社会学名词中英对译

社会学名词〔中英对译〕中文名词英文译实证主义positivism/positivist动力学thedyanamics静力学thestatics分工thework-division神学thetheology形而上学themetaphysics进化论theevolution-theory唯名论thenominalism唯实论therealism官僚制度bureaucraticsystem结构主义thestructuralism唯物主义thematerialism辩证法Dialectic唯心主义theidealism生产关系productionrelations乘U余价值Increase-value剩余劳动Overtime失调因素maladjustivefactors社区community社会福禾1Jthesocially-welfare社会化thesocialization社会限制thesocial-control社会参与thesocially-participation社会工作thesocialwork残疾人handicapped社会救助thesocially-welfare问卷thequestionnaire独生子女thesingles-children现代化modernization/aggiornamento根本方针thebaselines行为准贝11Behavioral-omens矛盾contravention时代背景thetime-background工业化industrialization民主化democratization文明化civilize同质性Homogeneity协调过程thecoordination-process血缘的relatedbyblood整合的integrated异质性Heterogenitaet社会阶级sociallayerclass自然科学natural/physicalscience抽象科学abstractscience社会秩序socialorder社会有机论socialorganism-theory资本主义capitalism使收入极大化maketheincomemoreprofitable社会冲突理论socialconflicttheory操作化operationalize实证分析empiricalanalysis有限理性boundedrationality经济人的禾己主义倾向self-interestorientationofeconomicactors交互分类cross-classify维度dimension内部劳动力市场internallabormarket隐性契约implicitcontracts社会网络socialnetwork家族企业householdenterprise固定本钱fixedcost合资企业joint-stockcompany中产阶级bourgeois组织文化organizationalculture一般规律aruleofthumb社会研究socialresearch符号互动论symbolicinteractionism同化assimilation行动理论Actiontheory表意性活动Activityexpressive工具性活动Activityinstrumental工作调适Adjustmentwork疏离Alienation同化Assimilation权威Authority科层权威Authoritybureaucratic感召权威Authoritycharismatic双重权威Authoritydual患病行为Behaviorillness角色行为Behaviorrole偏见Bias资产阶级Bourgeoisie科层制度Bureaucracy资本家Capitalist变迁推动者/变媒Changeagent传意途径Channelcommunication感召力Charisma文化间距Culturallag文化震惊Culturalshock文化Culture文化模式Culturepatterns文化特质Culturetraits主流文化Culturemainstream达尔文Darwin非个人化Depersonalization偏差Deviance初级偏差Devianceprimary次级偏差Deviancesecondary偏差者Deviant偏差行为Deviantbehavior偏差社会地位Deviantsocialstatus选择医生行为Doctor-shoppingbehaviour涂尔干Durkheim家庭Family平等〔平权〕家庭Familyequalitarian扩展式家庭Familyextended寄养家庭Familyfoster母权家庭Familymatriarchal核心家庭Familynuclear父权家庭Familypatriarchal单亲家庭Familysingle-parent传统式家庭Familytraditional民间医药Folkmedicine社会动力Forcesocial初级收获Gainprimary次级收获Gainsecondary帮派Gang性相Gender代沟Generationgap群体Group内群体Groupin外群体Groupout朋辈群体Grouppeer初级〔直接〕群体Groupprimary种族与民族群体Groupraceandethnic参照群体Groupreference次级〔间接〕群体Groupsecondary他群体Groupthey-我群体Groupwe-意识型态Ideology工业化Industrialization标准〔制度〕化Institutionalization内化Internalization少年罪行Juveniledelinquency标签理论Labellingtheory认可权力Legitimatepower宏观社会学Macro-sociology马克斯Marx医疗社会学Medicalsociology微观社会学Micro-sociology现代化Modernization一夫一妻制Monogamy民德Mores协商秩序Negotiatedorder非工作取向Non-taskoriented标准Norms强制性组织Organizationcoercive正式组织Organizationformal志愿性组织Organizationvoluntary典范/范例Paradigm父〔男〕权社会Patriarchalsociety柏拉图Plato现实冲击Realityshock再社会化Resocialization角色Role角色冲突Roleconflict角色集合Roleset倚赖性的病人角色Roledependant-patient自我实现预言Self-fulfillingprophecy病者角色Sickrole社会变迁Socialchange社会阶层〔级〕Socialclasses社会管制Socialcontrol会制度Socialinstitutions社会互动Socialinteraction社会流动Socialmobility社会标准Socialnorm社会秩序Socialorder社会组织Socialorganization社会污名〔烙印〕Socialstigma社会阶层Socialstratum社会结构Socialstructure社会支援网络Socialsupportnetwork社会〔教〕化Socialization社会〔教〕化过程Socializationprocess社会化的机构〔媒介〕Socializationagentsof初级社会化Socializationprimary次级社会化Socializationsecondary地位Status自致〔成就〕地位Statusachieved先赋地位Statusascribed定型效应Stereotypingeffect污名/烙印Stigma污名化/烙印化Stigmatization次文化Subculture演译系统Systemofinterpretation禁忌Taboo价值体系Valuesystem西化Westernization第一局部PartOneI-欧洲古典社会学家AugusteComte奥古斯特?L德KarlMarx卡尔叫克思HerbertSpencer赫伯特殉宾塞VilfredoPareto维尔弗雷多7tt累托FerdinandToennies费迪南德滕尼斯EmileDurkheim埃米尔称尔干GeorgSimmel格奥尔格*美尔GaetanoMosca加耶塔诺荻斯卡MaxWeber马克斯〞伯LeonardT.Hobhouse莱奥纳多.T.霍布豪斯RobertMichels罗伯特冰歇尔斯II-北美古典社会学家W川iamGrahamSumner威廉姆的拉汉姆林姆纳LesterWard莱斯特狱德AlbionSmall阿比奥刷莫尔FranklinGiddings弗兰克林*丁斯ThorsteinVeblen索斯坦加勃伦GeorgeHerbertMead乔治®伯特冰德W.I.ThomasW.I.托马斯CharlesHortonCooley查尔斯H顿加利RobertE.Park罗伯特.E.帕克E.A.RossEoAo罗斯III-现代早期PitirimSorokin皮特里姆葆罗金EltonMayo埃尔顿幽约GeorgLukacs格奥尔格A卡奇W川iamF.Ogburn威廉姆.F.奥格本KarlMannheim卡尔修海姆AlfredSchutz阿尔弗雷德附茨HerbertBlumer赫伯特斯鲁默PaulLazarsfeld保罗S扎斯菲尔德GeorgeGallup乔治％洛普TarcottParsons塔尔科特ft森斯GeorgeHomans乔治B曼斯IV-现代晚期DavidRiesman大卫?里斯曼RobertKingMerton罗伯特蛭默顿BarringtonMoore巴林顿褥尔LewisCoser刘易斯洲塞ReinhardBendix莱因哈特怵尼迪克斯C.W.MillsCoWo米尔斯HaroldGarfinkel哈罗德伤口芬克尔PeterBlau彼特加劳DanielBell丹尼尔须尔TomBottomore汤姆W托莫尔AlvinGouldner埃尔文*尔德纳ErvingGoffman欧文我夫曼SeymourMartinLipset塞默尔叫丁〞普塞RichardEmerson理查德8默森RalphDahrendorf拉尔夫彷伦多夫NeilSmelser尼尔刷梅尔赛V-当代社会学家NorbertElias诺伯特欲利亚斯S.N.EisenstadtS.N.艾森斯塔德JamesColeman詹姆斯刑尔曼MichelFoucault米歇尔昌柯AaronCicourel阿隆?西科利尔PeterBerger彼特〔白格JurgenHabermas尤尔根合贝马斯JeanBaudrillard让布西亚PierreBourdieu皮埃尔斯迪厄NiklasLuhmann尼克拉斯»曼RandallCollins兰多可林斯JeffreyAlexander杰弗瑞蜒历山大ImmanuelWalerstein埃曼努尔版勒斯坦AnthonyGiddens安东尼桔登斯E.P.ThompsonE.P.汤普逊CharlesTilly查尔斯璘利HerbertGans赫伯特班斯HowardS.Becker霍华德.S.贝克尔GaryS.Becker加里.S贝克尔JohnGoldthorpe约翰伐德索普ManuelCastells曼努埃尔邪斯特尔斯ClaudeFischer克劳德阳希尔MichaelBurawoy迈克尔秘拉维MichaelHechter迈克尔刚克特ThedaSkocpol西达殉考奇珀尔VI-相关社会科学家ClaudeHenriSaint-Simon克劳德婷禾碎西蒙ThomasMalthus托马斯马尔萨斯AlexisdeTocqueville阿列克西砒毛克维尔CharlesBooth查尔斯^思FredericLePlay弗里德里克刑布莱SigmundFreud西格蒙德矶洛伊德FerdinanddeSaussure费迪南德砒琮绪尔EdmundHusserl埃德蒙德利塞尔AlfredRadcliffe-Brown阿尔弗雷德K德克利夫-布朗JosephSchumpeter约瑟夫I昼彼特BronislawMalinowski布拉尼斯洛马林诺夫斯基MarcBloch马克?^洛赫AntonioGramsci安东尼玛兰西JeanPiaget让坡亚杰KarlR.Popper卡尔.R.波普B.F.SkinnerB.F.斯金纳FernandBraudel费尔南德斯劳代尔ClaudeLevi-Strauss克劳德列维-斯特劳斯AbrahamMaslow亚伯拉罕马斯洛JohnK.Galbraith约翰.K.加尔布雷斯MargaretMead玛格丽特冰德JeanPaulSartre让?保罗林特RolandBarthes罗兰E特WaltRostow沃尔特罗斯托LouisAlthusser路易斯?可尔都塞ErnestGellner恩内斯特需尔纳A.NoamChomskyA.诺姆苏姆斯基第二局部PartTwoActionTheory行动理论AnnaleSchool年鉴学派〔历史学〕Anneesociologique〔DurkheimianSchool〕?社会学年鉴?〔涂尔干学派〕AppliedSociology应用社会学Atomism原子论Behaviorism行为主义ChicagoSchool芝加哥学派ClinicalSociology临床社会学ComparativeSociology比拟社会学ConcentricZoneTheory同心圆理论ConflictTheory冲突理论ConvergenceTheory趋同论CriticalTheoryandFrankfurtSchool批判理论/法兰克福学派CulturalRelativism文化相对主义DependencyTheory依附理论DeterminismandItsVariants决定论及其变种EconomicDeterminism经济决定论TechnologyDeterminism技术决定论GeographicalDeterminism地理决定论BiologicalDeterminism生物决定论Dramaturgy/DramaturgicalSociology拟剧说/拟剧社会学Dualism二元论EliteTheory精英理论EmpiricalSociology经验社会学Empiricism经验主义EndofIdeologyTheory意识形态终结论Ethnomethodology常人方法学EvolutionaryTheory进化论ExchangeTheory交换理论Falsificationism证伪主义Feminism女权主义FeministSocialTheory女权主义社会理论FieldTheory场论FigurationalSociology构型社会学Fordism福特主义FormalSociology形式社会学FormalTheory形式理论Functionalism功能主义GameTheory博弈论GrandTheory宏大理论GroundedTheory扎根理论Hermeneutics解释学Historicism历史主义Holism整体论HumanRelationsSchool人际关系学派Humanism人本主义/人道主义Idealism唯心主义Individualismanditsvariants个人主义及其变种EpistemologicalIndividualism熟悉论个人主义ReligiousIndividualism宗教个人主义MethodologicalIndividualism方法论个人主义InterpretativeSociology解释社会学LabelingTheory标签理论Macro-Sociology宏观社会学MarxistSociology马克思主义社会学Materialism唯物主义HistoricalMaterialism历史唯物主义MeaningfulSociology意义指向的社会学Meta-Theory元理论Micro-Sociology微观社会学Middle-RangeTheory中层理论NewLeft新左派NewRight新右派NormativeTheory标准理论Objectivism客观主义Operationalism操作主义PhenomenologicalSociology/SocialPhenomenology现象学社会学/社会现象学PoliticalEconomy政治经济学Positivism实证主义Post-Fordism后福特主义Psychologism心理主义RationalChoiceTheory理性选择理论Realism唯实论/实在论SociologicalRealism社会学唯实论/实在论Reductionism复原论Relativism相对主义RoleTheory角色理论SocialContractTheory社会契约论Structuralism结构主义Structural-Functionalism结构功能主义StructurationTheory结构化理论SymbolicInteractionism符号互动论SystemsTheory系统理论TraitTheory人格理论Voluntarism唯意愿论第三局部PartThreeActionResearch行动研究AdhocHypothesis事后假设Aggregate聚合体AggregateDataAnalysis集合数据分析Analogy类比AnalysisofVariance(ANOVA)方差分析AnalyticalInduction分析性归纳ArchaeologyofKnowledge知识考古学AttitudeScale态度量表BarChart柱状图BehaviorTherapy/Modification行为疗法/行为矫正Bias偏误BiasedSample有偏样本CaseStudy个案研究CaseWork个案工作Cause,Causality,andCausalRelationship起因、因果性和因果关系CausalExplanation因果解释CausalModeling因果建模Census普查Chi-squareTest卡方检验Classification分类ClusterAnalysis聚类分析ClusterSample整群抽样Coding编码Cohort/CohortAnalysis同期群〔科伙〕/同期群分析CommunityStudy社区研究ComparativeHistory比拟史ComparativeMethod/Quasi-ExperimentalMethod比拟法/准实验法ConcomitantVariation共变关系Construct概念建构物ContentAnalysis内容分析ControlGroup限制组ConversationalAnalysis会话分析/谈话分析Correlation/CorrelationCoefficient相关/相关系数Cross-SectionalStudy横断面研究/定点研究CrossTabulation/ContingencyTables交互分类表/列联表Counterfactual反事实臆想Definition定义DelphiMethod德尔斐法DependentVariable/IndependentVariable自变量/因变量DescriptiveStatistics描述性统计DeviantCaseAnalysis特异个案分析Discourse话语Distribution分布Elaboration详析EmergentProperties突生性状Emic/Etic本位法/客位法EmpathicUnderstanding同情理解Epistemology熟悉论Error误差Estimation估计值Ethnography民族志EvaluationResearch评估研究ExperimentalMethod实验法Explanation解释CausalExplanation因果解释DeductiveExplanation演绎解释ProbablisticExplanation概率解释MeaningfulorPurposiveExplanations目的性/意图性解释FunctionalExplanations功能解释EvolutionaryorEcologicalExplanations进化论或生态学解释TeleologicalExplanations目的论解释ExplanatoryMechanism解释机制ExploratoryDataAnalysis探索性数据分析FactorAnalysis因子分析FamilyTherapy家庭疗法Fieldwork田野调查FrequencyDistribution频数分布GroupTherapy团体疗法GuttmanScale哥特曼量表HawthorneEffect霍桑效应Histogram直方图Historiography历史志Hypothesis假设Hypothetico-DeductiveMethod假设演绎法IdealType理想型/理念型Idiographic/NomotheticApproach以个体独特经验为导向的研究/以普遍法那么为导向的研究Index指数IndividualLevelData个体层次数据Induction归纳InteractionofVariables变量间互动关系Interpretation/Verstehen解释/理解Inter-Subjectivity互主观性/主体间性InterveningVariable中介变量Interview访谈InterviewerBias访谈者引发的偏误Kurtosis峰度LifeHistoryMethod生活史研究LikertScale李克特量表LogLinearAnalysis对数线性分析LongitudinalStudy追踪研究MarketResearch/CommercialEthnography市场研究/商业民族志MeasurementCriteriaandLevels测量标准和测量层次Nominal-LevelMeasurement定名测度/定类测度Ordinal-LevelMeasurement定序测度Interval-LevelMeasurement定距测度Ratio-LevelMeasurement定比测度MeasuresofCentralTendency集中趋势测量Mode众数Median中位数Mean平均数MeasuresofDispersion/Variability离散趋势测量Range数值变动范围Variance方差StandardDeviation标准差StandardError标准误Skew偏态Kurtosis峰度Model模型MultidimensionalScaling多维度空间建模Methodology方法论MultivariateAnalysis多变量分析FactorAnalysis因子分析PrincipleComponentAnalysis主成份分析ClusterAnalysis聚类分析MultipleRegressionAnalysis多元回归分析MultivariateAnalysisofVariance(MANOVA)多变量方差分析Log-linearAnalysis对数线性分析NaturalisticResearchMethod自然主义研究方法Non-Parametric/ParametricStatistics非