2023年11月6日学位北京英语考试A卷真题

2010年11月6日学位北京英语考试A卷真题Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings〞.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs，butarchaeologists(考古学家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory--normally,thebacteria(细菌)intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice，whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!Whywasthismansowellpreserved?(76)Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefi:omthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.Howdidhedie?Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan〞.(77)Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinhislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.1.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology〞comefrom?A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.German.2.Theword“these〞inthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects3.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan〞?A.IceandIowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.“LindowMan〞wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.C.“LindowMan〞wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.D.“LindowMan〞wasgoodatmanualwork.5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatIsArchaeology?B.ArchaeologyandHistoryC.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscoveryD.TheDeathof“LindowMan〞Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.(78)Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(79)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.7.Theword“metropolis〞inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress8.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.A.humanattentionisascarceresourceB.citylifecanmakepeopleverytiredC.thecityisanengineofintellectuallifeD.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain9.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?A.Nature.B.Bettertreatment.C.Experienceddoctors.D.Goodmedicine.10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Differentaspects(方面)ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.B.Smallchangesinurbandesign,cannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth'spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Breastfeeding(母乳喂养)foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman'sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖病)laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenf~omCalifomia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.AccordingtoSchwarz'sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis(诊断)ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.(80)“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.〞Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon'tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,〞shesays.Thefindingisn'tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes(occurringduringpregnancy(怀孕))thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.B.EleanorSchwarz'sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.D.EleanorSchwarz'sresultsseemmorereliable.12.AccordingtoSchwarz'sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape.B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother'schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease.C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:thelonger,thebetter.D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter.14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be〞inthelastparagraph?A.Womenwhoarepregnant,especiallyforthefirsttime.B.Womenwhodreamofhavingbabiesforthefirsttime.C.Womenwhoalreadyhavechildren.D.Womenwhohavejustgotbabiesforthefirsttime.15.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A.BreasffeedingMayEnhanceBabies'ChancesofSurvivalB.BreasffeedingMayLowerMoms'DiabetesRiskC.BreasffeedingMayBecomeVeryFashioaableinNearFutureD.BreasffeedingMayHelpWomenLoseWeightPartⅡVocabularyandStructure(30%)16.Youshouldcarefullythinkover_____themanagersaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose17.LastweekIwrotetothehoteltobookaroom,butthey_____yet.A.didn'tanswerB.wasn'tansweringC.hadn'tansweredD.haven'tanswered18.Dianafeltverymuchupsetat_____tothepartyasshehadlongedtogoforalongtime.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavingbeeninvitedC.nottobeinvitedD.tobenotinvited19.Onnoaccount_____heldresponsibleforthecaraccident,soheshouldnotbeputintoprison.A.thedrivercanbeB.canthedriverbeC.thedriverbeD.bethedriver20.Allthekidsarecryingnow.What_____makesthemsounhappy?A.itisB.isitC.itisthatD.isitthat21.Unfortunately,thepackageIwasexpectingwas_____tothewrongaddress.A.writtenB.givenC.packedD.delivered22._____byalargeaudience,hefeltverynervousanddidn'tknowwhattosay.A.WatchingB.WatchC.WatchedD.Havingwatched23.I'mverygratefulforyourhelpandhopetodosomethingforyou_____inthefuture.A.inexchangeB.insteadC.inreturnD.inparticular24.Ican____youthattheanimalsarewellcaredforinourzoo,soyouneedn'tworryaboutthem.A.supposeB.assumeC.assureD.grant25.Thedrowningboymadea_____attempttocatchtheropethrowntohim.A.dangerousB.gracefulC.gentleD.desperate26.Ifwe_____earlytomorrowmorning,wewillreachthecoastbeforedark.A.takeoffB.setoffC.setupD.takeup27.AlotofpeoplemistakeJohnforBillbecausethey_____eachotherinappearancetoomuch!A.weaveB.utilizeC.revealD.resemble28.Whentherearecordialrelationsbetweenthetwocountries,wemeanthereexistsa_____relationshipbetweenthem.A.friendlyB.hostileC.fertileD.complicated29.Thepatient'srecoverywasveryencouragingashecould_____getoutofbedwithouthelp.A.onlyB.almostC.me'relyD.hardly30.Atthejobinterview,Mr.Browngaveagood_____ofhimselfandfinallygotajobasasalesman.A.opinionB.ideaC.cryD.account31.Asiswellknown,eatingtoomuchfatcan_____heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.addtoB.attendtoC.contributetoD.applyto32.Aclubisaplacetomakefrequent_____withfriends.A.accountsB.attemptsC.contentsD.contacts33._____theobviousdifferencesinsizeandpopulation,thestatesofAmericahavemanythings_____common.A.Although;onB.Though;inC.Despite;inD.Becauseof;on34.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_____thismedicineistestedonhumanbeings.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when35.Withlargernumbersofgraduatesthaneverbefore,justhavingadegreewillnolongerbeenoughtomakeyou_____inthecrowd.A.standupB.standbyC.standforD.standout36.Thedoctortriedtodoanexperimenttofindoutthe_____ofthemedicineonthemice.A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.effect37.Thisisonlyoneofthelaundriesinthedistrictmodemequipment.A.thathaveB.whichhaveC.thathasD.whathas38.Skatingcanbegoodforyou_____correctly.A.thoughdoingB.thoughdoneC.ifdoneD.ifdoing39.Bytheendoflastweek611peoplefrom49countriestoattendthemeeting,withnearlyhalfcomingfromtheUnitedStates,GermanyandBritain.A.hadregisteredB.haveregisteredC.registeredD.wereregistered40.Itwassuggestedthat____bigeventliketheYearofRussiainChinashouldcertainlybenefit_____relationshipbetweenthetwocountries.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D.the;/41.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A.asB.unlessC.whatD.where42.Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,thelittlegirlranbackhome,_____.A.happilyandsatisfiedB.eagerandexcitedlyC.happyandsatisfiedD.anxiouslyandexcitedly43．—Howaretheirtalksgoingon?Havetheyreachedanyagreement?—Theyonlyseemedtohaveagreedtosetanotherdatefor__talks.A.deeperB.slowerC.furtherD.higher44._____tenminutesearlier,youwouldn'thavemissedthetrain.Butyouwerelate.A.HadyoucomeB.DidyoucomeC.HaveyoucomeD.Shouldyoucome45.Havingbeentoldthathersondiedintheaccident,theoldwomanappearedverycalm,asifnothing_____.A.happenedB.werehappenedC.washappenedD.hadhappenedPartIIIIdentification(10%)46.Idon'tthinkawarmwinteralwayshasanegativeinfluenceonourlife,hasn'tit?ABCD47.Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstanceswemayusethetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.ABCD48.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomewhichImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.ABCD49.Towaitinthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedthathehadleftthewalletinthecar.ABCD50.TheGreatWallisSoawell-knowntouristattractionthatmillionsofpeoplepourineveryyear.ABCD51.Equippedwithmodemfacilities,today'shospitalsarequitedifferentfromthatofthepast.ABCD52.Wesolvedtheproblembyusingacomputerratherthantodoitallbyhand.ABCD53.Whohaseyescanseewhatgreatachievementswehavemadesince1978.ABCD54.Surely,therearelotsofproblemssolvinginourresearchsoweneedtogetwellpreparedinadvance.ABCD55.Theharderhetried,themostfailureshesufferedinhisearlydaysasawriterABCDPartIVCloze(10%)WehavequiteabitofinformationaboutancientEgyptianmedicine.Doctors'instructionshavebeenfoundtotellus56theydidforthesickandtheinjured.57manyofthetreatmentsincludedmagic,ancientEgyptiansusedplantleavesandothermethodstotreatmany58.Religion,magicandmedicinewere59relatedinancientEgypt.Somepriests(牧师)werespecially60asdoctorsto61thesickandtheinjured.Doctorswereheldtoahighmoralstandard.Patientswastreatedwith62andtheir63informationwashighlysecret.Thehighest-rankingdoctorswerepriestsofthegoddessSekhmet,64controlledillnesses.Doctorsspentapartofeachyear65thegoddess.Doctorswerethoughttobe66tothegodsandabletoaskthemforhealing.Templeswerecentersforhealing.67apersonwasill,heorshewouldcometothetempleor68adoctorforadiagnosis(诊断).A(n)69problemwastreatedwithmedicine,prayerandmagic.Ifaclearcausewasnot70,thediagnosiswouldbethattheillnesswascausedbyanevilspiritorcUrse.Thedoctorwouldusemagicspellsto71acure.72,adiagnosiscouldnotbereached.73thiscase,apatientwouldbetoldtorestforaperiodoftime74anotherexaminationcouldbe75.56.A.whatB.whyC.thatD.which57.A.WhenB.SinceC.AlthoughD.After58.A.damagesB.diseasesC.disastersD.destructions59.A.hardlyB.closelyC.mainlyD.shortly60.A.trainedB.designedC.plannedD.studied61.A.looktoB.