内容课件教案讲稿lecture05pervasive computing

ComputersinBusiness

Lecture05

PervasiveComputing

(UbiquitousComputing)VideointroductionDefinePervasiveComputing(ubiquitouscomputing)LookatsomeexamplesConsiderhowtheymightbeusedMobilecomputingOverview3LifeinaubiquitouscomputingenvironmentBasedonthevideo,whatdoyouthinkisubiquitous/pervasivecomputing?Doyouthinkwearecurrentlylivinginsuchanenvironment?Howfararewefromwhatisshowninthevideo?4QuestionsInformationSystemsarenolongertiedtoadeskinanofficeInformationprocessinghasbeenthoroughlyintegratedintoeverydayobjectsandactivitiesSomeone"using"ubiquitouscomputingengagesmanycomputationaldevicesandsystemssimultaneously,andmaynotnecessarilyevenbeawarethattheyaredoingso.5IntroductionInaubiquitouscomputingenvironmentcomputingpowerisbeingincorporatedintoarangeofexistingobjects.NewobjectsarebeingcreatedthatexploitcomputingpowerThisparadigmisalsodescribedaspervasivecomputing,ambientintelligence,or,morerecently,everyware.UbiquitousComputing(5AModel)Anytime,Anywhere,AnyDevice,AnyData,AnyNetwork6IntroductionHowtoachieveubiquity?MakecomputingavailablebeyonddesktopMakeitmobileandconnectedInstrumentthepersonInstrumentthephysicalsurroundingsMarkWeiserin1988coinedtheterm“ubiquitous”.Amethodofenhancingcomputerusebymakingmanycomputersavailablethroughoutthephysicalenvironment,butmakingthemeffectivelyinvisibletotheuser.WhatarePervasiveandUbiquitousComputing?-MarkWeiserChieftechnologistatXeroxPARCFatherof"ubiquitouscomputing"(1952-1999)Reference:MarkWeiser,“TheComputerforthe21stCentury”,ScientificAmerica,Sep.1991ComputersEverywhereVisionofubiquitouscomputing:hundredsofcomputersperperson,varioussizesandcapabilitiesTabsverysmall--smartbadgewithuserinfo,etc.allowpersonalizedsettingstofollowauserleavebiosbehindatmeetingsattachedtovirtuallyeverything--e.g.,books,carkeys,etc.RealitySomeofWeiser’sH/WpredictionsLargedisplays,afractionofacentimeterthick,poweredcontinuouslyfordaysonasmallbattery(no,no,no!)1GHzprocessors(yes,yes,yes)16MBofmemoryonasingleunit(easy,memoryisfarcheaperthanwecouldhaveimaginedin1991)SeveralGBofstorageeasilyavailable(yes:we’vedonebetterthanthis)So,we’rebehindindisplays,batteriesMobileInternetAccess•Centraltobeingabletoaccessinformation‘onthemove’ismobileInternetaccess•Wi-fiisacommonapproach•GPRS(GeneralPacketRadioService)isalsonowcommon•Bothofthesetechnologiescanbeusedonawiderangeofdevices–laptops,pocketPCsandmobilephonesforinstanceManymoreexist–justlookaroundSeveralExamples(OldYesterday)SmartHomeSmartElectricAppliances/DevicesRefrigerator,WashingMachines,MicrowaveVendingMachinesMacnotebook–sensingsoundandlightPDA+Phone,iPodSmartCardsLocationBasedServicesFindingpeopleandfriendsLocatingfoodandentertainmentLocation-awarecomputingDoyouthinkthisisthefuturetrendofcomputing?13SomeApplicationsandFutureTrendofComputing?MajorTrendsinComputingTheMajorTrendsinComputingMainframeManypeopleshareacomputerPersonalComputerOnecomputer,onepersonInternet,DistributedComputingTransitionalStateUbiquitousComputingEachofusmakinguseofmanycomputersFullinternetaccess,emailandTV15’’touchscreenElectroniccalendarforkeepingimportantdatesElectronicnutritionalfactfilefortipsandinformationonfoodproductspurchasedTrackfoodsandtheirstoragetimeinyourfridgefreezerElectronicuserfeaturesandmaintenancemanualsSelf-diagnosticsystemforhighlightingfaultsPhoneNumberManagementExternalManagementCookingRecipesWeatherInformationHandwritingRecognitionInternetFridgeRadioFrequencyIdentificationenablesdatatobetransmittedfromatagtoareaderwithouttouchorline-of-sight.ApplicationsinAssetTracking,Manufacturing,SCM,Retailing,Paymentsystems,SecurityandAccesscontrol.16RFIDTechnologyEyeTapisadevicethatisworninfrontoftheeyeActsasacameratorecordthesceneavailabletotheeyeActsasadisplaytosuperimposeaComputer-generatedimageryontheoriginalsceneavailabletotheeyeInordertocapturewhattheeyeisseeingasaccurately.Thecameradigitizesthereflectedimageofthesceneandsendsittoacomputer.Itprocessestheimageandthensendsittoaprojector.Theprojectorsendtheimagetotheothersideofthebeamsplittersothatthiscomputergeneratedimageisreflectedintotheeyetobesuperimposedontheoriginalscene.Originallydesignedforanimaltaggingbutarenowbeingusedinhumansaswell.AnearlyexperimentwithRFIDimplantswasconductedbyBritishprofessorofcyberneticsKevinWarwick,whoimplantedachipinhisarmin1998.AppliedDigitalSolutionsproposestheirchip's"uniqueunder-the-skinformat"asasolutiontoidentityfraud,securebuildingaccess,computeraccess,storageofmedicalrecords,anti-kidnappinginitiativesandavarietyoflaw-enforcementapplications.Combinedwithsensorstomonitorbodyfunctions,theDigitalAngeldevicecouldprovidemonitoringforpatients.TheBajaBeachClub,anightclubinBarcelonaSpainandinRotterdam,TheNetherlands,usesanimplantableVerichiptoidentifytheirVIPcustomers,whointurnuseittopayfordrinks.18ImplantableRFIDchips

19RFIDSand?"Itdoesnogoodtoinstallathousandvideocamerasifathousandpeoplehavetowatchthemallday....RFIDtechnologywilltellyouwhensomethingwasmoved,whereitwasmoved,andthenyoucancheckthecorrespondingvideo."sic&...Thetechnologyisreadybutsofarthathasnotbeena‘killerapplication’tobringwearabletechnologytoamainstreamaudienceWearableTechnologyUbERbadgeViralMessagePassingLocationofindividualsAnalysisofsocialnetworkingFormationofaffinitygroupsStoringofcontactsforlaterretrievalWearableTechnology

PotentialApplications

MIThril

AwearableresearchplatformdevelopedbyresearchersattheMITMediaLabGoaltodevelopandprototypenewtechniquesofhuman-computerinteractionforbody-wornapplicationsApplicationsforhealth,communications,andjust-in-timeinformationdelivery.WearableTechnologySixthsense23WearableTechnology

Sixthsense

WearableTechnology“wearablegesturalinterfacethataugmentsthephysicalworldarounduswithdigitalinformationandletsususenaturalhandgesturestointeractwiththatinformation.”

25WearableTechnology

Theseamlesscouplingofeverydaygraspableobjectswiththedigitalinformationthatpertainstothem(Smyth,2006)egphicons:“BygraspingasmallphysicalmodeloftheGreatDomeandplacingitontothedesk'ssurface,atwo-dimensionalmapofMITcampusappearsonthedesksurfacebeneaththeobject,withthelocationoftheDomeonthemapboundtothephysicallocationoftheDomephicon.”TangibleMediaTangibleMedia

Kisscommunicator

Aconceptprototypethatallowsyoutoblowakisstoyourbelovedwhens/he'sattheotherpartoftheworld.TangibleMedia•CSCWreferstotechnologiesthatallowgroupsofpeopletoworktogether•Individualscanbeco-locatedorseparated•Workcanbesynchronousorasynchronous•Technologiestodothisinclude: videoconferencing,messaging,interactivewhiteboards,wikisandVirtualWorlds (MMOGs)ComputerSupported

CooperativeWork

Technologyneeded

Realtimeaudio/visualcompressorVideoinput:videocameraorwebcamVideooutput:computermonitorortelevisionAudioinput:microphonesAudiooutput:usuallyloudspeakersassociatedwiththedisplaydeviceortelephoneDatatransfer:analogueordigitaltelephonenetwork,LANorInternet32

Technologiescompared

TechnologySamePlace?SameTime?VisibilityAudibilityVideoconferencingNYYYMessagingNYNNWikiN/YNNNBlogNNNNVirtualWorldN(?)YY(?)N/YMobileComputing34WhatisMobileComputingDefinitions–MobileComputingWhatismobilecomputing?ComputingthatisnotobstructedwhilethelocationofitchangesMobilecomputing=+?

MobilecomputingdrawsfromWirelesscommunicationsandnetworkingAbilitytocommunicateviawirelesslinksUbiquitousandpervasivecomputingAbilitytoprovidecomputinganywhereandanytime(ubiquitous),usuallyinaseamlessmanner,potentiallynotperceived(pervasive)SmartPhoneHand-heldCompanionPersonaldigitalassistantWirelessWired

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MobileLearnersPersonalInformationPortalsAccesstoCorporateLearningandKnowledgesystemsMessaging,CommunicationLearningontheMove

TheDisappearingComputer

Thebestpervasivecomputingenvironmentsmaketechnologyinvisible,withalloftheinvolvedandconstantlyavailablecomputingandcommunicationstechnologydisappearingfromourperception.Ubiquitouscomputingmayinvolvemobilepeoplecarryingmobiletechnologywiththem.However,itequallyinvolvesusingabroaderrangeoffixeddevicesthatpeoplevisit.Seamlessapplications,data,deviceandhenceinterfaceintegrationarecritical.UbiquitousComputingServices&ApplicationsGoodsTransportandLogisticFleetManagementFieldWorkerDeploymentResourceManagemen