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Chapter26TransformationofSentencePatternsGeneralintroductionA.Transformationofsentencespatterns
InEnglishvarioussentencestructurescanexpressthesamemeaning.
e.g.Youwererighttodothat.Youwererightindoingthat.Itwasrightforyoutodothat.Itwasrightofyoutodothat.B.Manyconstitutesofasentencecanbetransformedtoanotherforms
a.Subjecte.g.Variedmethodshelptolivenupalesson.
Varietyofmethods
helpstolivenupalesson.
Generalintroductionb.Predicatee.g.Heevidently
receivedlittlebenefit
fromouradvice.Heevidentlybenefitedlittlefromouradvice.c.Objecte.g.Theymarvelledat
ourgreatachievements.Theymarvelledat
thegreatnessofourachievements.d.Adverbiale.g.Weimmediatelysetouttopursuetheenemy.Weimmediatelysetout
inpursuitoftheenemy.e.Attributee.g.Thequestionwasonetobedebated.Thequestionwasadebatableone.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesA.Subjecte.g.Thereisnothinginconsistent
inwhatshesaid.Thereisnoinconsistencyinwhatshesaid.
Herlatearrival
delayedourdeparture.
Herarrivinglate
delayedourdeparture.
Noamountofpersuasion
couldmakeherchangehermind.
Nothingcouldpersuadehertochangehermind.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesB.Predicate
a.Sometimespredicatecanbechangedintothestructureaccompaniedbypredicativee.g.Everylanguagereflectstheculture
thatproducesit.Everylanguage
isareflectionoftheculturethatproducesit.
b.Sometimescanbechangedintothestructure“verb+noun”e.g.Whydidyouinquirefurtheraboutit?Whydidn’tyoumakefurtherinquiryaboutit?TransformationintheSimpleSentences
c.Sometimesthepredicativecanbechangede.g.Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvaluetous.Yoursuggestionsareveryvaluabletous.
d.Sometimescanbechangedintothestructure“be+prepositionalphrases”e.g.Theroadisbeingrepaired.Theroad
isunderrepair.
e.Sometimesthepassiveformscanbechangedinto“be+adj.”e.g.Herbehavioroughttobepraised.Herbehaviorispraiseworthy.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesC.Object
a.Transformationofobjecte.g.Theexpansionofthecityrequiredextensionofthecommunicationlines.Theexpansionofthecityrequiredextendedcommunicationlines.
b.Sometimestheinfinitivecanbechangedintothegerundorparticiplee.g.Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast.Iwatchedhimeating
hisbreakfast.
c.Sometimesonlyapartoftheobjectcanbechangede.g.Headvisedus
tobevigilant.Headvisedustomaintainvigilance.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesD.Adverbial
a.Sometimescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Shepurposelyignoredmeattheparty.Sheignoredmeonpurpose
attheparty.
b.Sometimestheinfinitivecanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Wewalkedthroughthewoodstosearchforthelittlegirl.Wewalkedthroughthewoods
insearchofthelittlegirl.
c.Participialphrasescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Thebookslaypileduponthefloor.Thebookslayinpilesonthefloor.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesE.Attribute
a.Adjectivescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Sheisanintelligentgirl.Sheisagirl
ofhighintelligence.
b.Someinfinitivecanbechangedintoadjectivese.g.Heisnotaman
tobeeasilyexcited.Heisnotanexcitable
man.TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentences
A.Transformationsinthecomplexsentences
a.Whenchangingthecomplexsentences,wecanonlychangeapartofthesubordinateclause.e.g.Iguess
theirarrivinglatewillaffectourschedule.Iguesstheirlatearrivalwillaffectourschedule.Sheknewhecouldbetrusted.Sheknewhewastrustworthy.
TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentences
b.Canchangeapartofthemainclausee.g.Thesoldiersresistedtostubbornlythattheenemywereforcedtoretreat.Thesoldiersputupsuchastubbornresistancethattheenemywereforcedtoretreat.
c.Sometimesthewholesentencestructurecanbechangede.g.Completionoftheprojecttookthreeyears.
Ittookthreeyearstocompletetheproject.TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentencesB.Transformationsinthecompoundsentences
Whenchangingthecompoundsentences,thestructureofaclauseofthetwoisusuallychanged.e.g.Shesaidnothingbuthereyesreproachedus.Shesaidnothingbuthereyes
werereproachful.
ItwasThursdayafternoon;scarceasoulwasabout.ItwasThursdayafternoon;therewasscarcelyasoulabout.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences
A.Transformationsbetweenphrasesandclauses
a.Subjecte.g.It’sapityweshouldwastesomuchtimeonit.It’sapity
towastesomuchtimeonit.
b.Predicativee.g.Thequestionishowwecanraisesufficientfundforit.Thequestionishowtoraisesufficientfundforit.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesc.Objecte.g.Heinsisted
thatsheshouldgivehimastraightforwardanswer.Heinsistedonhergivinghimastraightforwardanswer.d.Attributee.g.Those
whowishtogopleasesignuphere.Thosewishingtogo
pleasesignuphere.e.Adverbiale.g.Wecouldn’tbuilditbecausewelackedmoney.Wecouldn’tbuildit
forlackofmoney.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesB.Transformationsbetweensubjectclausesandphrases
a.Subjectclausessometimescanbechangedintotheinfinitivee.g.It’sregrettable
thatoneshouldbesoextravagant.It’sregrettable
tobesoextravagant.
b.Sometimessubjectclausescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.It’sstrangethatheleftsosuddenly.
Hisleavingsosuddenlywasstrange.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesC.Predicativeclausestransformedintophrases
a.Sometimespredicativeclausescanbetransformedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Myideais
thatweshouldrentanapartment.Myideaistorentanapartment.
b.Sometimescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.Mysuggestionisthatwemakeimmediateenquiriesintothematter.Mysuggestionismakingimmediateenquiriesintothematter.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences
c.Sometimescanbechangedintophrasesintroducedbynounse.g.Onerequirementis
thatweshouldparticipateintheiractivities.Onerequirementisourparticipationintheiractivities.D.Objectclausestransformedintophrases
a.Objectclausescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.Hedeniedthathehadmadeanystatementtothateffect.Hedeniedmakinganystatementtothateffect.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences
b.Objectclausescanbechangedintoinfinitivecomplexobjecte.g.Thepoliceorderedthattheyshouldwaitrightthere.Thepoliceorderedthemtowaitrightthere.
c.Sometimescanbechangedintonounphrasese.g.Theyrequestedthatheresignimmediately.Theyrequestedhisimmediateresignation.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesE.Attributiveclausestransformedintophrases
a.Canbechangedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Therearealotofthingsweshoulddotoday.Therearealotofthingstodotoday.
b.Canbechangedintoparticipialphrasese.g.Onlypeoplewholivehere
canapplyformembership.Onlypeoplelivingherecanapplyformembership.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences
c.Sometimescanbecha
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