张道真实用英语语法课件Chapter 26

Chapter26TransformationofSentencePatternsGeneralintroductionA.Transformationofsentencespatterns

InEnglishvarioussentencestructurescanexpressthesamemeaning.

e.g.Youwererighttodothat.Youwererightindoingthat.Itwasrightforyoutodothat.Itwasrightofyoutodothat.B.Manyconstitutesofasentencecanbetransformedtoanotherforms

a.Subjecte.g.Variedmethodshelptolivenupalesson.

Varietyofmethods

helpstolivenupalesson.

Generalintroductionb.Predicatee.g.Heevidently

receivedlittlebenefit

fromouradvice.Heevidentlybenefitedlittlefromouradvice.c.Objecte.g.Theymarvelledat

ourgreatachievements.Theymarvelledat

thegreatnessofourachievements.d.Adverbiale.g.Weimmediatelysetouttopursuetheenemy.Weimmediatelysetout

inpursuitoftheenemy.e.Attributee.g.Thequestionwasonetobedebated.Thequestionwasadebatableone.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesA.Subjecte.g.Thereisnothinginconsistent

inwhatshesaid.Thereisnoinconsistencyinwhatshesaid.

Herlatearrival

delayedourdeparture.

Herarrivinglate

delayedourdeparture.

Noamountofpersuasion

couldmakeherchangehermind.

Nothingcouldpersuadehertochangehermind.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesB.Predicate

a.Sometimespredicatecanbechangedintothestructureaccompaniedbypredicativee.g.Everylanguagereflectstheculture

thatproducesit.Everylanguage

isareflectionoftheculturethatproducesit.

b.Sometimescanbechangedintothestructure“verb+noun”e.g.Whydidyouinquirefurtheraboutit?Whydidn’tyoumakefurtherinquiryaboutit?TransformationintheSimpleSentences

c.Sometimesthepredicativecanbechangede.g.Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvaluetous.Yoursuggestionsareveryvaluabletous.

d.Sometimescanbechangedintothestructure“be+prepositionalphrases”e.g.Theroadisbeingrepaired.Theroad

isunderrepair.

e.Sometimesthepassiveformscanbechangedinto“be+adj.”e.g.Herbehavioroughttobepraised.Herbehaviorispraiseworthy.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesC.Object

a.Transformationofobjecte.g.Theexpansionofthecityrequiredextensionofthecommunicationlines.Theexpansionofthecityrequiredextendedcommunicationlines.

b.Sometimestheinfinitivecanbechangedintothegerundorparticiplee.g.Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast.Iwatchedhimeating

hisbreakfast.

c.Sometimesonlyapartoftheobjectcanbechangede.g.Headvisedus

tobevigilant.Headvisedustomaintainvigilance.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesD.Adverbial

a.Sometimescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Shepurposelyignoredmeattheparty.Sheignoredmeonpurpose

attheparty.

b.Sometimestheinfinitivecanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Wewalkedthroughthewoodstosearchforthelittlegirl.Wewalkedthroughthewoods

insearchofthelittlegirl.

c.Participialphrasescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Thebookslaypileduponthefloor.Thebookslayinpilesonthefloor.TransformationintheSimpleSentencesE.Attribute

a.Adjectivescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Sheisanintelligentgirl.Sheisagirl

ofhighintelligence.

b.Someinfinitivecanbechangedintoadjectivese.g.Heisnotaman

tobeeasilyexcited.Heisnotanexcitable

man.TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentences

A.Transformationsinthecomplexsentences

a.Whenchangingthecomplexsentences,wecanonlychangeapartofthesubordinateclause.e.g.Iguess

theirarrivinglatewillaffectourschedule.Iguesstheirlatearrivalwillaffectourschedule.Sheknewhecouldbetrusted.Sheknewhewastrustworthy.

TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentences

b.Canchangeapartofthemainclausee.g.Thesoldiersresistedtostubbornlythattheenemywereforcedtoretreat.Thesoldiersputupsuchastubbornresistancethattheenemywereforcedtoretreat.

c.Sometimesthewholesentencestructurecanbechangede.g.Completionoftheprojecttookthreeyears.

Ittookthreeyearstocompletetheproject.TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentencesB.Transformationsinthecompoundsentences

Whenchangingthecompoundsentences,thestructureofaclauseofthetwoisusuallychanged.e.g.Shesaidnothingbuthereyesreproachedus.Shesaidnothingbuthereyes

werereproachful.

ItwasThursdayafternoon;scarceasoulwasabout.ItwasThursdayafternoon;therewasscarcelyasoulabout.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences

A.Transformationsbetweenphrasesandclauses

a.Subjecte.g.It’sapityweshouldwastesomuchtimeonit.It’sapity

towastesomuchtimeonit.

b.Predicativee.g.Thequestionishowwecanraisesufficientfundforit.Thequestionishowtoraisesufficientfundforit.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesc.Objecte.g.Heinsisted

thatsheshouldgivehimastraightforwardanswer.Heinsistedonhergivinghimastraightforwardanswer.d.Attributee.g.Those

whowishtogopleasesignuphere.Thosewishingtogo

pleasesignuphere.e.Adverbiale.g.Wecouldn’tbuilditbecausewelackedmoney.Wecouldn’tbuildit

forlackofmoney.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesB.Transformationsbetweensubjectclausesandphrases

a.Subjectclausessometimescanbechangedintotheinfinitivee.g.It’sregrettable

thatoneshouldbesoextravagant.It’sregrettable

tobesoextravagant.

b.Sometimessubjectclausescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.It’sstrangethatheleftsosuddenly.

Hisleavingsosuddenlywasstrange.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesC.Predicativeclausestransformedintophrases

a.Sometimespredicativeclausescanbetransformedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Myideais

thatweshouldrentanapartment.Myideaistorentanapartment.

b.Sometimescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.Mysuggestionisthatwemakeimmediateenquiriesintothematter.Mysuggestionismakingimmediateenquiriesintothematter.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences

c.Sometimescanbechangedintophrasesintroducedbynounse.g.Onerequirementis

thatweshouldparticipateintheiractivities.Onerequirementisourparticipationintheiractivities.D.Objectclausestransformedintophrases

a.Objectclausescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.Hedeniedthathehadmadeanystatementtothateffect.Hedeniedmakinganystatementtothateffect.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences

b.Objectclausescanbechangedintoinfinitivecomplexobjecte.g.Thepoliceorderedthattheyshouldwaitrightthere.Thepoliceorderedthemtowaitrightthere.

c.Sometimescanbechangedintonounphrasese.g.Theyrequestedthatheresignimmediately.Theyrequestedhisimmediateresignation.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesE.Attributiveclausestransformedintophrases

a.Canbechangedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Therearealotofthingsweshoulddotoday.Therearealotofthingstodotoday.

b.Canbechangedintoparticipialphrasese.g.Onlypeoplewholivehere

canapplyformembership.Onlypeoplelivingherecanapplyformembership.TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentences

c.Sometimescanbecha