新编大学英语第二册Unit 2 课件（浙大版）

CommunicationProblemsCommunicationProblemsLearningaforeignlanguagemeanslearningthewaysinwhichthelanguagereflectstheideas,customs,andbehaviorofthatsociety.

Unit2CommunicationProblemsTask1:WordExercisesTask2:WordGame—JigsawGuessingTask3:ASpeechContestTask4:VideoClipTask5:ProverbsandSayingsTask1WordExercisesDirections:Listentotheinstruction.Thisisanexample.PuttheletterBinBox1.PuttheletterEinBox3.Box1Box2Box3Box4Box5Box6Whatdoyouthinkthewordis?Hereissomehelp.WeputtheletterRinBox2.Whatdoyouthinkthewordis?Hereissomehelp.Weeatit.Theansweris“bread〞.Nowputlettersintheboxesandmakemorewords.BRENo.1234561

23456789101112Listenandputlettersintheboxestomakewords.FRUITSHOESJUICEBILLSCLOCKRALESHIPTFILMSMPUSCIDOORASDVCIEANSERWIntheabovetask,youmayhavetastedthemagicofEnglishwords.Nowtrytofollowtheexampleinthenextslidetomakesomejigsawpuzzlesforyourclassmatestoguess,andenjoythefunbroughtbythemagicofwords!WorkshopActivityTask2WordGame—JigsawGuessingTask2WordGame—JigsawGuessingSentence1.Whenyouaskaquestion,youusuallygetan…Sentence4.Lastwordinalettertoagoodfriend.Sentence2.Intheskyatnight,bigandbright.Sentence3.Youwritewithit.Makeawordfromthefirstlettersofthesewords.Thehint:Itgivesyoulight.Directions:Thefollowingsentencesarecluesforyourguessing.Firstly,trytogetawordfromwhateachsentencetellsyou,thenmakeawordfromthefirstlettersofthosewordsyouget.answermoonpenloveTheanswer:

lampSentence1.JingleBells,ClementineandOldMacDonaldare…Sentence2.Youneedafork,a…andaspoonforeating.Sentence3.Thefirstwordinaletter.Sentence4.Numberbetweentenandtwelve.Thehint:Apieceoffurniture.songsknifedearelevenTheanswer:deskyawneatrideaccidentSentence1.Youdoitwhenyouaretired.Sentence2.Youcannot…milkortea,butyoucan…apples,bread,cakeandchocolate.Sentence3.Youdoitonhorsesandbicycles.Sentence4.Whentwocarscrashintoeachother,theyhavean…Thehint:Aperiodoftime.Theanswer:yearoldteaIndiansnameTheanswer:intoSentence1.Notyoungbut…Sentence2.Ahotdrink,sometimesismadeinbags.Sentence3.TheywereinNorthAmericabeforetheEuropeanscame.Sentence4.Youarecalledbyit.Thehint:Apreposition.Task3ASpeechContest

Haveyouevermadespeechesinpublic?Whendeliveringspeeches,differentlanguagestylesshouldbecarefullyconsidered.ListentoanextractfromthefamousspeechbyMartinLutherKing,Jr.“IHaveaDream〞.Thenyouwillbeassigneddifferentroles.Youaresupposedtoprepareshortspeechesbasedonthatrole.

I

Have

a

Dream

MARTINLUTHERKING,JR.

Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreedweholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandsonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.

Ihaveadreamthatoneday,eventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.

Ihaveadreammyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Task3ASpeechContest

Directions:Nowchoosefromtherolesgivenandtrytomakeaspeechon“MyMethodstoLearnEnglish”.Rolesforyoutochoose:WeatherforecasterPoliticianrunningforelectionGraduationspeakerStudentlecturerTask3ASpeechContestStudentLecturer—MyMethodstoLearnEnglishWhenIenteredauniversity,IfoundthatmyEnglishwastoopoorandEnglishseemedharderthanever.Aftersometimeofcarefulthinking,Imadeupmymindtostudyhardertograspit.ThefirstproblemIfacedwasvocabulary.Inordertosolveit,IbegantoreadmoreEnglisharticlesonhistory,politics,literature,economyetc.Ofcourse,theearlyexperiencewasexhausting.Itriedmybesttoavoidusingadictionary.ButwhenIgotusedtoit,itbecameinteresting.TwomonthslaterIfoundsurprisinglythatIcouldreadanarticlemorefluently!Practicemoreandimprovemore.Thisisalaw.Task4VideoClipSuccessfullanguagelearningrequireshardtrainingandcontinuouspractice.MyFairLadywillshowyouhowtoimproveEnglishpronunciation.Afterseeingthevideo,exchangegoodlanguagelearningexperienceswithyourclassmates.Task4VideoClipClicktostopandclickagaintocontinueTask5ProverbsandSayingsActionsspeaklouderthanwords.Beswifttohear,slowtospeak.Byreadingweenrichthemind,byconversationwepolishit.Awordspokenispastrecalling.事实胜于雄辩。读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。听宜敏捷，言宜缓行。

一言既出，驷马难追。SpeakingDifferentLanguagesWorkingroupstoanswerthefollowingquestions.Accordingtothearticle,whathelpedtosolvetheproblemswithrelationshipsbetweenMartiansandVenusians?

BothMartiansandVenusianswereabletosolvesuchrelationship-linkedproblemsbecausetheycouldrecognizethattheyweredifferent.Oneofthesecretsoftheirsuccesswasgoodcommunication.Accordingtothearticle,theycouldcommunicatewellbecause,interestingly,theyspokedifferentlanguages.Doyouagreethatmenandwomenseldommeanthesamethingsevenwhentheyusethesamewords?Arethereanyexamplesinthearticlethatmaysupportyourpointofview?Yes,Iagree.Malespeakersaremoredirect,andfemalespeakersaremoreindirectortactful.Forinstance,whenawomansays,“Ifeellikeyouneverlisten.〞shedoesnotexpecttheword“never〞tobetakenliterally.Usingtheword“never〞isjustawayofexpressingthefrustrationsheisfeelingatthemoment.Itisnottobetakenasifitwerefactualinformation.Theauthorhereskillfullyappliesanalogue(类比)

intothecommunicationproblembetweenmenandwomen.1.Oneofthesecretsofsuccessindealingwithrelationshipis

thegoodcommunicationbetweenMartiansandVenusians.(Para.1)2.Howdidtheycommunicatewellthoughtheyspokedifferentlanguages?(Para.2)3.PeoplefromMarsandpeoplefromVenusexperiencedatrustandacceptancethatwerarelyexperiencetoday.(Para.3)CommunicationBetweenMartiansandVenusians(Para.1—3)CommunicationBetweenMenandWomen(Para.4—9)1.Menandwomenseldommeanthesamethingsevenwhentheyusethesamewords.(Para.4)2.Tencommoncomplaintsthatareeasilymisinterpreted.

(Para.5—9)1)Whentheyhadproblems,

theywouldjustgotoatranslatorforassistance.

2)Whentherewasaconflicttheydidn’tstartjudgingorfightingbutinstead

pulledouttheirphrasedictionariestounderstandeachothermorefully.Forexample,ifawomansays,“Ifeellikeyouneverlisten”,“never”isjustawayofexpressingthefrustrationsheisfeelingatthemoment.Sowhencommunicationproblemsemerged,theyassumeditwasjustoneofthoseexpectedmisunderstandingsandthatwithalittleassistancetheywouldsurelyunderstandeachother.(Line14)此句中，assume后跟了两个宾语从句，一句为

itwasjustoneofthoseexpectedmisunderstandings,另一句为

thatwithalittleassistancetheywouldsurelyunderstandeachother。值得注意的是当两个从句并列时，后一个从句的引导词往往不可省略，以显示句子间的关系。此句中的that就是这一用法。因此，当交流出现问题的时候，他们认为误解是必然的，这只是众多误解中的一个。同时，在些许帮助下，他们必定能够彼此理解。Sowhencommunicationproblemsemerged,theyassumeditwasjustoneofthoseexpectedmisunderstandingsandthatwithalittleassistancetheywouldsurelyunderstandeachother.(Line14)Itisnottobetakenasifitwerefactualinformation.(Line22)asif所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所表达的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：谈论现在情形，动词用过去时。

a)Whyisshelookingatmeasifsheknewme?她为什么那样看我？像是认识我似的。b)Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.他表现出来的样子好似这个房子是属于他的。谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：1)过去时，表示过去的状态，如：Hestoodtherelookingatmeandlaughing,asif

tofoolmewasthebestjokeintheworld.他站在那里，望着我哈哈大笑，好似愚弄我是天底下最开心的事儿似的。Mr.Colemanalwaystalkedasif

hekneweverything.科尔曼先生说话时总是一副无所不知的样子。但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语,那么用过去完成时：Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们说话的样子仿佛是多年的朋友。过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：a)Itwasasifhehadlosthislastfriend.他好似再没有朋友了。“Iremember,〞shetellsherchildrennow,“howwildherwhitehairlooked—asifithadbeenelectrified.〞她现在给她的孩子们说：“我还记得她那白色的头发有多么凌乱——好似过了电似的。〞必须注意的是，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，asif

从句中的动词也要用过去完成时。a)Shelooksasifshehadseenaghost.她好似是见了鬼似的。HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherehimself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好似他去过那里似的。如果asif后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，那么动词可以用陈述语气，在feel,look,seem,smell,sound,taste之后尤其如此。Hewalksasifheisdrunk.Hewalksasifheweredrunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了〞，第二句那么表示“他没有醉〞。不要把它当作真实的意思来理解。Itisnottobetakenasifitwerefactualinformation.(Line22)Aman’sliteraltranslationof“Idon’tfeelheard〞leadshimtotakethewoman’scomplaintlightly.(Line47)takesth.lightly/seriously把······不当回事/认真对待······联合国敦促各金融机构更加认真对待水资源短缺问题。UNurgesfinancialinstitutionstotakewaterscarcitymoreseriously.当今时代，世界上还有一半人口遭受着饥荒,健康状况不良以及生活质量低下，我们决不能再轻视人口问题。Atatimewhenhalfoftheworldissufferingfromstarvation,poorhealthandadeplorablylowstandardoflivingwesimplycannottakelightlythepopulationproblem.男人从字面上去理解“没人听我讲话”，这使他对女人的抱怨不当回事。Aman’sliteraltranslationof“Idon’tfeelheard〞leadshimtotakethewoman’scomplaintlightly.(Line47)1.

encounter

(Line1,Para.1)vt.findoneselffacedby(danger,difficulties,etc.),meet(anenemyorenemies);meetunexpectedly(afriend,etc.)遭遇（危险，困难）；遭逢（敌人）；邂逅（友人）情景造句：Describeyourprocessofpursuingsuccess.Encounteringdifficultiesintheprocessofpursuingsuccessisquitenormal.在追求成功的过程中遇到困难是很正常的事情。ThatMuslim______________________________________onhiswaytoMeccatomakeapilgrimage.在前往麦加朝圣的路上，那位穆斯林意外地遇到了一位来自中国的老友。wasencounteredwithanoldfriendfromChinan.suddenorunexpected(esp.hostile)meeting(with)遭遇（尤指与敌人，与介词with连用）___________________________________resultedinaseriousinjuryintheAmericansoldier’sleftarm.与基地组织一分支遭遇致使那位美军士兵左臂受重伤。AnencounterwithabranchofAl-Qaeda2.

assistance

(Line6,Para.2)n.help;aid帮助；援助我可以帮你什么忙吗？

CanIbeofanyassistancetoyou?Chinesegovernmentispreparedto___________________tothatquake-strickenAfricancountry.〔提供经济援助〕Theidentityofworldchampion_____________________LiuGuoliangtobecomeoneoftheyoungestheadcoachesofChinesenationaltabletennisteam.〔有着很大的帮助〕givefinancialassistanceisofgreatassistancefor

动词形式：assist=help

（正式用语）帮助；援助

他乐意帮助那些单亲家庭的孩子重返校园。Heiswillingtoassistthosechildrenfromthesingle-parentfamiliestogobacktoschool.

aid,assistance与helpaid多指因处于困境或危难之时需要别人的帮助或援救。Heiswillingtogototheaidofthoseill-fatedpeople.e.g.

他愿意去帮助那些不幸的人。assistance主要指在共同工作中对所属的局部工作做出奉献。assistance不一定都是在紧迫的情况下提供帮助。help的用法最为普遍，assistance最为正式，aid次之。help往往是出于同情而提供帮助。Hehasalreadygivenusalotofhelp.e.g.他已经给了我们很多的帮助。

3.

conflict

(Line8,Para.2)n.1)fight;struggle;quarrel战争；斗争；争执这是一场严重的争执，有可能导致武装冲突。

Thisisaseriousdispute,andcouldleadtoarmedconflict.Thereisagrowingconflictofinterestbetweenherpositionasapoliticianandherbusinessactivities.她从政者的身份和她的商务活动之间的利益冲突日益严重。2)(ofopinion,desires,etc.)opposition;difference（指意见，欲望等）相左；冲突；抵触他的陈述明显与其他证据相抵触。Hisstatementwasapparentlyinconflict

withotherevidence.vi.beinoppositionordisagreement

相反，抵触，冲突

他们对于那起车祸原因的报告与我们的报告出入很大。Theiraccountoftheroadaccidentconflicts

withours.4.

pullout

(Line8,Para.2)1)takesomethingoutofabag,pocket,orcupboard拿出Thatdisarmingyoungman__________________________________toshowtothetwostrangersinthesamecarriage.(AdaptedfromFengXiaogang’s2005newyearmovieAWorldWithoutThieves)那个毫无戒心的年轻人从包里拿出自己所有的钱给同车厢的两个陌生人看。〔编自冯小刚2005年贺岁片?天下无贼?〕pulledoutall

hismoneyfromhisbag2)useforcetotakesomethingfromwhereitisfixedorheld拔出，拉出情景造句：拔牙You’dbetterhavethatbadtoothpulledouttomorrow.情景造句：拔掉瓶子的盖子

Pullingout

thelidofthatbottleneedsgreatstrength.5.

emerge

(Line14,Para.3)vi.1)comeintoview;appear

出现；现出（与from连用）太阳从云后出现。

Thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.2)(offacts,ideas)appear;becomeknown（指事实，意见）暴露；显出；出现他才是杀人凶手的事实在审问(interrogation)中被暴露出来。Thatfactthathewasjustthemurdereremergedfromthe

interrogation.讨论中没有出现新的想法。

Nonewideasemergedduringthediscussion.appear与emerge这两个词都是不及物动词。均可指人或事物的出现或显露，也可以指抽象概念，如思想观念的暴露，事实或问题的揭露等等。emerge后常接介词from。有时表示经过调查、询问之后才使事实、思想或问题暴露出来；appear在作系动词时，与seem用法相似，表示“看起来〞、“显得〞等意思，其后可接不定式、形容词或介词短语。请选择

appear或emerge的适当形式填空。Thatman_______tobeyourpartnerbutI’minvestigatingifhereallyis.Eventuallythetruthofthematter________.Asmile________onhisface.Quiteafewsuccessfulbusinessmen_________frompoorfamilies.appearsemergedappeared

emerged6.

assume

(Line14,Para.3)vt.1)believesomethingistruewithoutdefiniteproof

假定,假设,臆想Americannationalbasketballteamisnotasunconquerableasyouassumedittobe.美国国家篮球队并不像你想象的那样不可战胜。我们先假定他的说法是可信的。Letusfirstassumehisstatementtobebelievable.2)takeup;undertake担任；承担Herfather______________________inthatstate-ownedenterprise.〔担任领导职务〕Youshould________________________ofwhatyouhavedone.〔承担所有的责任〕名词形式：assumption

assumesaleadingpositionassumealltheresponsibilitiesassume,

guess,

imagine与suppose这几个词都表示对客观情况在未证实以前就做出主观的推

断或提出自己的看法与设想。suppose(vt.)表示“想〞、“认为〞时，可以接从句或者复合宾语〔补足语多为tobe,其他情况多用不定式的完成时或进行时〕。1)Isuppose(that)we’llmeethimatthathotel.我想我们将在那家酒店见他。2)Fewpeoplesupposedthatyoungman(tobe)innocent.没多少人认为那个年轻人是清白的。3)HisbrotherwassupposedtohavealreadyleftforEngland.大家以为他的弟弟已经动身去了英格兰。suppose的设想还有某些根据，而guess(vt./vi.)那么有随意性，只是随便的猜测，其后也可接从句。如果guess后接answer,riddle,thought等词，可作“猜着了〞理解。1)

Canyouguessmyage?你能猜出我的年龄吗？2)GuesswhatIamdoing.猜猜我在做什么。3)Thelittlegirlguessedtherightanswerimmediately.

那个小女孩儿立刻猜着了正确答案。imagine(vt.)是指思想中形成的图景，想象或猜测某事物可能发生或存在，往往没有什么根据和把握。其后的宾语除名词和代词外，还可接动名词、复合宾语和从句。1)

CanyouimagineherbecomingafamoushostessofCCTV?

你能想象她成了中央电视台的著名主持人吗？2)YoucannotimaginehowhappyIwastoknowthatmydaughterwasstillalive.你无法想象当我得知女儿还活着的时候有多么快乐。assume(vt.)的“假设〞往往强调以某种设想或条件〔并未证明〕作根据进行推论，用法较正式。其后可接复合宾语和that从句。e.g.Sheassumesthatyoualwaysgetupatthesametime.她想你总是在同一个时间起床。请选择assume,guess,imagine或suppose的适当形式填空。Ifailedto________herthought.Theyare_________toarriveonthesixo’clock

passengertrainfromLondon.Hesaidhecould_________thesceneclearlyinhismind.Thatyoungman_________thegirltobeawarm-hearted

traveler,butshewasinfactathief.Itmightbesafely_________thatthereareno

creatureson

themoon.guesssupposedimaginesupposedassumed7.exaggerate

(Line23,Para.5)v.saysomethingisbetter,worseormoreimportantthanitreallyis夸大，夸张那场商业演出的意义被明显夸大了。

Thesignificanceofthatcommercialperformance___________________________.ThedeadlyearthquakeandtsunamibreakingoutinSoutheastAsiainDecember2004wassoseriousthatthefinaldeathtoll_______________________atfirst.2004年12月发生在东南亚地区的地震和海啸非常严重，以致于死难者总人数乍听起来都略显夸张。hasbeenobviouslyexaggeratedsoundedabitexaggerating8.

ignore

(Line32,Para.5)

vt.takenonoticeof,refusetopayattentionto

不顾，不理，忽视情景造句：水资源短缺问题

Peopleallovertheworldshouldnotignoreseverewatershortageproblems.情景造句：她不理睬我Isaidhellotoher,butsheignoredmecompletely.情景造句：驾驶员闯红灯Agooddriverneverignoresaredlight.9.

convey

(Line42,Para.6)v.1)communicateinformationoramessage

表达，传递我将不得不把那个坏消息告诉他。

Iwillhavetoconveythatbadnewstohim.Theleadersofthelocalgovernment____________________________totherelativesofthatsacrificialfireman.当地政府领导向那位牺牲的消防员的家属表示了最深切的慰问。deepestsympathyconveyedtheir2)transportorcarry运送，载送，输送Thosetruckshadsecretlyconveyedweaponstothelocalanti-USforces.那些卡车已经把武器秘密地运给了当地的反美武装部队。Abusconveyedthepassengersfromthecitytotheairport.公共汽车把旅客从城里运送到了机场。10.

onthevergeof

(Line53,Para.9)verycloseto,ontheborderof接近于，濒于Herhusband’sdeathalmostpushedher______________________________.(精神崩溃的边缘)ZhaoBenshan’shumorousperformanceevenmadehisserious-lookingfather_____________________.(差点儿笑出来)ofemotionalcollapseonthevergeoflaughing

FamoussingerKrisPhillipsis_________________.(年近50了)onthevergeonthevergeoffifty

找人帮忙言语是传递信息的一种方式。没人关心我。没把他的话当回事他俩就要吵起来了。gotosb.forassistance/helpSpeechisameansofconveyinginformation.Idon’tfeelheard.

totakehiswordslightly

Theyareonthevergeofarguing.CommunicationProblems省略介词介词的省略翻译包括两种情况，一种是英文的句型借助介词构成固定搭配用汉语无法译出，一种是有些介词短语如时间、地点状语中的介词可省。

Theyaccusedhimofstealingthejewels.他们控告他偷了珠宝。〔固定搭配，无法译出〕Inspiteofalltheevidenceagainsthim,herefusedtoadmitto

theallegation.尽管种种证据对他不利，他仍然拒不辩白。〔固定搭配，无法译出〕Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.〔地点状语〕

公共场所严禁吸烟。Onthe14thofMarch,at

aquartertothreeintheafternoon,thegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.３月１４日下午２点４５分，当代最伟大的思想家停止了思考。〔时间，地点状语〕省略连词汉语词语之间连接词用得不多，其上下文逻辑关系常常表现为暗含，由词语的次序来表示。英语那么不然，连接词用得比较多。例如，英语因果句中一般用连接词表示因果，而汉语那么往往通过词序〔即前因后果〕来表示因果关系，译文“因为······所以〞往往可以省略。再如，表示条件的连词if，译文“假设、如果〞在大多数情况下可以省略。再如，表示时间关系的when,as，如果汉语时间先后次序明显，为了简略，译文“当······时〞往往可以省略。Helookedgloomyandtroubled.他看上去有些忧郁不安。〔并列连词〕IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedinit.早知如此，我就不参加了。〔条件连词〕Whatcouldmarriagemeanifwedidnotfeelourselvescapableoflove?连爱都爱不起来，还谈什么婚姻？〔条件连词〕CommunicationProblems

学生反映表述不清的主要问题:1.使用了多余的词、不必要的从句和短语，使意思重复、行文罗嗦、表达累赘。2.使用修饰语时，因修饰语所处位置不当而产生歧义。3.追求难词怪句，以为这种句子能得高分。4.汉化英语令读者不知所云。同一层次、相关的意思用同一种句型表达，适当合并“同类项〞。2.使用修饰语时，一定要把修饰词、短语或从句与它真正被修饰的词靠近。3.真正的经典名句都是用朴实无华的语言揭示生活哲理。学生选取寻常的表达式，同样可传达真知灼见。不要想当然地杜撰；要想方设法利用自己有把握的表达手段清晰准确地表述。你在写下面这篇作文时，将如何运用上面的方法写出表述清晰的文章？

Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic:HowtoAvoidMisunderstandings.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.误解在日常生活中十分普遍；2.要防止误解有许多方法；3.只要注意，很多误解可以防止。没有误解，生活会更美好。HowtoAvoidMisunderstandings?Misunderstandingsmayfrequentlyoccurinoureverydaylife.Forexample,thereisamisunderstandingwhenpeopleusethesamewordsbutdonotmeanthesamethings.Misunderstandingmayalsoarisebetweenpeoplewhobehavedifferently.Misunderstandingeachothermaycausealotoftroubleinourdailylife.Manyaquarrelhascomeaboutthroughmisunderstanding.Generationgapsappearbecauseofmisunderstandings.Aseriousmisunderstanding

fractures(使······破裂)friendship.Whenacouplemisunderstandeachotherbadly,marriageislikelytobrea