21世纪大学英语英语课文讲解unit1(B)

TextBLittleSisterofthePoor1.MotherTeresa(1910~1997)MotherTeresa,aRomanCatholicnun,wasborntoAlbanianparentsinYugoslavia.Sheisknownas“theSaintoftheGutters”forbringingcomfortanddignitytothedestitute贫穷的.Shefoundedanorder(MissionariesofCharity)whichisnotedforitsworkamongthepoorandthedyinginCalcutta,India,andthroughouttheworld.MotherTeresawasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1979.2.RomanCatholicChurchTheRomanCatholicChurch,alsocalledtheCatholicChurchortheChurchofRome,istheChristianChurchwithadministrativeheadquartersintheVatican,ofwhichthepope,ortheBishopofRomeisthesupremehead.3.JohnPaulII(1920~)JohnPaulIIisthefirstnon-ItalianPolishPopeinthehistoryoftheRomanCatholicchurch.HewaselectedpopeonOct.16,1978.JohnPaulIIisaconservativepopewhofirmlyholdstraditionalCatholicviews.4.ChernobylTheworld’sworstnuclear-reactoraccidentoccurredattheChernobyl(Ukraine)nuclearpowerplantonApr.26,1986.Theaccidentcausedtheimmediatedeathof31people,whilemanyotherssufferedradioactivecontamination污染.6.theNobelPrizeAnyoftheprizes(fiveinnumberuntil1969,whenasixthwasadded)thatareawardedannuallybyfourinstitutions(threeSwedishandoneNorwegian)fromafundestablishedunderthewillofAlfredBernhardNobel.DistributionwasbegunonDec.10,1901,thefifthanniversaryofthedeathofthefounder,whosewillspecifiedthattheawardsshouldannuallybemade“tothosewho,duringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferredthegreatestbenefitonmankind.”Thefiveprizesestablishedbyhiswillare:theNobelPrizeforPhysics;theNobelPrizeforChemistry;theNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine;theNobelPrizeforLiterature;andtheNobelPrizeforPeace.Anadditionalaward,thePrizeforEconomicSciencesinMemoryofAlfredNobel,wassetupin1968bytheBankofSweden,andthefirstawardwasgivenin1969.TextAnalysis:PartI(Para1-3)deathoftheMotherTeresaandthepublicresponse1.(para.1)MotherTeresaservedthedyinganddesperateallovertheworld.2.(para.2)MotherTeresadiedofillnessandmanypeoplefeltpersonalgriefoverherdeath.3.(para.3)MotherTeresawasregardedasalivingsaintandwhatshedidtranscendedtheboundariesofreligionandnationality.PartII(para.4~8)ThedevelopmentofMotherTeresa’scauseandcountlessactsofmercyPartIII(para.9~11)MotherTeresagainedfameandhonoraswellascriticism.Heractwillberememberedbypeople.Words&Expressions:1.Hospitalizevt.(usu.pass.)put(aperson)intohospital[常被动]送…进医院治疗Hehospitalizespatientsforminorailments.他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。MrsSmithseriouslyillalreadyhospitalize.史密斯夫人病重已住院。Youmusthospitalizerightnow.你必须立即住院。Hecomplainedofheadache.She’sbeencomplainingofabadbackrecently.Thepatientiscomplainingofacuteearache.2.~tosb:tellformallythatsthiswrongYoucancomplaintothemangeriftheserviceispoorhere.She’dcomplainedtothepoliceifwemadeanymorenoise.Mysisterisalwayscomplainingtomeofherheavyplaintn不满,投诉,控告3.Summonvt.~sbtosth;~sbtogetherrequestorordersbtocome召唤，传唤Thepolicesummonedthewitness.警察传证人。Theysummoned(up)theircouragetomeetthedeadline.他们努力要在终止日期前完工。Hewassummonedtoappearincourtasawitness.他被传唤出庭作证。Hecamedownstairsandsummonedhertohisstudy.他下楼将她叫到书房去。Theyhadtosummonasecondconferenceandchangethepreviousdecision.他们不得不召集第二次会议,改变以前的决定。Summonthepupilstogetherintheschoolhall.Theshareholdersweresummonedbymybosstoageneralmeeting.Iwassummonedbymyboss(toexplainmyactionsSummonthepupilstogetherintheschoolhall.4.streetpeople：peoplelivinginslumswho,esp.duringthesummer,spendmuchoftheirtimesittingonbuildingsteps,standingonthesidewalktalking,orvisitingneighborsandlocalstores;thelocalpeopleofacrowdedneighborhood.街头流浪者4.gesturen1.expressivemovementofapartofthebody,espthehandorhead姿势，手势makearudegesturewithagestureofdespaircommunicatingbygesture2.~sth(tosb)conveysthbymakinggestures姿态，表示(尤指友好的表示)。Shegesturedherdisapproval.Hegestured(tome)thatitwastimetogo.Hegesturedtothemtokeepquiet5.Abandonvt.desert;leavecompletelyandforever抛弃；放弃abandonafriendintrouble.抛弃处于危难中的朋友abandonone’sidea放弃自己的想法Heabandonedhiswifeandchild.他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。Theyabandonthemselvestodrinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。Donotabandonyourselftodespair.不要悲观失望。Thebrokenbikewasfoundabandonedbytheriverside.发现那辆坏自行车被扔在河边。Hefinallyabandonedhisreformistideas.他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。6.transcend:v.1.gobeyondtherangeof(humanexperience,belief,powersofdescription,)超出，超过,超越transcenddescription没法形容Thesizeoftheuniversetranscendshumanunderstanding.Hislatestworktranscendsanythinghehaseverwritten.Suchmatterstranscendman'sknowledge,ieWecannotknowaboutthem.2.~sb/sth(insth)bemuchbetterorgreaterthansb/sth;surpass超越Shefartranscendstheothersinbeautyandintelligence.7.Boundaryn.界限；边境Astonewallmarkedtheboundarybetweenthetwofarms.石墙是两农场的分界线。Theriveristheboundarybetweenthetwocountries.这条河是两国的界河Scienceadvancestheboundariesofknowledge.科学扩展了知识的范围。Withtheadvanceinscience,theboundariesofhumanknowledgearebeingpushedfurtherout.随着科学的发展,人类知识的范围在不断扩大。[C]：bordern.边界,边境vt.&vi.与…接界,在…的边上ScotlandbordersEngland.苏格兰和英格兰接界。BurmabordersonIndia.缅甸和印度接壤。ontheborderof在...的边界上；将要;接近于,濒临于outofborders在境外withinborders在境内overtheborder越过国境borderon与...接壤[相邻]8.Adoptvt.1.chooseasaplacetolive选…为移居；2.收养；3.采取adoptanewtechnique.采用新技术adoptanewidea.采纳新意见adoptedanairofimportance.采取自以为是的态度adoptaresolution.决议adoptanewlineofEnglishtextbooks.选择英语教材的新方式Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。[C]：adapt1.vt.&vi.(使)适应,(使)适合2.vt.改编,改写Sheknewhowtoadaptherself.她懂得如何适应环境。Shelackedtheabilitytoadapteasily.她缺少适应能力。ManyofDickens'bookshavebeenadaptedasfilms.狄更斯的许多书都已改编成电影。Themoviewasadaptedfromanovel.这部电影是由小说改编的。[U]：adaptfor使适合于;为...改编[改写]adaptfrom根据...改写[改编]adaptoneselfto使自己适应或习惯于某事adaptsth.to使某事物适应或适合[S]adaptadjustfitsuitmatch都含“适合”、“适应”的意思。adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”如:Youshouldadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.你应该适应新环境。adjust指“调整”、“调节”使之适应,如:Youcan'tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes.把望远镜调到适合处,你才看得见。fit多指“大小适合”,引伸为“吻合”,如:Theshoesadaptmewell.这鞋我穿正好。suit多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”,如:Nodishsuitsalltastes.众口难调。match指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”,如:Aredjacketdoesn'tmatchgreentrousers.红上衣与绿裤子不相配。9.Convertv.~sth(fromsth)(into/tosth)changeintoanotherform,改变(形式、状态用途)JohnhasconvertedtoBuddhism.约翰改信佛教。Theyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.他们将车库改成戏院。ThepriestconvertedmanynativesintoChristianity.牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。HewantedtoconverthisdollarsintoJapaneseyen.他想将美元换成日币。Atwhatratedoesthedollarconvertintopounds?美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑？Coalcanbeconvertedtogas.Theroomwasconvertedfromakitchentoastudy.10.Authorityn.1.(Oftenpl.)行政管理机构(或人员)；当局2.权威；权威地位acitytransitauthority城市运输当局Thebossdeclaredthathehadthelandtitleissuedbythecivilauthority.老板宣称他有民政机关签发的土地所有权状。Deputiesweregivenauthoritytomakearrests.代表们被授予拘捕权。Theprofessorisanotedauthorityonbirds.这个教授是一个著名的鸟类权威。Iboughtareferencebookoftencitedasanauthority.我买了本常被引为权威的参考书。11.range:n.[C]limitsbetweenwhichsthvaries;extent范围；幅度，一系列theannualrangeoftemperatureisfrom-10℃to40℃.每年的温度变化范围awiderangeofknowledge广博的知识therangeofone’svoice音域Thatsubjectisoutsidemy~.Thecandidatehadbroadsupportfromthelowerrangesoftheparty.该候选人在党内下层有很多支持者。vt.~betweenAandB/fromAtoB(在一定范围内)变动，变化Theirages~from25to35.Pricesrangedfrom5dollarsto10dollars.价格自五美元至十美元不等Thestudentsrangedthebooksbysize学生们把书按大小排列。Weplantorangethemedicinalherbsaccordingtotheiruse我们计划把草药按用途分类。aboundarythatrangesfromAtoB从甲地延伸到乙地的边界vi.~over论及；涉及Ourconversationrangedovermanytopics.researchesthatrangedoverawidefield范围很广的研究Thegunrangesoverfivemiles.这炮的射程可达五哩多。12.expand:v.1.increaseinsize,number,volume,degreetogrowlarge扩大;使增加Metals~whentheyareheated.Atireexpandswhenyoupumpairintoit.Hisbusinesseventuallyexpandedintoasupermarketempire.Ourforeigntradehasexpandedgreatlyinrecentyears.2.spreadout;unfold展开Thepetals花瓣oftheflowersexpandedinthesunshine.Hisfaceexpandedinasmileofwelcome.13.Domesticadj.1.notforeign本国的；国内的2.ofthehomeandfamily家庭的；家用的domestictroubles/violence家庭纠纷/暴力domesticmarkets国内市场domesticandforeignnews国内外新闻domesticanimals家畜Sheisaverydomesticsortofwoman.她是个十足的家庭妇女。Theyaresupposedtodealwithmanydomesticissuessuchastaxratesandhighwayconstruction.希望他们能够解决诸如税率和公路建设等许多国内问题。14.Irresistibleadj.sopowerfulthatonecannothelpbeinginfluenced不可抗拒的，无法抵挡的irresistiblebeauty无法抗拒的美丽anirresistibledesire不能压制的欲望.Hefeltanirresistibleimpulsetosneeze.他有抑制不住的想打喷嚏的冲动。Thesmallislandhasanoverpoweringappeal.有不可抗拒的魅力的。Hehadanirresistibledesiretorunaway.他一心想逃跑,无法抑制这个愿望。Icannotrefusethisoffer;itisirresistible.这一提议我无法拒绝,太诱人了。15.Advocatevt.拥护；提倡n.1.拥护者；提倡者2.辩护者；律师Ourpremieradvocateshighersalariesforteachers.我们的总理主张提高教师的工资。Headvocatesreformingtheprisonsystem.他主张改良监狱制度。anadvocateofpeace提倡和平的人anadvocateofcivilrights公民权利的拥护者advocatesforabusedchildrenandspouses.受虐待儿童及配偶的辩护人16.Protest:vi.~about/against/at提出异议；反对，抗议Groupsofwomentooktothestreetstoprotestagainstthearrests.Outside,agroupofstudentswereprotestingresearchtestone’sinnocence申明自己无罪protestadecision反对一项决议Hecontinuallyprotestedhisprofoundrespect.他再三声明所怀有的深深敬意。amightydemonstrationofprotestbytheworkers工人进行的强大的抗议游行示威Thedefendantprotestedthathehadneverbeennearthesceneofthecrime.被告坚决声辩他从来没有在犯罪现场附近。Sheprotestedthatshehadneverdoneit.她坚决声明她不曾做过那件事。Sheprotestshersinlessness.她声明她是清白的。17.Steady:adj.firm,notshaking;notchanging坚固的，坚定的，稳定的asteadyincreaseinvalue价值的稳定增长asteadybreeze微风习习Steadyprogress平稳进步thesteadytickoftheclock钟表一成不变的滴答声asteady,hard-workingwoman顽强、勤劳的妇女18.Uneasy:adj.1.worried;anxious心神不安的；忧虑的2.notcomfortable不舒服的Thefarmerswereuneasyuntilitfinallyrained.直到最后下雨，农民都在担心uneasywithstrangers与陌生人一起不自在anuneasysilence令人局促的寂静Hewasuneasyaboutmydecision.他对我的决定感到不安。Ifeeluneasyinfrontofanaudience.我在观众面前感到不自在。Iwasuneasyabouthisfuture.对他的未来感到担心Pplainof:saythatonehas(apain,illness,etc)诉说(痛苦等)Sheisalwayscomplainingofsomething.她总是怨天尤人。Theboycomplainedofapaininhisstomach.这孩子说他肚子痛。Ihavenothingtocomplainof.我没什么可抱怨的。2.ministerto:givehelptoorcarefor(people,esp.illpeople)照料；援助Shehadspendherlifeministeringtotheneedsofherhusband.Volunteersministeredtothehomelessaftertheflood.洪水后，志愿者向无家可归者提供帮助。Hevolunteeredtoministertothesickman’swants他志愿照顾病人需要。Iministeredtohiminhislasthours.在他临终时我在身边侍候。3.givewayto:makeconcessionto;yieldto向…让步；对…屈服Wemustnotgivewaytotheirdemands.Thechairmanspokesoforcefullythattherestofthecommitteegavewaytohisopinion.Wehavetogavewaytoanoncomingcar.我们不得不给一辆即将过来的汽车让路。Thedaygiveswayslowlytonight.白天渐渐转为黑夜。4.beidentifiedwith:getoneselfcloselyassociatedwith与…合成一体；对..有同感；Neveridentifyopinionswithfacts.永远不要把意见混同于事实。Identifyourselveswithnature天人合一Thatpoliticianiscloselyidentifiedwiththeformergovernment.该政治家被认为与前政府关系密切。Theplaywassogrippingthattheaudiencequicklyidentifiedwiththeactors.那出戏如此扣人心弦,以致观众很快和演员融为一体。Readingthisbook,wecanidentifywiththemaincharacter’sstruggle.读这本书时,我们会同情主要人物的斗争。Herefusedtobecomeidentifiedwiththenewpoliticalparty.Difficultsentences:1.WhensheappearedatthesideofJohnPaulII,itwasthepopewhostoodinthetinynun’sshadow.（para3）当她出现在约翰·保罗二世的身边时，是教皇站在了这位瘦小的修女的阴影之中。分析：LiterallythesentencemeansthatwhenMotherTeresastoodbesidePopeJohnPaulII,thelatterlookedevensmallerthanthesmallfigureofMotherTeresa;butwhatisactuallyimpliedisthatthepopeseemedtobelessgreatorlessimportantwhencomparedwithMotherTeresa.stand/liveinone’sshadow.生活在…势力或影响之下eg;hehadtoliveintheshadowofhisfamousfather.2.“BybloodandoriginIamAlbanian,”sheoncesaidofherself.“MycitizenshipisIndian.IamaCatholicnun.Astomycalling,Ibelongtotheworld.”（para3）Paraphrase---IcomefromAlbanianparentsandwasborninAlbanian“从血统和原籍讲，我是阿尔巴尼亚人，”她曾这样谈到自己，“我的公民身份是印度人。我是一名主教修女。就我的神职而言，我属于全世界。”3.ThechildrencalledherMotherTeresa,andthatiswhoshebecame.（para4）Paraphrase---ThechildrencalledherMotherTeresa,andthatisthekindofpersonshebecameknownasMotherTeresaandactinglikeamothertowardsthechildren.孩子们叫她德肋撒嬷嬷，而她也的确成了妈妈。4.Withthatexperienceanewvocation—andanewreligiousorder—wasborn.（para4）Paraphrase---asaresultofexperience(withthedyingwoman),anewtask—andanewreligiouscommunity—wasformed.随着这番经历，一个新的使命——也是一个新的宗教团体——诞生了。5.Andtothatend,shegatheredasmallgroupofnunsaroundher.（para4）Paraphrase---andforthatgoal/purpose,shecalledtogetherasmallgroupofnunstoworkwithher.为了这个目标，她在自己周围聚集了