博士读书报告课件

Three-dimensionalreconstructionofurogenitaltractfromVisibleKoreanHuman

1.preface2.Objective3.Materialsandmethods4.Results5.Discussion6.Enlightenment7.referencescontents

“数字人”（DigitalHuman）又称为“可视人”（VisibleHuman）或“虚拟人”（VirtualHuman）。是通过计算机技术，将人体结构数字化，在电脑屏幕上出现看得见的、能够调控的虚拟人体形像。还可以通过虚拟仿真的技术处理,出现动画式的虚拟动作。据科技部基础司和香山科学会议主编的2003年科学前沿报告《数字化虚拟人体以及我国的研究进展》中的表述，在世纪之交，生命科学研究中有两个值得重视的发展方向：一个是功能基因组学的研究，另一个是数字化虚拟人体的建设。前言什么是“数字人”？第一阶段------数字化可视人第二阶段------数字化物理人第三阶段------数字化生理人第四阶段------数字化智能人数字人的研究分四个阶段

“数字人”作为一种科学技术研究的载体，有广阔的应用前景。凡是涉及与人体结构有关的、用先进的信息科学技术为研究手段的项目，都必须要有这个基础性的框架。航天航空:若能在“数字人”框架上，赋予组织或器官对失重变化和宇宙辐射敏感的性能，就有可能替代动物实验，为航天员的保障防护提供对策和依据；体育竞技:若能模拟运动员在最佳成绩瞬间的动作，就可以帮助教练员拟订科学训练方案；国防建设:若能将人体组织器官对环境影响因素的反应加以收录，就能替代真人接受伤害性武器实验；医学教育和科研:最先受到关注，发展最快、应用最广。特别是以人体结构和功能为主要研究对象的医学领域，更具发展的前景；舞蹈编排；影视虚拟；服装设计；驾驶室设计。“数字人”的覆盖范围数据库特点----美、韩数字人美国VHP数据集：男，切片间距1mm，总切片数为1878片；女性切片间距0.33mm，总切片数为5189片，配有相应CT及头部MRI，无血管灌注，有3段数据缺损，男性有手术史。首例韩国数字人数据库切片间距0.2mm总切片数近9000片，为淋巴瘤病人，无血管灌注。中国首例数字化可视人体数据集：男，有血管灌注，切片层距1.0mm，分辨率3072×2048像素，每个断层图象３６ＭＢ，有相应层面的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ(1.0T)检查对照。女：切片层距0.5mm（张绍祥）。ＶＣＨ－Ｆ１：有血管灌注，切片层距0.2mm共8556张，分辨率3024×2016像素，每个断层图象17.5ＭＢ，ＣＴ层距1mm共1718张，ＭＲＩ层距2mm，共802张(钟世镇)。其后数据集主要是技术改进、质量提高，并开发小儿数据集。数据库特点----中国数字人

topresentaninteractivethreedimensional(3D)modelofthemaleurogenitaltract.Inordertoachievethispurpose,theurogenitaltractandadjacentanatomicalstructuresweredividedintoitsdifferentpartsonanatomicalimagesoftheVisibleKoreanHuman(VKH)andthenarrangedinapiletobuilda3Dvector-basedmodel.ObjectiveMaterialsandmethods

precisesegmentedimagesweremadeonthebasisofseriallysectionedanatomicalimagesofhumanbody.Theadvantageofthisdataset,comparedwithcomputedtomographsormagneticresonanceimages,isthatallanatomicalstructuresareclearlyvisible.[1]VisibleKoreanHuman（VKH）dataset.

（forthefollowingreasons）:

theVKHincludedanintacturogenitaltractinmanof33yearsofage.[7](figure3)

theVKHincludedamalesubjectwithprecisebodycontourandposition.[6]

(figure2)

theVKHincludedhigh-qualityanatomicalimages.[8]

(figure4)

theVKHalreadyincludedsegmentedimages.[6,9]

SURFdriversoftware.[2-5](figure1)WeusedtheanatomicalandsegmentedimagesoftheVKHfromkidneystotestes.TheVKHoftheentirebodyincluded8,590anatomicalimageswith0.2mmintervals.Amongthem,weselectedtheimagesfromtopoftheleftkidneytobottomofthetestes;asaresult,2,200images(numbers,2,601to4,800)ofanatomicalimageswereprepared.Successively,weselectedeveryfiveslice;asaresult,440images(numbers:2,605,2,610,2,615……4,800)ofanatomicalandsegmentedimageswith1mmintervalswereprepared.Three-dimensionalimagesoftheurogenitaltractandadjacentanatomicalstructures,whicharedisplayedopaquelywithexceptionofthesemitransparenturinarybladderandprostate.1,rightkidney;2,leftkidney;3,rightureter;4,leftureter;5,urinarybladder(innerandouterboundaries);6,prostate;7,leftseminalvesicle;8,urethra;9,rightductusdeferens;10,righttestis;11,rectum;12,inferiorvenacava;13,abdominalaorta;14,leftrenalvein;15,superiormesentericartery;16,leftrenalartery.

Three-dimensionalmodeloftheurogenitaltractwithbonesafterremovaloftheotheranatomicalstructures.

resultThree-dimensionalmodelofthepelvisafterremovaloftheleftiliacbone.

Zoomed3Dmodelofthepelvis.

Discussion

All3Dimagesmadeinthisresearchwillbepresentedworldwidefreeofchargeeitheronlineoroffline.Theinteractive3Dmodelisexpectedtohelpmedicalstudentsforthestudyofanatomy.Inaddition,the3Dmodelisexpectedtohelpmedicaldoctorsexplainurologicaldiseasestopatients.

Theefficiencyofthis3Dmodelingtooltolearnanatomyandassurgicalsimulatorshasbeensuccessfulforteachingstudents(Pughetal.,[2])aswellforpatientsbeforeoperations(Hermann,[3]).Also,ithasbeencomparedtoothertoolsandisofbettereducationalvaluethankstothedirectmanipulationofsegmented3Dgraphicalmodelsbytheuser.

First,additionalanatomicalstructuresneedtobesegmented.Forexample,thepelvicdiaphragmandperinealmuscles,therenalcortex,renalpyramids,minorcalices,majorcalices,renalpelvisandbulbourethralglandsinakidneyneedtobefurthersegmented.PossibleImprovementsoftheResearchSecond,3Dmodelsneedtobemadebysolidmodeling.[10]

Third,virtualdissectionwithvariousfunctionsneedstobetried.[11]references[1].UhlJF,ParkJS,ChungMS,DelmasV.Three-dimensionalreconstructionofurogenitaltractfromVisibleKoreanHuman.AnatRecADiscovMolCellEvolBiol.2006Aug;288(8):893-9.[2].AmeilM,DelattreJF,CordobesB,FlamentJB.1984.Computerizedreconstructionofananatomicalstructurebasedondigitizedsections:preliminarystudy.AnatClin5:261-264.[3].LozanoffS,DiewertVM.1989a.Acomputergraphicsprogramformeasuringtwo-andthree-dimensionalformchangeindevelopingcraniofacialcartilagesusingfinite-elementmethods.ComputBiomedRes22:63-82.

[4].LozanoffS,DiewertVM.1989b.DevelopmentalmorphologyoftheSolumNasiinthemouselemure(Microcebusmurinus).JMorphol202:409-424.[5].MoodyD,LozanoffS.1997.SURFdriver:apracticalcomputerprogramforgeneratingthree-dimensionalmodelsofanatomicalstructures.Honolulu,Hawaii:14thAnnualMeetingoftheAmericanAssociationofClinicalAnatomists.[6].ParkJS,ChungMS,HwangSB,LeeYS,HarDH,ParkHS.2005a.VisibleKoreanHuman:improvedseriallysectionedimagesoftheentirebody.IEEETransMedImaging24:352-360.

[7].SpitzerVM,AckermanMJ,ScherizingerAL,WhitlockDG.1996.TheVisibleHumanmale:atechnicalreport.JAmMedInformAssoc3:118-130.[8].ZhangSX,HengPA,LiuZJ,TanLW,etal.2003.CreationoftheChineseVisibleHumandataset.AnatRecBNewAnat275:190-195.[9].ParkJS,ChungMS,HwangSB,LeeYS,HarDH.2005b.TechnicalreportonsemiautomaticsegmentationusingtheAdobePhotoshop.JDigitImaging18:333-343.[10].BoissonnatJD.1988.Shapereconstructionfromplanarcrosssections.ComputVisGraphImageProc44:1-29.

[11].SchiemannT,FreudenbergJ,PflesserB,PommertA,PriesmeyerK,RiemerM,SchubertR,TiedeU,HhneKH.2002.ExploringtheVisibleHumanusingtheVOXEL-MANframework.ComputMedImagingGraph24:127-132.谢谢大家！首先是要建立一个人体框架，技术要点是将人体切成许多横断面，这就是通常称之为人体的数据集，数据集的各个二维平面的图像数字化处理后，可以输入计算机，经过三维重建技术，出现立体的可视人体图像。（三维重建→可视器官、手术计划等）。数字化可视