电子商务与贸易实务

ECANDBUSINESSOPERATION电子商务与贸易实务请用5分钟书面回答以下问题，答完后请在课后交过来：企业名称，规模，行业，产品姓名，职位，学历，就业时间你家里有没有计算机，能不能上网，对你的计算机应用能力进行评价。你所在单位计算机有多少台，有无网络，能不能上网，有没有网站，有没有信箱，利用率如何。你，以及单位，在与其他机构，如政府部门之间的文件交换是什么形式？政府部门有没有要求这你或单位提供电子文档？单位有没有计算机管理系统？如ERP，如有，利用水平如何。单位有没有集成制造系统，如有，利用率如何？WHATISEC什么是电子商务DefinitionsandContentofFieldElectronicCommerce(EC)iswherebusinesstransactionstakeplaceviatelecommunicationsnetworks,especiallytheInternet.Electroniccommercedescribesthebuyingandsellingofproducts,services,andinformationviacomputernetworksincludingtheInternet.TheinfrastructureforECisanetworkedcomputingenvironmentinbusiness,home,andgovernment.E-BusinessdescribesthebroadestdefinitionofEC.Itincludescustomerserviceandintrabusinesstasks.ItisfrequentlyusedinterchangeablywithEC.PureVs.PartialElectronicCommerceThreedimensionstheproduct(service)sold[physical/digital];theprocess[physical/digital]thedeliveryagent(orintermediary)[physical/digital]TraditionalcommercealldimensionsarephysicalPureECalldimensionsaredigitalPartialECallotherpossibilitiesincludeamixofdigitalandphysicaldimensionsPhysicalagentDigitalagentDigitalProductPhysicalProductPhysicalprocessDigitalprocessVirtualprocessVirtualdeliveryagentVirtualproductElectroniccommerceareasThecoreofelectroniccommerceTheDimensionsofElectronicCommerceTraditionalcommerceAmarketisanetworkofinteractionsandrelationshipswhereinformation,products,services,andpaymentsareexchanged.Themarkethandlesallthenecessarytransactions.Anelectronicmarketisaplacewhereshoppersandsellersmeetelectronically.Inelectronicmarkets,sellersandbuyersnegotiate,submitbids,agreeonanorder,andfinishtheexecutionon-oroff-line.ElectronicMarketsAninterorganizationalinformationsystem(IOS)involvesinformationflowamongtwoormoreorganizations.Itsmajorobjectiveisefficientroutinetransactionprocessing,suchastransmittingorders,bills,andpaymentsusingEDIorextranets.Scope:AnIOSisaunifiedsystemencompassingtwoorseveralbusinesspartners.AtypicalIOSincludesacompanyanditssuppliersandand/orcustomers.InterorganizationInformationSystemsBusiness-to-businessBusiness-to-customerIntrabusinesstransactionsOthersClassificationofElectronicCommerceClassificationofECbytheNatureoftheTransactionsAPPLICATIONOFECINDIFFERENTFIELD电子商务在不同领域中的应用RetailingElectronicMarketingDirectmarketingCustomizationOnlinecustomerserviceElectronicshoppingmalls:Intermediaries(e.g.InternetMall)Stores(e.g.Amazon,J.C.PenneyOnline)ElectronicintermediariesGlobalmarketingCustomerscanorderfromcyberstores24hoursaday,7daysaweekfromanyplaceintheworld11Shopper/PurchaserSeller/SupplierElectronicMarket(TransactionHander)Electroniccommercenetwork(Infrastructure)Product/serviceinformationrequestPurchaserequestPaymentorpaymentadvicePurchasefulfillmentrequestPurchasechangerequestResponsetofulfillmentrequestShippingnoticePaymentapprovalElectronictransferoffundsElectronictransferoffundsShopper/Purchaser’sBankPaymentremittancenoticeElectronictransferoffundsTransactionHandler’sBank(AutomatedClearingHouse)Seller/Supplier’sBankElectronicMarkets©PrenticeHall,2000ResponsetoinformationrequestPurchaseacknowledgmentShippingnoticePurchase/servicedelivery(ifonline)PaymentacknowledgmentActiveElectronicIntermediariesPureelectronicmallCompany’sretailingbusinessexistsonlyontheInternetElectronicdistributorstakefullresponsibilityoffulfillingordersandcollectingpaymentsElectronicbrokersassistthesearchprocessoffindingtheappropriateproductsandtheirvendorsPartialelectronicmallElectronicmallasoneofexistingdistributionchannelsAidingComparisonShoppingSearchhypertextfilesbyagentsSearchinaweb-baseddatabasebothbyhumanandsoftwareagentswithinane-mallComparableitemretrievalandtabularcomparisonComparisonsovermultiplemallsComparisonsasamultiplecriteriadecisionmakingInternetConsumersandMarketResearchTheImportanceofCustomersCompetition“fighting”oncustomerstosucceed:controlthe3CsCustomerscustomersbecomesaKing/Queentosucceed:findingandretainingcustomersChangeECisanewdistributionchanneltosucceed:convincecustomerstogoonlineandthentochooseyourcompanyovertheonlinecompetitorsThemajorpressuresarelabeledthe3CsOne-to-OneMarketingRelationshipmarketing“Overtattemptofexchangepartnerstobuildalongtermassociation,characterizedbypurposefulcooperationandmutualdependenceonthedevelopmentofsocial,aswellasstructural,bonds”“Treatdifferentcustomersdifferently”Abletochangethemanneritsproductsareconfiguredoritsserviceisdelivered,basedontheindividualneedsofindividualcustomersConsumerDemographics(1998)VariablesInfluencingDecisionMakingProcessAge(mostly21-30year-old)Maritalstatus(41%married&39%single)Educationallevel(81%withatleastsomecollegeeducation&50%obtainedatleastbaccalaureatedegree)Ethnicity(87%whiteinAmerica)Occupation(26%educational-relatedfield,22%computers&22%otherprofessionals)©PrenticeHall,20008AnsweringcustomerinquiresProvidingtechnicalandotherinformationLettingcustomerstrackaccountsororderstatusAllowingcustomerstocustomizeandorderonline©PrenticeHall,200021TypesofCustomerServiceFunctionsToolsofCustomerServicePersonalizedWebPagesusedtorecordpurchasesandpreferencedirectcustomizedinformationtocustomersefficientlyChatRoomdiscussissueswithcompanyexperts;withothercustomersE-mailusedtodisseminateinformation,sendproductinformationandconductcorrespondenceregardinganytopic,butmostlyinquiriesfromcustomersFAQsnotcustomized,nopersonalizedfeelingandcontributiontorelationshipmarketingUsingonlinetechnologytoconductsurveysMoreefficient,faster,andcheaperdatacollection,andamoregeographicallydiverseaudiencethanthosefoundinoff-linesurveysAbilitytoincorporateradiobuttons,data-entryfieldsandcheckboxesinthesurveysEliminatingthedatareentryerrors(fromquestionnairestothecomputer,foranalysis)Notsuitableforeverycustomerorproduct—itisskewedtowardhighlyeducatedmaleswithhighdisposalincomeOnlineMarketResearchOnlineMarketResearchMethodPoststrategicqueriestonewsgroupsPostsurveysonyourWebsiteOfferrewardsforparticipationPoststrategicqueriesonyourWebsitePostrelevantcontenttogroupswithapointertoyourWebsitesurveyPostadetailedsurveyinspeciale-mailquestionnairesCreateachatroomandtrytobuildacommunityofconsumersAdvertisementinElectronicCommerceWhyInternetAdvertisement?Three-quartersofPCusersgaveupsometelevisiontimeInternetusersarewelleducatedwithhigh-income,whichmakesthemadesiredtargetforadvertisersAdscanbeupdatedanytimewithaminimalcost;thereforetheyaretimelyandveryaccurateAdvertisingMethodsBannersBannerSwappingBannerExchangesPaidAdvertisingandAdAgenciesSplashScreenURL(UniversalResourceLocators)E-mailChatRoomsBBSECinServiceIndustriesTravelandTourismServicesBytheyear2000,closeto25percentofallbusiness-tocustomerInternetcommercewillberelatedtotourismTheInternetisanidealplacetoplan,explore,andarrangealmostanytripIBM’svisionofseamlesselectronictravelusingsmartcardsTheEmploymentPlacementMarketEmployersarelookingforemployeeswithspecificskills,andindividualsarelookingforajobVeryvolatilemarketMovedtotheInternetMillionsofjobseekers,hundredofthousandsofjobsRealEstate:FromVirtualRealtorstoVirtualRealityYoucanviewmanypropertiesonthescreenYoucansortandorganizepropertiesYoucanfinddetailedinformationaboutthepropertiesYoucansearch,compareandapplyforloansTradingStocksOnlineCostsbetween$7and$20pertransaction(Vs.$30-$100intraditionalbrokerage)NowaitingonbusytelephonelinesNooralcommunication,lesschanceforerrorsPlaceordersfromanywhere,anytime,dayornightNobiasedbrokertopushyouConsiderableamountoffreeinformationImplementationIssuesinBankingandOnlineTradingCyberbankingandPersonalFinanceEncryptedSSLSession&DigitalCertificateVerificationInitiatedExternalFirewallBofAWebServerInternalFirewallBofAApplicationServerBankofAmericaSecuritySystemLogonScreenUserIDUserPasswordBofAWebSiteCustomer’sComputerSecuringFinancialTransactionsApplicationCase:SecurityatNationsBankBillingOnlineConsumerBillConsolidatorBillersPhoneCredit

CardUtilitySuchpaymentscanbemadeintoanybankaccount.Manypeoplepaytheirmonthlyrentandotherbillsdirectlyintothepayee’’sbankaccounts.ElectronicCreditCardSystem

ontheInternetThePlayersCardholderMerchant(seller)Issuer(yourbank)Acquirer(merchant’sfinancialinstitution,acquiresthesalesslips)Brand(VISA,MasterCard)ElectronicFundTransfer(EFT)

ontheInternetAnArchitectureofElectronicFundTransferontheInternetInternetPayerCyberBankBankCyberBankPayeeAutomatedClearinghouseVANBankVANPaymentGatewayPaymentGatewayOTHERE-PAYMENTSmartCardsElectronicCashandMicropaymentsElectronicCheckSystemsAuctions:FromTheorytoPracticeEarlyauctioningdoneonlocalareanetworkstheauctioningofpigsinTaiwanandSingaporetheauctioningofflowersinHollandtheauctioningofcarsinJapanAuctionsontheInternetstartedin1995similartoofflineauctions,exceptforthefactthattheyaredoneonacomputersomelastdays,othersashorttimedetailedinformationisavailablestartbiddingbysendinge-mailorfillingoutanelectronicformnamesofbiddersarekeptcodedtomaintainprivacyBenefitsandLimitationsBenefitsForsellerSellsgoodsefficientlySellsgoodswithlittleactionoreffortCreatesagreaterrangeofpotentialbuyersSellsexcessinventoriesquicklyviathisprocessForbuyersGetsahugevarietyofgoodsFindsqualitygoodsforlargelydiscountedpricesLimitationsInabilitytophysicallyseetheitemsPossibilityoffraudLesscompetitiveatmospheremayprevailontheNetOnlinePublishingTheelectronicdeliveryofnewspapers,magazines,news,andotherinformationthroughtheInternetOnlinePublishingTodayandTomorrowToday—mainlyusedfordisseminatinginformationandforconductingsalestransactionsinteractivelyTomorrow——includemorecustomizedmaterialthatthereaderwillreceivefree,orwillpayforVirtualTeachingandUniversitiesKnowledgeDisseminationManyuniversitiesareofferinglimitedcoursesanddegreesbutuseinnovativeteachingmethodsandmultimediasupportMBAprograminHongKonglecturesaredeliveredasaninteractiveTV(iTV)studentscandecidewhatandwhentheywantto‘attend’thelecturelecture,supportmaterial,exercisesetc.areprovidedontheWebERPANDBUSINESSMANAGEMENT企业资源计划划与工商管理理Business-to-BusinessElectronicCommerceMajorConceptsOrderfulfillment:DeliverrightorderontimeFrontofficeoperations:Ordertaking,advertisement,CRMBackofficeoperations:Accounting,finance,inventor,packaging,logisticsLogistics:Managingtheflowofgoods,informationandmoneyalongthesupplychainSupplyChainDefinitionAllactivitiesassociatedwiththeflowandtransformationofgoodsfromrawmaterialstoendusers2ndTierSupplierUpstreamInternalDownstream2ndTierSupplier2ndTierSupplier1stTierSupplier1stTierSupplierAssembly/ManufacturingandPackagingDistributionCentersRetailersCustomersGrainProducerProcessingFacilityPackagingDistributorStoreCustomersCorrugateManufacturerLumberCompanyLabelManufacturerGrainCerealPackagedCerealLabelsWordPaperboardThebullwhipeffectSlightchangesinactualdemandcreateproblemsPartnersbuild““justincase”inventoriesLackoftrustamongpartnersStockpillingresultinhugecostThemanufacturerscannotplanproductionCannotordermaterialfromsuppliersSupplyChainManagementDefinition:Flowofmaterial,information,money,etc.fromrawmaterialsuppliersthroughfactoriestocustomersItincludes:organizations,procedures,peopleSCM:Integrationofthebusinessprocessesalongthechain,Planning,Organizing,controlofmanyactivitiesActivities:Purchasing,delivery,packaging,checking,warehousing,etc.ITasproblemsolverEvolutionofSoftwareIntegrationCompletelyIndependentofeachotherMRP=MaterialRequirementsPlanning:Inventory,productionMRPII=ManufacturingRequirementsPlanningmoreintegrated,MRP+Finance+laborERP=EnterpriseResourcesPlanningAllfunctionalareasExtendedERP=Includesuppliers,customersFromSAPtomySAP.comSAP=TraditionalERP=AutomateandIntegratetransactionsMySAP.com=webbasedcomprehensivesystemWorkplace-apersonalized,role-basedinterfaceMarketplace-onestopdestinationforbusinessprofessionaltocollaborateBusinessScenarios-productsfortheInternetandintranetApplication-hosing-hostingWebapplicationsforSMEsEnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)ERP=IntegratingbusinessprocessesandactivitiesinrealtimeSolvesmanysupplychainproblemsNecessaryformediumtolargecorporationsHelpfulalsoforsomeSMEsNeedtointerfacewithECordertakingsystemManagesallroutinetransactionsintheEnterpriseRecentlyextendedtosuppliersandcustomersPostERP(2ndGeneration)1stgeneration-transactionprocessingorientation2ndgenerationincludingdecisionmakingcapabilitiesECrequiresdecisionsupportECrequiresbusinessintelligenceSCMsoftware:ProductionPlanning,Manpowerutilization,Profitabilitymodels,marketanalysis.IntegrationofSCMcapabilitiesOtheraddedfunctionalities:CRM,KMASPLeasinginformationsystemsapplicationBacktothedaysof““timesharing”AriskpreventionstrategyVerypopularwithERP(expensive,cumbersome)INFRASTRUCTUREOFEC电子子商商务务的的基基础础AglobalnetworkedenvironmentisknownastheInternetAcounterpartwithinorganizations,iscalledanintranetAnextranetextendsintranetssothattheycanbeaccessedbybusinesspartners.INTERNET，，INTRAN