初中英语必背单词、词组和语法总结

初中最常用必须会拼写的单词（777词）衣物（37）clothes,skirt,T-shirt,shirt,shoes,boot,runningshoes,leathershoes,tie,slipper,cap,hat,pants（裤子），trousers（长裤），shorts（短裤），dress,jacket,coat,blouse,scarf,jeans,overcoat,sportswear（运动装）,sneakers（运动鞋），socks,glove,uniform,suit（一套衣服），plainclothes（简朴的衣月服）,uniform,raincoat,sweater,handbag,stocking（长袜）称呼（26）family,grandparents,grandfather,grandpa,grandmother,grandma,granny,grandson,granddaughter,parents,father,dad,mother,mom,mum,husband,wife,son,daughter,uncle,aunt,cousin（堂兄弟，堂姐妹；表兄弟，表姐妹）,nephew（侄子，外甥），niece（侄女，甥女）brother,sister.颜色（16）red,white,brown,black,yellow,pink,blue,gray/grey,green,orange,purple,gold,light,dark,colored,colourful职业（68）captain,chairman,chairwoman,fisherman,postman,actor,doctor,educator,sailor,director,hunter,leader,teacher,worker,driver,farmer,cleaner,player,dancer,runner,singer,engineer,interpreter,speaker,reporter,explorer,server,gatekeeper,officer,headmaster,soldier,firefighter,manager,programme"节目制作者），programmer（程序设计员），carver,gardener,painter,waiter,barber（理发师），photographer（摄影师）,pilot,police,model,nurse,servant,athlete,official,boss,artist,dentist,journalist,scientist,host,coach,astronaut,clerk,secretary,volunteer,musician,cook,pupil,student,principal,president,peasant,assistant,customer公共场所（35）school,zoo,park,bedroom,livingroom,sittingroom,classroom,waitingroom,lab,school,home,library,kitchen,doorbell，playground,hill,mountain,desert,forest,plain,bookshop/bookstore,building,busstop,railway/trainstation,cinema,hospital,market,museum,office,park,garden,postoffice,shop/store,toilet动词（37）持续性动词live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,danee,sing,smoke等。瞬间性动词begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,marry,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop,takeoff等动物（40）sheep,bear,ant,wolf,lamb,horse,worm（蠕虫），cat,chicken,dog,elephant,lion,monkey,mouse,panda,pig,tiger,butterfly,cow,duck,fox,goose,snake,camel,fly,giraffe,hare,rabbit,tortoise,bird,hen,frog,bee,rabbit,dragon,fish,phoenix,turkey,insect,whale.科目(14)Chinese,Math,English,Politics,Geography,History,Biology,Physics,Chemistry,Science,Art,Computer,.Music.天气(20)rain,rainy;snow,snowy;wind,windy;sun,sunny;ice,icy;fog,foggy;cloud,cloudy;hot;cold;warm;dry;wet,cool疾病(9)cold,cough,headache,backache,toothache,fever,flu,sorethroat,cancer,near-sighted身体部位(31)hair,head,eye,ear,nose,mouth,tooth,neck,throat,face,shoulder,hand,arm,elbow,leg,foot,chest,finger,fingernail,stomach,back,knee,lap,heart,lung,blood,bone,skin,toe,thumb,tongue.交通工具(12)bus,train,boat，ship，jeep,motorbike,plane,car,train,truck,bicycle,bike生活用品(27)bag,basket,bed,brush,chair,candle,clock,cup,desk,fireplace,fridge,glass,handbag,knife,ladder,key,light,line,mirror,pan,phone,plate,pot,table,teapot,bowl,TV情绪情感(9)happy,sad,excited,tired,bored,unhappy,angry,worried,pleased信息(22)computer,email,network,password,message,online,enter,member,news,information,article,writing,text,passage,title,topic,idea,view,opinion,suggestion,question,weatherreport水果(8)apple,pear,banana,strawberry,tomato,watermelon,grape,orange学习用品(11)pencil-box,pen,pencil,eraser/rubber,schoolbag,ink,notebook,book,knife,dictionary,ruler体育项目(8)basketball,tennis,surfing,swimming,skating,table-tennis,football,skiing不定代词(29)some(something，somebody，someone)，any(anything，anybody，anyone)，no(nothing，nobody，noone)，every(everything，everybody，everyone)，all，each，both，much，many，(a)little，(a)few，other(s)，another，none，one，either，neither饮食(45)honey,biscuit,flour,cheese,pie,cookie,curry,porridge,coke可乐)，pizza,pork,ham,butter,potato,tofu,salad,egg,honey,cocoa,sugar,salt,chips,candy,icecream,sandwich,bread,cake,chicken,fish,hamburger,noodle,chocolate,dumpling,beef,steak,RoastDuck，breakfast,lunch,supper/dinner,tea,drink,wine,water,diet世纟己、年、月、日(25)century,year,month,day,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,today,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,morning,afternoon,evening,night,midnight,January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,October,November,December.星期(7)Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday.四季及时刻(9)Spring,Summer,Fall/Autumn,Winter，hour,quarter,minute,second,方位(33)east,south,west,north,northeast,northwest,southwest,southeast,up,down,upon,between,among,under,beside,near,above,by,behind,before,right,left,closeto,acrossfrom,nextto,inthemiddleof,inthecenterof,inthefrontof,infrontof,atthebackof,on,at,in基数词(31)1one2two3three4four5five6six7seven8eight9nine10ten11eleven12twelve13thirteen14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen20twenty30thirty40forty50fifty60sixty70seventy80eighty90ninety100ahundred1000athousand1，000，000amillion10，000，000tenmillion100，000，000ahundredmillion1，000，000，000abillion序数词(30)firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenthtwentiethtwenty-firstthirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethhundredththousandth蔬菜(6)carrottomatopotatoonioncabbageeggplant国家,首都(32)China,America,Australia,Britain,Canada,England,France,Germany,India,Japan,London,NewYork,NewZealand,Paris,PRC.Russia,Sydeny,Tokyo,Toronto,Washington,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations(联合国,Macao,Mexico,HongKong,Egypt,Korea,Italy,Asia,Africa民族/语言(18)Chinese,American,Australian,Canadian,

Englishman,Englishmen,English,French,Englishman,Englishmen,English,French,Frenchman,Frenchmen,German,Indian,Japanese,Russian,Korean,Italian,Asian,African材料（6）wood,cotton,silk,plastic,metal,glass,不规则形容词或副词（28）good/well好betterbest;bad/badly坏的worseworst;many/much多（形容不可数名词）moremost;little少lessleast;many多（形容可数名词）moremost;farfartherfarthest远（具体）；farfurtherfurthest深远的（抽象），比如furthereducation高等教育;old老，年纪较长older/elderoldest/eldest没有比较和最高级的形容词（12）empty,wrong,perfect,unique,extreme,excellent,favourite（GB）/favorite（GA）,true,right,correct,extremely最常用的形容词（36）small;big;hungry;full;little;high;short;tall;long;old（老的，旧的）；new；young;beautiful;nice;early;late;right;wrong;busy;free;lazy;bored;heavy;light;blind;special（特别的）；kind（善良的）；happy;sad;fast;fun（有趣的）；scary（吓人的）;different（不同的）；thesame（同样的）；round（圆的）；great（伟大的），cheap;expensive初中英语重要词组（see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat（感官动词）+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump（比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）agreewithsb.赞成某人allkindsof各种各样akindof一样allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界alongwith同一道，伴随eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）11asksbforsth向某人什么12asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事attheageof在岁时atthebeginningof的起初；的开始

attheendof+地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信be+doing表：1现在进行时2将来时beableto（+v原）二can（+v原）能够beafraidtodo（ofsth恐惧，害怕beallowedtodo被允许做什么beangrywithsb生某人的气beangrywith（at）sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气beas…原级・・・as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高beashamedtobeawayfrom远离beawayfrom从……离开bebadfor对什么有害beborn出生于bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……becareful当心；小心bedifferentfrom和befamousfor以befamousfor以著名befriendlytosb对某人友好befrom=comefrom来自befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwaterbeglad+to+do/从句begoingto+v(原)将来时begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长，善于……begoodfor对什么有好处behappytodo很高兴做某事behelpfultosb对某人有好处44beingoodhealth体健康身45beintrouble处于困难中46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48belike像eg:I'mlikemymotherbemadat生某人的气bemadefrom由制成（制成以后看不见原材料）bemadeof由制成（制成以后还看得见原材料）benotsure表不确定beonavisitto参观bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎bequiet安静beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesb61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格besupposedtodo被要求干什么besure表确定besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心besureofsth对做某事有信心besurethatsth对做某事有信心besuretodosth一定会做某事WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事

bethesameas…和什么一样beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早beworthdoing值得做什么be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句because+句子becauseof+短语eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadachebegintodo=starttodo开始做某事start・・・with…二begin・・・with…以什么开始什么between・・・and…两者之间borrowsthfromsb向借lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给什么东西both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I'msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站到……为bytheendof到为到……为callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwangcatchupwithsb赶上某人chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地comein进comeoverto过来comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗communicatewithsb和某人交流consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州daneeto随着跳舞decidetodosth决定做某事doasurveyof做某方面的调查dobetterin在方面做得更好dowrong做错Don'tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事Don'tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……each+名（单）每一个・・・eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100endup+doingenjoy+doing喜欢escapefrom从逃跑expecttodosth期待做某事falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么farfrom离某地远find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinterestingfinish完成+doing（名词）fittosb=befitforsb适合某人forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了from・・・to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforherget/havesthdown做完，被（另U人）做・・・eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发（头发被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）getapart-timejob=findapart-timejobgetalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备getsbintotrouble给某人带来麻烦

get・・・from…从某处得到某物giveatalk做报告givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事gooutawayfrom远离gooutof从….离开gotoschool上学（用于专业的）gototheschool去学校（不一定是上学）goodwayto好方法hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会haveatalk听报告谈一谈havebeendoing现在完成进行时havebeento•••（地方）去过某过地方havegoneto…（地方）去了某地还没回来havefun+doing玩得高兴havesthtodo有什么事要做某事havetodosth必须做某事havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦have・・・time+doinghave・・・(时间)・・・off放假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事helpalot很大用处helpsbwithsth\one'ssth帮助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事hopetodosth希望做某事Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)howdoyoulike=whatdoif:是否=whethereg:Idon'tknowif(whether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会Hedon'tknowif(whether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达if:如果，假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句eg:I'llgotoLuZhouifitdoesn'train彳假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的youthinkof看法你对什么的

I'llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国inone'sopinion二sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北south南west西east东）151inthesun在太阳下152increase增加eg:They'veincreasedinsteadof+(名)代替eg:I'dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要苹果，而不要梨子introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocookthepriceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了thepriceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%It's+adj+todo做某事怎么样It's+adjforsb对于某人来说怎么样It's+adjofsb对某人来说太怎么样It's+adj(forsb)todo(对某人来说)做某事怎么样It's+adjofsbtodosth对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg:It'sniceofyouthelpmewithmyEnglishIt'sagoodideaforsbtdosth对来说是个好主意It'simportanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:It'simportanttomeIt'stimetodosthIt'stimeforsth到了该去做某事的时间eg:It'stimetohaveclassIt'stimeforclass该去上课了join二takepartin参加justnow刚才keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样keepout不让进入keepsbadj让保持keephealthy保持健康keyto+名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案

170keyto…answerto•…以是答题或钥匙key可171laughat…取笑…172learnbyoneself自学173learnfromsb向某人学习174learntodosth学做某事175letsbdosth让某人做某事Letsbdown让某人失望eg:Weshouldn'tletourparentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望livefrom:离某地远livein+大地方/at+小地lookafter=takecareof照顾照看loseone'sway谁迷路makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyoumakeitearly把时间定的早一点makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmotherImade方居住在某地方居住在某地makesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedcleanmakesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样makesbdosth让某人做某事makeupbemadeupof（被动语态）由组成make・・・differeneeto…mindsbtodomindone'sdoing介意做什么most+名mostof+代muchtoo+形容词mustbe一定need+名词needsbdosth需要某人做某事needtodo（实义动词）needdo（情态动词）no/neitherofhatetodono/neitherofhatedoingno+名词notanymore=nomore再也不eg:Hedidn'tcryanymorenot…（形、副）atalleg:He'snottallatallshedoesn'tjumpfaratallnot・・・atall一点都不not・・・either表否定，也不eg:Idon'tJapaneseeitherIdon'thavesister,either我也没有姐姐not・・・until直到才205offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我给你提供水onone'swayto…在谁去那的路上ontheonehand—方面ontheotherhand另一方面onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈ontime准时intime及时oneday=someday=someday一天，有一天oneof+可数名词的复数形式onetoanother一个到另一个overandoveragain—遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveraginpart-timejob兼职工作fall-timejob全职工作payfor…付钱paythebill开钱，付钱please+dopleasehelpyourselfpleasedwithsbpoolinto=pourintopractice+doing练习做某事prefersthtosth相对更喜欢eg:Ipreferphysicstochemistry在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜欢她不来pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard这两个骗子装着努力工作rather・・・than宁可也不……eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师regard・・・as把当作Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你当作我的朋友remindsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremindsmeaboutcooking(heremindsmetocook他提醒我做饭remindsbofsth使某人想起什么thewordsthat(which)theteachertalktoremindmeofmymotherreturnsthtosb还什么东西给某人saytooneself对自己说saytosb对某人说sbspendsomemoneyonsth238send・・・to…把什么寄到哪里花了多少钱在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb239去shock使震惊eg:某物sbandYouseemtoeg:某物sbandYouseemtoeg:显得243some・・・others…些另—■些花了多少时间陪谁sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事sbwithsb+issb+areseesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事seemtodo/be+adj怎么样Oh,It'sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊，是你呀！吓我一跳showsbsth向某人展示showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么东西给某人看showsthtosb向某人展示某物betiredYouseemtobehappysend+sbsth送给某人某物start・・・with…从开始begin・・・with…从……开始stayawayfrom远离eg:We'retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhenvisitingthezoo当我们参观zoo时，我们要远离动物stopdoing停下正在做的事stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事such+名这样，这种suitsb适合某人surprisesb使某人惊奇toone'ssurprise令某人惊奇takeclasses上课takesbto把某人带去eg:Itakeyoutothehospitaltakewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步256①talkto对谁说②talkwith和谁说talkof谈到talkabout谈论关于……talkwithsb和某人说话teachsbsth教某人做某事tellsbdosth告诉某人做某事tellsbsth告诉某人某事tellsbthat丛句tellsbnottodosthtellsb〔not〕todosth告诉某人做什么263tell・・・from…区别264thankyoufor+doing265thesame+名词（doing）+asthesame…（名）・・・asas・・・（adjadv）・・・as相同thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingsth做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglishthewayto・・・（地点）到哪的translateinto把什么翻译成什么eg:TranslateEnglishintoChinesetravelwithsb和某人去旅游tryone'sbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么，但没成功trydoingsth想干什么，已经做过了try…试衣服haveatry试一下turndown开小◄—►turnup开大turnoff关上—►tur