七年级下册仁爱英语语法

七年级下册仁爱英语语法七年级下册仁爱英语语法一，therebetherebe句型(一)句型结构为：therebe(is/are)+某物/某人+地点/时间(介词短语)，意为“某处/某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定•有两种句式：Thereis+单数名词/不可数名词+介词短语：如：Thereisacomputerinthestudy书房里有一台电脑。Thereissomewaterinthebottle瓶子里有一些水。Thereare+名词复数形式+介词短语。如：Therearesomeflowersinthegarden花园里有一些花。be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时.be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。Thereisachairandtwodesksintheteacher'sroom.老师的房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。Therearetwodesksandachairintheteacher'sroom.老师的房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。therebe结构的否定句：therebe结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。如：Thereisanappleontheplate.盘子里有一个苹果。Thereisn'tanappleontheplate盘子里没有苹果。therebe结构的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答：therebe结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn't/aren't.-ArethereanybooksaboutChinesehistory?有关于中国历史的书吗？-Yes.thereare./No,therearen't是的，有。/不，没有。-Isthereacomputerinyourstudy?你的书房有电脑吗？-Yes,thereis，/No，thereisn't是的，有。/不，没有。therebe句型(二)⑴针对therebe结构的名词提问，常常用what's+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式,be动词都用is，且常省略thereo如：Thereisadeskintheroom.(对画线部分提问)房间里有张桌子。——What'sintheroom?房间里面有什么？Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom・(对画线部分提问)教室里有许多学生。——What'sintheclassroom教室里面有什么？针对therebe结构中名词的数量提同，用howmany或howmuch提问，后面要紧跟这个名词.如：There'sacoatonthebed(对画线部分提问)在床上有一件衣服。Howmanycoatsarethereonthebed?在床上有多少件衣服？There'resomemeatinthebowl?(对画线部分提)在碗里有一些肉。Howmuchmeetisthereinthebowl.?在碗里有多少肉？therebe句型(三)therebe与have(has)的用法区别：therebe句型表示“某处/某时有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有……”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。Ihaveanewbike.我有一辆新自行车：Thecathastwoblackears。这只猫有两只黑耳朵。Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.花园里面有很多花。ThereisacomputerinKangkang'sroom・=Kangkanghasacomputerinhisroom・在康康房间里有一台电脑。二，时态现在进行时⑴现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作，常与now,atthemoment，look，listen等词语或者短语连用。⑵结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：Maryishavinglunchwithherparentsnow玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。Theyaredoingtheirhomeworkathome.他们正在家里做家庭作业。⑶动词的现在分词的构成规则：一般在词尾加-ing。如：drink-drinking以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如：make-makingclose-closinghave-having以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如：Sit-sittingbegin-beginningshop-shopping一般过去时(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常和yesterday,lastnight/year,twodays/weeksago,justnow.amomentago,in1990/2006等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：Iwasastudenttwoyearsago两年前我是一个学生。HesanganEnglishsongyesterday•昨天他唱了一首英文歌.DidheperformChinesekungfuattheparty?他在晚会上表演了中国功夫吗？Hewasillyesterday.Sohedidn'tcometoschool.昨天他生病了，所以他没来上学。（2）动词过去式的构成如下：①一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如：look-looked,play-played③以不发音的e结尾的动词在末尾加-d。如：live-lived末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如:plan-planned,stop-stopped末尾是辅音字母加字母“y”的动词，先变v为i,再加-ed。如：study-studied不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表。三•情态动词I•情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（can表猜测，可能can't用于否定猜测）cannot/cannot/can'tdoCan・・・do…？Yes,・・・can.No,・・・can't.couldcouldn'tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）maynotdoMay・・・do…？Yes,・・・may.No,・・・mustn't/can't•might可能，或许（表推测）祝愿mightnotdoMight・・・do…？Yes,・・・mightNo,・“might

not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（表肯定推测）mustnot/mustn'tdoMust…吨。…？Yes,・・・must・No,・・・needn't/don'thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客观的don'thavetonot.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（表肯定推测）mustnot/mustn'tdoMust…吨。…？Yes,・・・must・No,・・・needn't/don'thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客观的don'thaveto必须，do有时态人称变化）Do…havetodo…？Yes,・・・do.No,・・・don't.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan'tdoShall・do…?Yes,・・・shall・No,・・・shan't・should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn'tdoShould・・・do…？willwould意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won'tdowouldnot/wouldn'tdoW订l・・・do…？Yes,・・・will.No,.・・won't.II・情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推测：以must为例。must+do（be）是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must+bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情；must+havedone是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1・must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.can和could"可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can't语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan'tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.（语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中）III.情态动词注意点：1・can和beableto:都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表达“某事终于成功"，而can无法表达此意。Beableto有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。情态动词练习1・"Itakeitout?""I'msorry,you・"Could・.・couldn'tB.Might・..mightnotC.Could・.・canD・May.・.can'tAllthelightsareon,theSmithsup.A.mustgetB・isgettingC・mustbegettingD.wouldgetHeleadahorsetothewaterbuthenotmakeitdrink.A.will...canB・may.,.canC.may...daresD・dare・.・cantohavelunchwithustoday?A.DoyoulikesB・WouldyoulikeC・WillyoulikedD・HaveyoulikedHesaidthatyouwatchTValltheeveningifyouwished.A.mayB.mustC.canD.mightMichaelbeapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshort・A.needn'tB.can'tC.shouldn'tD.won'tIthoughtyoubehungry,soIhavebroughtyousomecakes.A.mayB.mightC.canD.couldComeon!Wehurrybecausethereisn'tmuchtimeleft.A.mayB.mustC.canD.needThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB・wouldC.couldD・wasabletoIt'snearlyseveno'clock.Jackbehereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can答案：1—10：DCBBDBBBDC四．数词数词有两种：表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first,second,third,fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the,但之前有this/that/my等限定词时不加the。如：Therearesevendaysinaweek.一周有七天。ThefirstdayofaweekisSunday星期天是每周的第一天，Mr.Wangismyfirstoldteacher王老师是我的启蒙老师基数词变序数词，也可用口诀记忆法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th(fourth)；123特殊记，制尾字母tdd(first，second，third)；八去t来九去e(eighth，ninth)，f要来替ve(fifth，twelfth)；若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以(twenty-first),若是遇到整十数，ty变成ti，eth-同来(thirtieth)。序数词也可以缩写，缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母构成。如：first-lstsecond-2ndfourth-4thtwenty-first-21st语法专项习题-数词1()1Therearedaysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC・threehundredandsixty-fiveD・threehundredandsixtyfive()2Therearestudentsinthisschool・A.eighthundredsandforty-sixB.eighthundredandfortysixC.eighthundredandforty-sixD・eighthundredforty-six2()1eoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof()2Therearetwopeopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD・hundredof()3EveryyearwatchNBAonTV.A.millionpeopleB.millionsofpeopleC.millionspeopleD.millionofpeople()4treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years・A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof()5Look!Thereare___inthesky.A.thousandstarsB.thousandofstarsC.thousandsofstarsD.thousandsofstar3()1Mybrotherisin.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone()2Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix()3Pleaseturnto.Let'sreadthetextaloud.A.PageTwoB・thepagetwoC・secondpageD.pagesecond4()1Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis,A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB・seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC・seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD・seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five()2"Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear"・nineteenandninety-ninenineteenninety-nineC・onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine5()1Hewillcomeheretomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenthTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()2Everydayhebeginstodohishomework・A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpasstenontenpastseventhD.untilten()3Hewasdoingsomewashing.A.ateightyesterdaymorningB・yesterdaymorningeightC.yesterdaymorningateightD.byeightyesterdaymorning6()1Hebegantoworkthere.A.onhisfiftyB.atageoffiftyC・whenhefiftyD.inhisfifties()2TheymovedtoBeijing_A.in1980sB.inthe1980'C.inthe1980sD.onthe1980's()3Weallliketheoy.A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften()4Shewas___herearlytwentieswhenshewentabroad.A.atB.onC.ofD:in7()1Therearemonthsinayear.Decemberisthemonthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC・twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth()2Duringcentury,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentieth/D.thetwenty()3Sundayisthedayoftheweek・A.seventhB.firstC・secondD・third()4Autumnisseasoninayear.A.thefourthB・thethirdC.athirdD・thethreeth()5TomwastogettoschoolandIwas・A.first;ninthC.thefirst;theninthB・afirst;aninthD・thesecond;thenineth8()1-What'sthedatetoday?-Its.A.FridayB・timetogoC・cloudyD・June4th()2JennywasbornA.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July10()3Mondayisthesecondday,and.A.TuesdayisthefourthB.ThursdayisthefifthC・thesecondisTuesdayD.thesecondisThursday9()1AboutofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese・A.four-fifthB.four-fifthsC.fourth-fifthsD.fourths-fifth()2ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.TwothreeB.TwothreesC.TwothirdsD.Secondthree()3___oftheworld'sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.ThreequartersB.ThreequarterC.ThirdsfourD.Threesfourth10()1Tomisintherow.asecondB.thesecondC.twoD.second()2ThegirlwantedtosingsonginEnglish.A.theothersB.asecondC.otherD.thesecondTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()3Nowletmehave.A.thethirdtryB.athirdtryC.thirdtryD.thisthirdtry参考答案：1-2CC1-5DABAC3・1-3BDA1-2CB5・1-3BAA6・1—4DCAD7・1-5BBBBC8.1-3DAB9・1-3BCA10.1-3BBB五•常用的表达方式英语日期的表达法⑴英语日期的表达按月、日、年或日、月、年的顺序，且“日”部分要用序数词。\如：2012年10月2日的英语表达是October2nd,2012，读作：Octobersecond，twothousandandtwelve。也可以用2ndOctober,2009表达，读作：thesecondofOctobertwothousandandnine。年份的读法，四个数字分两组，每组按基数词读时，读成o；后面两位为00,读成hundred；后面三位为000，读成thousand，如：1840：eighteenforty1901：nineteenoone1900：nineteenhundred2000：twothousand2009:twothousandandnine表示时间的介词用法in用于一段时间。如年份、季节、月份等。如：in2012在2012inspring在春季inFebruary在二月on用于具体的某一天或某一个特定的上午、下午或晚上。如：onSaturday在星期六onOctoberlst，2012在2012年10月1日onarainymorning在一个下雨天的早晨at用于具体的时刻。如：at7:30在7:30一些固定搭配。如：atnight,atnoon,inthemorning／afternoon/evening介词用法小结in意为“在……里”。如：Theboxesareinthedrawer．盒子在抽屉里。on意为“在……(表面)上”。如：Theknifeandforkareontheplate刀叉在盘子上。behind意为“在后面”。如：Whatcanyouseebehindthechair?你看见椅子后藏有什么？under意为“在……下”。如：What'sunderthebed?床下面是什么？near意为“在……附近”。如：Myhomeisnearabookshop我家在书店附近。nextto...意为“挨近，靠近”。如：Whoissittingnexttoyou?谁坐在你的旁边？infrontof意为“在前面”。如：Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthegarage在车库的前面有一棵大树。inthecenterof意为“在中心”。如：Thereisaparkinthecenterofthecity在城市的中心有一个公园。ontheleft/rightof意为“在左边/右边”。如：TomsitsontheleftofJack.汤姆坐在杰克的左边。(10btthebackof意为“在后面”。如：Whoisthatboysittingatthebackoftheclassroom坐在教室后面的男孩是谁？特殊疑问词小结(l)what意为“什么”。如：whatclass什么班级whattime几点whatcolor什么颜色whatkindof什么种类的whatday星期几⑵which+n・意为“哪一个(些)”。⑶问方式及状况：how问数量多少：howmany+可数名词复数howmuch+不可数名词问多少钱：howmuch+-般疑问句问频率：Howoften+-般疑问句，意为“多久一次…..”。问多长时间或物体有多长：howlong(6)问年龄：howold(7问多远/多高/多宽howfar/high/tall/wide(8)问原因：why(9)问地点：where(10)问何时：when(11)问是谁who选择疑问句选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。其结构是：(1)一般疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如：Canyoudancetodiscoorperformballet?你会跳迪斯科还是芭蕾？-Icanperformballet我会跳芭蕾。-DoeshecomefromtheUSAorJapan?他来自美国还是日本？-HecomesfromtheUSA他来自美国。⑵特殊疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如：Whichsubjectdoyoulikebetter,EnglishorChinese?你更喜欢哪个学科，英语还是语文？-IlikeEnglishbetter我更喜欢英语。-Whoisyourfavoritesinger,JayChouorAndyLau?谁是你喜欢的歌手，周杰伦还是刘德华？-IlikeAndyLau我喜欢刘德华。问路与指路的表达方式(l)问路的表达方式：Canyoutellmethewayto...?Couldyoutellmehowtogetto..・?Doyouknowthewayto...?Istherea...nearby/nearhere?HowcanIgetto:.・？Whichisthewayto..？Whereis...？(2)指路的表达方式：godown/alongthestreetgostraighttumleft/rightturnright/leftatthe...street=takethe...turningontheright/leftIt'sdown...ontheright.Thereisa...ontheleft/rightYoucantaketheNo.108bustherehowlong，howfar，howsoon与howoften的用法(l)howlong意为“多久”，常常对一段时间提问。如：Youcankeepthebookforaweek・（对画线部分提问）你能借这本书一周。HowlongcanIkeepthebook?我能借这本书多久？（2）howfar意为“多远”，常常对表示距离的词提问。如：Itisfivekilometersawayfromheretomyschool（对画线部分提问）从这儿到我学校有5公里远。Howfarisitfromheretoyourschool?从这儿到你学校有多远？⑶howsoon意为“多久以后”，常常对，in+—段时间提问。如：Mymotherw订lcomebackintwoweeks（对画线部分提问）我妈妈两周后回来。Howsoonwillyourmothercomeback?你妈妈将在什么时候回来？（4）howoften意为“多久一次”，常常对表示频率的词提问。表示频率的词有：always，never，seldom，often，usually，everyday,once/twiceaweek等。如：Heoftengoestothepark.（对画线部分提问）他经常去公园。Howoftendoeshegotothepark?他多久去一次公园？七下演练一.单项选择Thereissomeontheplate.cakesB・meatC.potatoD・pearsUncleWangwantsthemachinelikeabike.A.rideB・ridingC.ridesD.torideTomusuallygoestobedteno'clockintheevening・A.atB.inC・onD.ofpicturebooksinclass,please.A.NotreadB.NoreadC.NotreadingD.Don'tread5・Theboxistooheavy・Lethelpyoutocarryit.A.weB.usC.oursD・ourHurryup,we'llbelateforthemeeting.A.andB.butC.thenD.orPeopleusually"hello"toeachotherwhentheymakeaphonecall.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talkLook!Sheakiteforherson.A.makesB.ismakingC.makeD.MakingTheseshoesareyours.Please.A.putonthemB.putonitC.putthemonD.putitonSheoftengetsverylate.A.homeB.athomeC.tohomeD.inhomeIthinktheshopisclosedthistimeofday.A.inB.onC.atD.forIwantofmeat,please.A.halfkiloB.ahalfkiloC.halfakiloD.akilohalfTOC\o"1-5"\h\z—Isthisblackruler?—No.It's.A.yours,hisB.your,hisC.yours,himD.you,hebookonthedeskisauseful(重要的)one.A.AB.AnC.TheD./Grandmaisill.Wehavetotakehertothe・A.farmB.postofficeC.hotelD.hospitalLiuMeioftenhelpshermotherhousework.A.doesB.doC.doingD.todoingWewatcheveningnewsonat7:00intheevening.A.CCTVB.CAACC.WTOD.MTVThereaboxofapplesonthedesk.A.areB.isC・hasD・haveWouldyoulikewithme?A.goB.togoC.goingD.goesSometimeshisbrotherTVaftersupper.A.watchB.seesC.watchesD.iswatching二填空根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词Kate'sglassisempty.Shewantsafone.Ithinkmyfathercanhelpyoumyourbrokenbike.Ihavetwopencils.Oneisshort,theotherisl.Pleaseopenthew.It'sgettinghothere.Somethingiswwithmybike.MayIborrowyours?根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空Therearesomethere,talkingloudly.(woman)Thisblouseisn'thers.It's.(my)Thepeopleonthefarmarevery.(friend)Doyouknow?(he)Tom'sunclecandrivecars.Heisagood.(drive)选词并用其适当形式填空work,close,look,have,teacher,pen,eat,China,play,climbThisisourdesk.Oursareoverthere.Billhasthree.Oneisnewandtheothertwoareold.Hisuncleveryyoungbutheisoverforty.Let'sbasketballafterclass.Look!Thecatsareupthetrees・Theshopisn'topen.It's・Mybrothersomenewpicturebooks.Inourclassroomthereisalargemapof.Mum,pleasegivemesomethingto.I'mveryhungry.DoesMrGreenlikeinthisChineseschool?根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话A.Pleasegiveitbacksoon.It'soverthereC・Certainly.Whendoyouwantit?Thankyouverymuch・Blackandred,andit'snotverynew・A:Excuseme,LinTao!B:Yes?A:Mybikeisbroken.CanIborrowyours?B:__1.A:Thisafternoon.B:OK.Here'sthekey.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA:2__.Butwhereisit?B:__3.A:Whatcolourisit?B:__4.A:Isee.IthinkIcanfindit.B:—5—.A:Allright.Seeyou!完型填空Thesedaysmenandwomen,youngandoldare1thesamekindof2,andalotof3__havelonghair(头发)•Weoftencan't4whethertheyareboysorgirls,menorwomen.__5oldmanoftengoestowalkinthepark•Heissittingonachairnow.AyoungTOC\o"1-5"\h\zpersonis67him."Oh,goodness!"theoldmansaystotheotherone."Doyou8thatpersonwithlonghair?Isitaboyoragirl?""Aboy,"saystheotherone."Heismyson.""Oh,"saystheoldman,"Please9me.Idon'tknowyouarehis__10・""I'mnothismother,I'mhisfather,"saystheotherone.1.A.havingB.wearingC.putingD.buying2.A.clothesB.treesC.picturesD.Bags3.A.weB.yourC・themD.Theirs4.A.talkB.teachC.sayDtell5.A.AnB.AC.TheD./6.A.runningB.flyingC.standingD.driving7.A.onB.besideC.inD.At8.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.Read9.A.helpB.excuseC.teachD.Ask10.A.babyB.sisterC.fatherD.Mother五.阅读理解(A)MrLiteachesChineseintheUSA.HecomesbacktoChinaeveryyear.Hegivesusatalk.Hesays,"KDayintheUSAisveryinteresting.Allchildrenlikeitverymuch.ItisonMarch7th.Whenyougooutonthatday,youcanseechildrenrunningwithkitesintheopenair露天）.Whenyoulookup,youcanseedifferentkitesinthesky（天空）.Somearebig,andsomearesmall.Theya