2022北京高三（上）期末英语汇编：阅读理解D篇

2022北京高三（上）期末英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2022•北京通州•高三期末）Whenyoubuyfoodorotherproductsatthestore,youprobablydon'tthinkmuchaboutthepeoplewhogrewthemormadethem.That'snormal,butmanyfarmersandothersinvolvedinproducingfoodandothergoodshaveveryhardlives.Farmersworkhardtogrowcrops,butsometimestheweatherisbad,andtheirfieldsdon'tproducemuch.Orsometimesthepriceofwhatpeopleproducegoesdown,andtheycan'tearnenoughtosupporttheirfamilies.Insomeindustries,workersarenotfairlypaidtomakeproductscheaper.Thefairtrademovementtriestosolvetheseproblemsbytakingcareofthepeoplewhoseworkbenefitsconsumers.Fairtradeisdifficulttodefinebecauseitincludesmultipleorganizationsinmanycountries.Theseorganizationsencouragedistributors（分俏商）（opayaspecified（指定的）minimumpriceforproducts.Thisminimumisoftenhigherthan（hemarketprice,butitmakessureproducersearnenoughtomakealiving.Distributorsalsopaysomeadditionalmoneythatgoestothecommunitythatproducedtheproduct.Thismoneyisspenttothrivethecommunity.Forexample,theymightbuildaschoolordigawell,eitherofwhichbenefitseveryonewhousesit.Tobelabeledfairtrade,productshavetobemadefollowingcertainhighstandardsrelatedtotreatingworkerswellandprotectingtheenvironment.Thiscanbeexpensive,butthehigherpricespaidbypurchaserscovertheextracosts.Thesestandardscanvaryfromindustrytoindustrytoreflectthedetailsofthevariousproductionprocesses.Whatdoesthismeanforyou?Manyfair-tradeorganizationsoffercertificationforproductsmadewithfair-tradeingredients（成分）.Therearedifferentlevelsofcertificationdependingonwhatpercentageoftheingredientsarefairtrade.Certainwebsitescanhelpyoufindfair-tradeproducts.Buyingfair-tradeproductswhenpossibleisimportantbecauseitcommunicatesthatyouwantcompaniestobeinvolvedinfairtrade.Businessesneedtomakemoney,somanufacturers（制J造商）aremorelikelytousefair-tradeingredientsiftheyknowpeoplewillpayforthem.It'salsoimportantforyourownintegrity.Buyingfairtradeensuresthatyou'renotbenefitingfromsomeoneelse'ssuffering.Ifyouwanttohelpmore,youcanwritetocompaniesyoubuyfromandaskthemtousefairtradeingredients.Inshort,fairtradeisabouthelpingpeoplewhohelpyouthroughtheirlabor.Thefairtrademovementaimslo.guidefarmerstoproducemorecropshelpthepeoplewhomaketheproductswcusetackletheproblemoffoodshortageinruralareaencourageconsumerstopurchasemoreproductsWhatdoestheunderlinedword"thrive"inParagraph2mean?A.Rebuild.B.Develop.C.Recover.D.Decorate.Inthefairtrademovement,theconsumersneedtopayahigherpricebecause.A.distributorsarcinchargeofthemarketpriceB.theproductslabeledfairtradeareofhigherqualityC.organizationsinfairtradeencouragethemtodosoSecond,itisincrediblynarrow-mindedtoassumethattheonlyservicelibrariesofferisbooklending.Librarieshavemorebenefits,andmanyareonlyavailableifthelibraryhasaphysicallocation.Someofthesebenefitsincludeactingasaquietstudyspace,givingpeopleawaytocommunicatewiththeirneighbors,holdingclassesonavarietyoftopics,providingjobsandkeepingthecommunityconnected.Oneneighborhoodfoundthat,afteralocallibraryinstitutedcommunityeventssuchasplaytimesforkidsandparents,jobfairsforteenagers,andmeetingspacesforseniorcitizens,overathirdofresidentsreportedfeelingmoreconnectedtotheircommunity.Similarly,asurveyconductedin2015foundthatnearlytwo-thirdsofAmericanadultsfeelthatclosingtheirlocallibrarywouldhaveamajorimpactontheircommunity.PeopleseelibrariesasawaytoconnectwithothersandgettheirquestionsansweredandbenefitsiPadscan'toffernearlyaswelloraseasily.WhilereplacinglibrarieswithiPadsmayseemlikeasimplesolution,itwouldencouragepeopletospendevenmoretimelookingatdigitalscreens,despitetheissuessurroundingthem.Ilwouldalsoendaccesstomanyofthebenefitsoflibrariesthatpeoplehavecometorelyon.Inmanyareas,librariesaresuchanimportantpartofthecommunitynetworkthattheycouldneverbereplacedbyasimpleobject.Digitalreadingsupportersmayagreethat.thepriceis（oohigh（omaintainlibrariesiPadsmakepeople'slearninglessconvenientprintedbooksarcmoreefficientthandigitalonesiPadsencouragepeopletospendmoretimeonlineTheauthorsupportshisideainParagraph3by.listingfiguresandshowingstudyingresultshighlightingthedifferencesbetweenthetwomediacomparingreadingefficiencythroughdifferentmediashowingadvantagesanddisadvantagesofreadingwithiPadsWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefunctionsofpubliclibraries?A.Unconcerned.B.Confused.C.Positive.D.Negative.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.WhyIPadsEncouragePeopletoRead?B.ShouldPublicLibrariesBeShutDown?C.WillIPadsTakethePlaceofPublicLibraries?D.HowAreIPadsAndPublicLibrariesDifferent?（2022•北京海淀•高三期末）MillionswatchtheOscarseveryyear,butI'malwaysinterestedintheRazzies（金酸梅奖），whichrecognizecinematicunderachievement.Foralltheattentiongiventowhatwelike,whatwedislikecanbejustasimportant,interestingandempowering.FrenchsociologistPierreBourdieusawdislikeassnobbery.Hesawalljudgmentsoftaste,favorableornot,asperformancesofclass.Therichcouldjustifytheirplace,heargued,byclaimingtohavemorerefinedtastes.Knowingwhichliteratureorarttopraisecouldsignalto.otherstheirrightfulplaceatthetopofsociety.Oversimplifiedhistheorymightbe,itisnotentirelywrong.Furthermore,dislikesareoftenusedasawaynottostandapartbuttofitin.Itmeanslearningtheunspokenrulesofwhat,sOKtolikeordislike,andtoproclaimthoselikesordislikesloudlyforotherstohear.Whensomeofusswimagainstthesocialtide,wemightbesavvy(精明的)enoughtolabelourlikesas“guiltypleasures”,whichbothacknowledgestherulesandapologizesforviolatingthem.Inmyresearch,though.Ifoundthatdislikeisn'tjustaformofsnobbery.Weinterviewedover200people,adiversegroupinrace,age,andsocialclass.All(heinterviewees(ended(oactivelydislikemediacontentfarmorewhentheyfelttheycouldn'tescapeit.Manypeoplecan'tchoosetheradiostationthat'splayingatwork,orwhat'sonTVat(hebar.Moreover,someofusaresubjectedtomoreannoyancethanothers.Remotecontrols,forinstance,havelongbeenseenasaspecialrightofdads,withwomenandkidsgivenlesspowertochangethechannel.Everyoneturnstomediahopingforspecificneedstobemet,butthosewhohavethoseneedsrealizedlessoftenarethosewhomightdislikemoreoften.Therefore,speakingaboutdislikesisanactofresistance—arefusaltoallowpublicspacetobeconqueredbythemediacontentthatdoesn'tconnect.Dislikecancertainlytransformintoangerorhate,butitmayalsolakeamoreplayfulform.Sometimeswecouldseepeoplejoyfullywatchtheobjectoftheirdislikeandofferacommentaryofcriticism,insteadoftuningoutandturningoff.Why?Revelingindislikecanhelpregaincontrolinaworldthatoverwhelmseveryonewithcontent.Keepingthedespisedshowsathandratherthanavoidingthemcanhelpthedislikersspeakupinthecourtofpublicopinion.Orsomemightenjoytheirdislikesasawaytoavoidruiningcertainrelationships.Manyofuscanprobablyrelatetotheexperienceofhavingafriendwhoinsistswewatchsomethingagainstourwill.Whatif,ratherthanresentingtheshowortheperson,vvesimplyembraceitinallofitsembarrassingglory?Byallmeans,payattentiontotheadviceto“ignorethehalers”.Butalotcanbelearnedbylisteningtothedislikers.AccordingtoParagraph3,peoplelabeltheirlikesas“guiltypleasures”whenthey.A.followthemainstreamB.takepridein(heirtasteC.setuptheunspokenrulesD.trytofitintoacertaingroupWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Dislikescanhefoundmostlyamongtherich.Learningaboutliteratureandartisanactofsnobbery.Expressingdislikehelpsmaintainone'ssocialrelationships.Exposuretounwantedmediacontentintensifiespeople'sdislike.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"Revelingin"inthetextprobablymean?A.Takingdelightin.B.Showingconcernfor.C.Drawinglessonsfrom.D.Establishingconnectionto.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?Weareencouragedtolaunchdebatesoverhotissuesinpublic.Stayingawayfromthehatersisasensiblemeanstoavoidtrouble.Embracingourdislikescanbeawaylodealwithpowerimbalance.Themediashouldaimtomeettheneedsofdifferentgroupsofaudience.(2022•二化京东城•高三期末)Lotsofhumanscannotresistinterpretingdogs'facesinthetermsdefinedbyhumanlanguages.Apuppylickingyourcheckenthusiasticallyisgivinga"kiss".Ifdogscouldspeakliketheirowners,manyhumanswanttoknow,whatwouldtheirdogshavetosay?IntothemarketforanswersstepChristinaHunger,authorofthebookHowStellaLearnedtoTalk,andAlexisDevine,(heownerofBunny,aTikTokstarwithover6.3mfollowers.Aftercarefultraining,bothStellaandBunnycanpawaseriesofbuttonsthatmakearecordedvoicespeakoneofseveraldozenprogrammedwords.BothMs.DevineandMs.Hungerclaimthattheirdogsareusinglanguage.Humanlinguiststendtobeskepticalof"talking"animals.Tounderstandwhy,considerNoamChomsky'scriticalreviewof"VerbalBehaviour"byB.F.Skinner,apioneerinbehavioralpsychology.Skinnerdescribedhumanlanguageacquisitionashedidotherlearnedbehaviours:thestrengtheningofaresponseafterconditioningwithastimulus.Ifsaying"food"getsyoufood,you'remorelikelytosayit.Skinnerwrotethat"ifwearcshownaprizedworkofartandshout'Beautiful!*,thespeedandenergyoftheresponsewillhaveaneffectontheowner."Mr.Chomskynotedthatthisreasoningmightleadpeople"tocryout'Beautiful'inaloudvoice,repeatedlyandwithnodelay".Realhumans,bycontrast,mightinfactshowappreciationthroughalongmomentofsilence,andthenbarelywhisperedpraise.Ms.Hungercameupwithherbuttonsystemafterworkingwithchildrenwhowerenotdevelopinglanguagenormallyundhashelpedmanyyoungstersexpressthemselvesbetter(oftenwithtabletcomputers).Butsomedogexpertsdislikethepracticeofforcingword-basedcommunicationontodogs.Byfocusingonabasickindoflanguagethatseemshuman,itignoresdogs'abilitiestoexpressthemselvesintheirownways.Dogsarefbndofsniffingeachother,whoareusingsensitivenosestoexchangeinformation,aboutage,healthandotherthings.Dogsurinatefrequentlynot,asonceassumed,primarilytoclaimterritory,buttoleavesimilarinformationforothers.Posture,too,conveysmassesofinformationbetweendogs;eyes,earsandteethcontributetoarangeofmessagestransmittedbetweenthem.Finally,theirownvocalizations,thoughhardlyofthewords-and-syntaxtypethatmakeuphumanlanguage,arecomplicated.Scientistshaveyettoreportonthe"talking"abilitiesofdogslikeStellaandBunny.Inthemeantime,ordinaryownerscanhaveagoattrainingtheirdogswiththeadviceMs.Hungeroffers.Ortheycantryanotherapproach:buyoneofthemanygoodbooksonunderstandinghowdogsnaturallycommunicate,andspendthetimetheymightinvestinprogrammingbuttonsongettingtoknowtheirpetsinstead.Eventhebest-traineddogisapoorconversationalistinhumanterms—butabrilliantoneontheirown.WhydoestheauthormentionStellaandBunny?A.Topresentanattempt.B.Toputforwardatheory.C.Tosettleanargument.D.Toproveanassumption.Whatcanweleamfromthepassage?Chomskyfurtherdevelopedbehavioralpsychology.Devine'sandHunger'spracticesagreewithSkinner'stheory.Liinguageisacquiredbystrengtheningaconditionedresponse.Hunger'sbuttonsystemhelpschildrentoexpressthemselvesbetter.Accordingtotheauthor,thosewhotrytoprovedogs'languageability.A.ignoredogs'psychologicalneedsB.suggestanewwaytogettoknowdogsC.failtoacknowledgewhatmakesadogadogD.believedogshavetheirownlanguagesystemWhatmessagedoestheauthorconveytodogowners?Adogdeservesmorecareandcompany.Trainingcanhelpadoglearnhumanlanguage.Improvingtheirunderstandingofpetsiscrucial.Researchonanimalbehaviorstillhasalongwaytogo.参考答案B2.B3.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公平贸易运动试图通过照顾那些工作对消费者有利的人来解决这些问题。公平贸易就是要帮助那些通过劳动帮助你的人。.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句"Inshort,fairtradeisabouthelpingpeoplewhohelpyouthroughtheirlabor.（简而言之，公平贸易就是要帮助那些通过劳动帮助你的人）''所以公平贸易运动的目的就是帮助那些生产我们使用的产品的人。故选B。.词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句"Forexample,theymightbuildaschoolordigawell,eitherofwhichbenefitseveryonewhousesil.（例如，他们可能会建一所学校或挖，口井，其中任何•种都会让使用它的人受益）”可知，这个例子是在解释这些钱被用在了社会发展上，是人类获益。故选B。.细节理解题。根据第三段前两句"Tobelabeledfairtrade,productshavetobemadefollowingcertainhighstandardsrelatedtotreatingworkerswellandprotectingtheenvironment.Thiscanbeexpensive,butthehigherpricespaidbypurchaserscovertheextracosts.（要想被贴上公平贸易的标签，产品必须按照与善待工人和保护环境有关的某些高标准来生产。这可能会很贵，但买家支付的较高价格抵消了额外的成本）''可知，消费者支付较高的价格主要是因为他们需要支付费用来满足高标准生产。故选D。.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国政府的一项研究发现，面部识别技术在识别戴口罩的人方面正变得越来越好。.推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句"Overall,theresearchshowsthetop-performingfacialrecognitionsystemsfailtocorrectlyidentifyunmaskedindividualsabout0.3percenlofthetimeand（hefailureraterosetoabout5percentwithmaskedimages.Manyofthelowerperformingalgorithms,however,hadmuchhighererrorrateswithmaskedimages—ashighas20to50percent."（总的来说，研究表明，表现最好的面部识别系统不能正确地识别出大约0.3%个未被蒙面的人。而在使用蒙面图像的情况下，失败率上升到5%左右。然而，许多表现较差的算法，对蒙面图像的错误率要高得多一高达20%到50%。）可知，作者主要通过提供数据和对比的方式来呈现研究结果。故选C。.细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句"Thenewstudyalsoranteststoseewhetherdifferentcoloredmaskswouldaffecterrorrates.M（这项新研究还进行了测试，看不同颜色的口罩是否会影响错误率。）和倒数第四句"Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.”（研究还发现，圆形口罩（只覆盖嘴和鼻子）比宽口罩（覆盖脸颊）产生的错误要少。）可知，口罩的多样性影响面部识别的有效性。故选D。.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Theresearchfindingssuggestedthatgenerally,theredandblackmasksledtohigher面lureratesthantheothercolors.”（研究结果表明，一般来说，红色和黑色面具比其他颜色的面具失败率更高。）和倒数第四句"Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.^^（研究还发现，圆形口罩（只覆盖嘴和鼻子）比宽口罩（覆盖脸颊）产生的错误要少。）可知，一位戴着红色宽口罩的女士会最难识别。故选B。.推理判断题。全文只是介绍了对人脸识别系统的研究，并没有表达作者的个人观点，所以作者对人脸识别系统持客观态度。故选A。.D9.A10.CII.B【分析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了中国哲学对养育子女提供了大最的方法资源，作者认为尽管中国哲学提供了充足的育儿经验，但是育儿是复杂的困难的，不是简单顺利的。.细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Parentingistough,especiallybecausethereisn'taone-size-fits-allapproach.Differentkidsneeddifferentlhings.（养育孩子是困难的，特别是因为没有一种通用的方法。不同的孩子需要不同的东西。）”可知，根据作者的说法，养育子女是困难的，因为找不到适合每个孩子的标准方法。故选D。.细节理解题。根据原文第三段"Asuccessfullifeisoneinwhichapersonflourishes:theyarchappy,fulfilled,andtheyfindmeaninginwhatiheydoandwhoiheyare.（一个成功的人生是一个人繁荣的人生：他们快乐、充实，他们从自己的工作和身份中找到意义。广可知中国古代哲学家的观点是成功的人会感到成功，因为他们过着有意义的生活。故选Ao.推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段的“TheirdiverseviewsonlivingagoodlifearepreciselywhatmakesChinesephilosophysuchagreatresourcefbrparents.”（他们对美好生活的不同看法正是使中国哲学成为父母的巨大资源的原因。）可知，从这篇文章中我们能推断出儒家和道家思想为父母提供了丰富的育儿资源。故选C。.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“TheirdiverseviewsonlivingagoodlifearepreciselywhatmakesChinesephilosophysuchagreatresourcefbrparents.”（他们对美好生活的不同看法正是使中国哲学成为父母的巨大资源的原因。）和最后——段的“Parentingismessy.Itisnotsimpleorstraightfbnvardbutcomplexanddifficult.Therearenomagicsolutionsthatmakethingseasyorsmooth.”（为人父母很麻烦。它不是简单或直接的，而是复杂和困难的。没有神奇的解决方案可以让事情变得简单或顺利。）可知作者认为中国哲学为父母提供了巨大的资源，但是为人父母是更杂困难的，没有什么神奇的解决方案使得育儿简单顺利，因此推断作者对将中国哲学应用于养育子女的态度是客观的。故选B。.C13.D14.B15.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以作者用其他的方法来评估大学。（详解】I.观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Rankings,however,areamisleadingwaytoassessuniversities."（然而，排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式。）可知，作者认为排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式，由此可以推断出，作者对大学排名的态度是不赞成的，C选项“Disapproving”（反对的；不赞成的）符合，A.Supportive.支持的；B.Indifferent.漠不关心的：D.Neutral.中立的，均不符，故选C。.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Ifrankingsmislead,whatis（healternative?Forgenerations,buyershaveturnedtoConsumerReportsfbradviceaboutalmosteverythingexceptuniversityeducation.WhenConsumerReportsevaluatesaproduct,itassessesmultiplefactorssothatpotentialbuyerscanmaketheirownchoicewisely.Similarly,universityapplicantsneedinfbrmationaboutsomebasicvariables.”（如果排名误导了别人,那还有什么选择呢?几代人以来,除了大学教育，消费者几乎都是从《消费者报告》中获得各方面的建议。当《消费者报告》评估一个产品时，它评估了多个因素，以便潜在的买家能够明智地做出自己的选择。同样，大学申请者需要•些基本变量的信息。）可知，作者提到《消费者报告》是为了强调大学综合评价的必要性，故选D。.推理判断题o根据倒数第二段中的"theyshouldpicktheonetheyfindmostappealing;andtheyshouldnotwastetimeworryingaboutwhichis“thebest”."（他们应该挑选自己认为最有吸引力的学校，而不应该浪费时间担心哪一所学校是“最好的”。）可知，申请者应该申请自己认为最有吸引力的学校而不是那些排名最好的学校，由此可以推断出最适合申请者的学校，不一定是排名最好的学校，故选.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的"ItwouldbegreattohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.Ihopethatsomenationalpublicationwillhavethecouragetoproduceanannual,user-friendlyConsumerReports-styleanalysisofhighereducationinstitutions,evenifitisnotasattractiveasafootball-stylesetofrankings.”（如果能有一份大学的《消费者报告》就好了。我希望一些全国性的出版物有勇气对高等教育机构进行一年一度、用户友好型的消费者报告分析，即使它不像足球式的排名那么有吸引力也没关系。）可知，文章主要讲述了大学排名是是一-种误导性的评估方式，所以要用其他的方法来评估大学，即大学需要另一种评估方式。故选C。B17.D18.A19.C【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍音乐对身体和大脑的积极影响，它可以帮助学生克服学业障碍，进而获得更好的成绩。.词句猜测题。根据句中“helpstudents（帮助学生）”和划线词后“thephysicalandemotionalbarriers（身体和情感上的障碍）”可推知，划线词navigate是“帮助学生克服障碍”，与overcome同义。故选B项。.细节理解题。根据第二段"Thestudyfoundthatstudentstakingatesttomusicnotonlycompletedmorequestionswithinasettimebutalsoansweredmorequestionscorrectly.Musichasbeenfurtherlinkedtoimprovementsinmemoryandrecall.（研究发现，参加音乐测试的学生不仅在规定的时间内完成了更多的问题，而且答对了更多的问题。音乐还与记忆力和回忆能力的提升有进一步的联系）”可知，音乐可以帮助学生更好地记住相关信息。故选D项。.推理判断题。根据第三段“Abitofmoodmusicaffectsmorethanjustmemoryandrecallwhenstudentshitthebooks.Musiccanalsorelievestressassociatedwithschool.（当学习时，一点情绪音乐不仅是影响记忆和回忆。音乐还可以缓解与学校有关的压力）“、"Researchshowsthatcertaintypesofmusiccanmakephysicalpainfeellessintense.（研究表明，某些类型的音乐可以让身体上的疼痛感觉不那么强烈）"和"Wha/smore,calmingmusicwithasteady,meditativerhythmcanhelppeoplesleeplongerandmoredeeply4更重要的是，沉稳的、有冥想节奏的舒缓音乐可以帮助人们睡得更长、更深）''可推知，第三段主要是为了列举音乐对身心的影响。故选A项。.主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段"Musichasapowerfulinfluenceonboththebodyandthebrain,inwaysthatcanhelpstudentsnavigatethephysicalandemotionalbarriersthatcomewithacademicchallenges.（音乐对身体和大脑都有强大的影响，可以帮助学生克服学业挑战带来的身体和情感障碍）”可知，文章主要介绍音乐对身体和大脑的积极影响，可以帮助学生克服学业障碍，获得更好的成绩。C项“TheScoretoBellerScores（音乐助力高分）”是文章最佳标题。故选C项。20.D21.A22.A23.D【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了家庭血液检测系统的利弊。.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemfbrhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedlypainless,throwaway,blood-drawingcartridgesaboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoadevicethatlookslike（hebasefbranelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswithupdatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthstateandtipsonwhattocatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.（Cor公司已经在销售••种家庭血液检测系统。你用•支口红大小的抽血筒插入手臂，这种抽俶筒应该是无痛的，•次性的。然后你把墨盒插入一个看起来像电动牙刷底座的装置中。几分钟后，你手机上的一个应用程序就会为你提供更新的信息，包括你当前的健康状况，以及关于白天吃什么和如何锻炼的提示。）“可知，文章第二段主要讲述了家庭血液检测系统是如何工作的。故选D。.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It,shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountofblood.（另夕卜，家庭血检的结果可能是错误的。从少量血液中很难得到准确的结果。户可知，一些人怀疑定期的家庭血液检测，主要是因为它可能会给人们提供误导信息。故选A。.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句"Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.（但在未来，这种情况可能会改变。）”和文章第二段“ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtcsting.（Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统。户可推知，将来可以每天在家验血。故选A。.推理判断题。根据文章第三段"It'stniethatbloodcontainsawealthofinfbnnationaboutaperson'shealth.Specifictestcanrevealifapersonisinfectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorasiroke.（的确，血液中含有关于一个人健康的丰富信息。特定的测试可以揭示一个人是否感染了某种疾病，或者是否存在各种问题的风险，包括心脏病发作或中风。）”可知，作者认为验血能够揭示一些疾病；根据文章第五段“Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.（但并不是每个人都相信对健康人进行定期血液检测是个好主意。）”和文章第六段“Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.（另外，家庭血检的结果可能是错误的。厂可知，作者又提出了家庭验血的不利之处。由此可知，作者对家庭血检持客观态度。故选Do.B25.D26.C27.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了代际标签的制定，说明代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择。.细节理解题。根据第一段“Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbomin1946whilethelatterwasbomin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers".”（同时,唐纳德•特朗普和米歇尔•奥巴马都属于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他们都属于“婴儿潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代标签的人可能年龄不同。故选B项。.词句猜测题。根据第四段“Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextname”（但是，随着这一传统滑向一场无休止的要成为第一个提出下一个名字的竞争，）以及“ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicundcrstanding.^^（社会科学和公众理解的回报率逐渐下降。）可知，句中ihenexiname指的是为下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一个名字，推测划线单词表示“接受”，与isaccepted同义。故选D项。.推理判断题。根据第二段“Befbreyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes（刻板印象），letmestopyouthere:Justdont”（在你将这些不同的性格推入代际刻板印象之前，让我在这里阻止你：不要这样做。）以及第六段“We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon'tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren'treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters."（在学术社会科学中，我们研究和教授社会变革，但我们不研究和教授这些标签，因为它们根本不是真实的。在社会科学中，现实仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意将不同的性格推入代际刻板印象，认为代际标签是不真实的，可能同意将性格特征分配给某一代是错误的。故选C项。.主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要说明了代际标签的制定以及一些代际标签制定的发展，说明了代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择，所以“时代标签：是时候让它们退役了“可以作为文章标题。故选A项。.D29.B30.B31.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手工艺行业的优点及未来前景。.细节理解题。根据第二段"Craftsrequiredistinctskills,anall-roundapproachtoworkthatinvolvesthewholeproductandanattitudethatnecessitatesdevotiontothejobandafocusonthecommunalinterest.（手工艺需要独特的技能、涉及整个产品的全面的工作方法以及对这项工作的热爱和对共同利益的关注）''可知。手工艺需要对工作有全面的了解。故选D。.推理判断题。根据第四段“Asacurrentexample,theacademicscitetheagilemanifbsto（敏捷软件开发宣言）inthesoftwaresector,anindustryattheheartoftechnologicalchange.（作为当前的一个例子，学者们引用了软件行业的敏捷软件开发宣言，这是一个处于技术变革中心的行业）”可知，这个例子是针对本段开头“Forworkers,theappealofcraftsmanshipisthatitallowsthemtheautonomytomakecreativechoices,andthusmakesajobfarmoresatisfying.（对工人来说，手工艺的吸引力在于它让他们可以自主做出创造性的选择，从而使工作更加令人满意）”而列举的，由本句句意可知，这里在阐述手工艺给工人带来的好处。故选B。.推理判断题。根据后两段的内容，结合倒数第二段第一句"Butthebroaderquestioniswhethercraftscancreatealotmorejobsthantheydotoday.（但更深远的问题是手工艺是否能创造比今天多得多的就业机会）”可知，作者在后两段主要关注的是手工艺行业的前景。故选B。.主旨大意题。文章开头描写了手工艺者将修复好的传家宝交给物主时令人感动的场景，说明这是个富有人情味的行业，倒数第二段第一句"Butthebroaderquestioniswhethercraftscancreatealotmorejobsthantheydotoday.（但更深远的问题是手工艺是否能创造比今天多得多的就业机会户并结合文章介绍了手工艺行业的优点及未来前景，可知“TheHumanTouch―CraftsandtheFutureofWork（人情味的手工艺行业和未来的工作）”适合作为本文标题。故选Co【点睛】.A33.A34.C35.B【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了公共图书馆应不应该关闭的问题，介绍了支持关闭图书馆的人的理由以及作者对关闭图书馆的看法。.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Supportersofthisideastatethatitwillsavelocalcitiesandtownsmoneybecauselibrariesareexpensivetomaintain.（这种想法的支持者声称，这将节省当地城市和城镇的资金，因为图书馆的维护费用昂贵）”可知，数字阅读的支持者可能会同意A选项“维持图书馆的费用太高了”的观点。故选A。.推理判断题。根据第三段"However,itwouldbeaseriousmistaketoreplacelibrarieswithiPads.First,digitalbooksandresourcesarcassociatedwithlesslearningandmoreproblemsthanprintresources.Astudydoneontabletandbookreadingfoundthatpeopleread20-30%sloweroniPads,remember20%lessinformation,andunderstand10%lessofwhattheyreadcomparedtopeoplewhoreadthesameinformationinprint.Additionally,staringtoolongatascreenhasbeenshowntocausesomehealthproblems,includingdizziness,dryeyes,headaches,shoulderandbackpainandsoon.Weshouldnotaddtotheseproblemsbygivingpeople,especiallyyoungpeople,morereasonstolookatscreens.（然而，用iPad取代图书馆将是一个严重的错误。首先，与印刷资源相比，数字书籍和资源会带来更少的学习和更多的问题。一项关于平板电脑和书籍阅读的研究发现，与阅读纸质书的人相比，人们在iPad上阅读的速度要慢20-30%,记住的信息少20%,理解的内容少10%。此外，长时间盯着屏幕会导致一些健康问题，包括头晕、眼干、头痛、肩膀和背部疼痛等。我们不应该给人们，尤其是年轻人，更多看屏幕的理由，从而增加这些问题）“可推知，作者在第三段中通过列举数字和展示研究结果来支持他的观点。故选A。.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Second,itisincrediblynarrow-mindedtoassumethattheonlyservicelibrariesofferisbooklending.Librarieshavemorebenefits,andmanyareonlyavailableifthelibraryhasaphysicallocation.Someofthesebenefitsincludeactingasaquietstudyspace,givingpeopleawaytocommunicatewiththeirneighbors,holdingclassesonavarietyoftopics,providingjobsandkeepingthecommunityconnected.（其次，认为图书馆提供的唯一服务就是借书，这种想法太狭隘了。图书馆有更多的好处，而且很多只有在图书馆有物理位置时才可用。这些好处包括充当•个安静的学习空间，给人们提供•个与邻居交流的方式，举办各种主题的课程，提供就业机会，保持社区联系）”以及最后一段中“Inmanyareas,librariesaresuchanimportantpartofthecommunitynetworkthattheycouldneverbereplacedbyasimpleobject.（在许多领域，图书馆是社区网络的重要组成部分，它们永远无法被一个简单的对象所取代）''可推知，作者对公共图书馆的功能持积极态度。故选C。.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Asonlinelearningbecomesmorecommonandmoreandmoreresourcesbecomedigitalform,somepeoplehavesuggestedthatpubliclibrariesshouldbeshutdownand,intheirplace,everyoneshouldbegivenaniPad.（随着在线学习变得越来越普遍，越来越多的资源变成数字形式，一些人建议关闭公共图书馆，并给每个人一个iPad）”结合文章主要论述了公共图书馆应不应该关闭的问题，介绍了支持关闭图书馆的人的理由以及作者对关闭图书馆的看法。可知，B选项“公共图书馆应该关闭吗？"最符合文章标题。故选B。.D37.D38.A39.C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了我们所不喜欢的也很重要，而接受我们不喜欢的东西是一种处理权力不平衡的方法。.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Furthermore,dislikesareoftenusedasawaynottostandapartbuttofitin.Itmeanslearningtheunspokenrulesofwhat'sOKtolikeordislike,andtoproclaimthoselikesordislikesloudlyforotherstohear.Whensomeofusswimagainstthesocialtide,wemightbesavvy（精明的）enoughtolabelourlikesas"guiltypleasures",whichbothacknowledgestherulesandapologizesforviolatingthem.（此外，不喜欢经常被用来作为一，种方式，而不是与众不同，而是融入。它意味着学习那些可以喜欢或不喜欢的潜规则，并大声说出那些喜欢或不喜欢的东西让别人听到。当我们中的一些人与社会潮流背道而驰时，我们可能足够聪明，将自己的喜好贴上“罪恶的快乐”的标签，这既承认了规则，也为违反了规则而道歉。）”可知，当人们试图融入某个群体时，他们会将自己的喜好贴罪恶的快乐”的标签。故选D。.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Alltheintervieweestendedtoactivelydislikemediacontentfarmorewhentheyfelttheycouldn,tescapeit.（当受访者觉得无法逃避时，他们更倾向于主动地不喜欢媒体内容。）'K『Moreover,someofusaresubjectedtomoreannoyancethanothers.（此外,我们中的一些人比其他人遭受更多的烦恼。）”可推断，接触在不需要的媒体内容中会加剧人们的反感。故选D。.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Keepingthedespisedshowsathandratherthanavoidingthemcanhelp（hedislikersspeakupinthecourtofpublicopinion.Orsomemightenjoytheirdislikesasawaytoavoidruiningcertainrelationships.（保留那些受人鄙视的节目，而不是避开它们，可以帮助那些不喜欢的人在公众舆论的法庭上畅所欲言。或者有些D.theyneedtopayfortheexpensetomeetthehighcriteria(202