张平英汉翻译

AConclusionoftheCourseinEnglish-ChineseTranslationWehavelearnedthecourseinEnglish-Chinesetranslationforthreemonthssothatwecandeliveradefinitioninourownwords.Asmyunderstanding,translationmeanstranslatethesourcelanguageintotargetlanguageandhasalltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.Translationisadifficultandcreativepracticalactivity,whichcomesfromtherealityofsociety,cultureandlanguageandgivesservetoimprovetheirdevelopment.Theprocessoftranslationnotonlyinvolvetwolanguages,butalsoinvolvetwosocialculture.Meanwhile,translationbelongtoacomprehensivesubject,whichhasacloserelationshipwithlinguistics,rhetoric,notation,psychology,anthropology.Inword,translationisacreativeactivity,whichconsiststheory,skillsandarts.theprincipleandstandardoftranslationItissignificantfortranslationtoconfirmtheprincipleoftranslation.TherearethreeprinciplescameupwithbyAlexanderFraserTytler.First,atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.Second,thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.Third,thetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.Whatihavementionedforcedmetopointotherimportantstandards.IntheQingDynasty,YanFuestablishedathreecharacterstandardintranslation:faithfulness,expressiveness,andelegance,whichhasaprofoundinfluenceintranslationcircles.Lastbutnotleast,Luxunalsohasamomentousstandardabouttranslation.Oneis“Xin".Thestandardof“Xin"requiresthetranslationtexttobefaithfultothemeaningoftheoriginaltextandtexttranslatedhasnoobviouscharacteristicsofrewriting,omittingandtwisting.Theotheroneis“Shun".Thestandardof“Shun"requiresthetranslationtexttobesmoothtothemeaningoftheoriginaltextandnoobscurewords.Forexample:Janedosenotworkhardbecauseshewantstoearnmoney.误译：因为简想赚钱，所以才不下力。推荐译法：简并不是因为想赚钱才下力干的。Shenotlaughsalotbuthasaheartofgold.原译：她不仅常常大笑，而且还有一颗黄金之心。推荐译文：她不仅笑口常开，而且还有一颗金子般的心。Wefindthatpreservationoftheoriginalnationalflavor,faithfulnessoftheoriginalcontentandmaintenanceoftheoriginalstylehaveequalimportance.Therefore,onlythroughathoroughunderstandingoftheirconceptualandpragmaticmeanings,anarticletranslatedcanreachthestandardoffaithfulnessandsmoothness.Inmyopinion,precisenessisagoodpointshouldbeaddedintothestandardoftranslation.Duetothedifferentsocialcultureandwayofthinking,wewillmakemanymistakes,whichisseriousproblemforyourwork.Butforabusinesscompany,theymayloseagreatchanceorcompetition.whatismore.Ifyouwereatranslatorinofficial,yourmistakemayleadtotheneglectimpactbetweentwocountries.Itisnecessaryforustofollowthestandardofpreciseness.theprocessoftranslationTheprocessoftranslationwehavementionedcanbedividedintotwoparts:AccuratecomprehensionandAdequaterepresentation.Thewholeprocessofthecomprehensionisbidirectional:First,understandingitfromwholetodetail.Second,fromdetailtowhole.Thatmeansweshouldreadthewholetextandunderstanditmacroscopically,nextweneedlearnthedetailcarefullyuntiltranslatethewholepassagebycombiningthewholeanddetail.Forexample:Ihadnotknownhimfor20yearswithoutlearningthathealwayskeptintheupper-leftpocketofhiswaistcoatthelittlebookinwhichheputdownhisengagements.我认识他已有20年之久，知道他马甲左上方的那个口袋里，总是放着一个小本本，里面写着他的约会安排。Whenyoureadthissentencefirst,youshouldanalyzethestructureofthewholesentence.Andthenanalyzingthesemanticsrelationshipbetweenwholeanddetail.Thetwonegativeneeduspaymoreattention.Intheend,wecantranslateitbythecustomofchina.Absolutely,therearethreeimportantwaystocomprehension,semanticanalysis,analysisofthecontextofsituationandpragmaticanalysis,thatishouldnotignore.TheotherpartoftranslatingprocessisAdequateRepresentation.AdequateRepresentationexpresstheoriginalarticle'sthoughts,emotionsandthewritingstylebyusingtheabilityofmasteringtargetlanguage.Twotranslatingmeansincludedinadequaterepresentationareliteralformandfreeform,whichisalwaysthecontroversyatalltimesandinallovertheworld.Literalformisainterpretingway,thatisfaithfultooriginalarticleandlivesuptotheoriginalstructure.Contrastthatfreeformnotonlyisfaithfultheoriginalpassage,butalsocastsoffthestructureuntilthetargetlanguageaccordswithChinesecustom.Forinstance:Ifapersonhadoncebeentakentoherheart,shewouldhearnothingsaidagainsthim.直译：一旦她爱上一个人，她不会听取任何反对他的话。意译：情人眼里出西施。Afterlearnedthattwoparts,iwouldliketorefertoanothertranslatewayintheprocessofthetranslation.Foreignizinganddomesticatingsolvetheproblemthatwemustmeetwhentranslatebetweenreservationandannotation.Foreignizingisawaywanttokeepthecharacterofforeignculture,otherthanexplainthecharacterbydomesticating.Foreignizing（洋化）：Eg.Invaintomethesmilingmorningsshine,AndreddeningPhoebusliftshisgoldenfire.我眼前徒有微笑的早晨在闪耀，徒有红脸的菲勃斯高举金色的火。Domesticating（归化）：Lovelivesincottagesaswellasincourts.爱情不分贫富。theskilloftranslationMeanwhile,thereareseveralimportanttranslatingskillsgivingmeasmartwaytodomyhomeworkandguidingmystudyinthefuture.Divisionisoneofthemtranslatingthewholesentenceintoseveralpartswithintherequireofpassage.Simply,divisionmakeswholetoparts.Oppositely,synthesizationcombinesthepartsofsentenceintoonesothatyouwillfeelthepassageiscompactandsuccinct.Usingthetwoskillstogetheriseffectiveandpracticaltothetranslation.Theothercrucialskilli'dliketoexplainareliteralmeaninganddeepmeaning.Itrequiresusunmaskthemeaningbetweenthelines,behindthelinesandbeyondthelines.Whenwetranslate,weshouldconsideratethetextualandscenescarefully,aswellasdrawourattentiontothespeciallinguisticphenomenon.Suchasirony'srealmeaningisoppositetoliteralmeaning.Soweshouldnottranslatethepassagesimplytoavoidbringingunnecessarymistake.Forexample,peoplesaysarcastically，“bighelpyouare”，toshowtheirhelptoothersformthebottomofheart,sowecannottranslateitwithgratitude.Atthistime,wecanaddsomewordstoexposetheintendedmeaning.Euphemismandidiomarealsopaidmoreattentiontoconsidering.Anotherpoint,weshouldlearnthebehindmeaningandspirit,andexpressthemusingourownwords.Loveandresentment,indifferenceandempathy,supportingandagainst,orderandrequestandsoon.Suchastheword“cheap"givesusafeelingthatsomegoodispoorsothatmostofpeoplechangetouse“inexpensive"toexpresssomegoodshaveareasonableprice.Last‘consideringthebeyondmeaningsitsthemajorseat.Onepointdeservingtoattentionisthatweshouldrememberthecooperativeprincipleatthetimewetranslate.Thelasttranslatingskilliwanttoexplainistranslatingsentencebymeaninggroup.Linearinterpreting,generallyspeaking,asksustodepartthetranslateoriginalsentenceintoseveralsene-groups,andthenaddingsomeconjunctionstofinishtheunderstandingofthesentence.Bycontrast,theinversetranslationcombinestheseveralmeaninggroupsintoonetarge