中国民航管制员ICAO英语考试OPI完整版16套

0PI完整版16套OPI1Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingasanairtrafficcontroller?你作为一名管制员工作多长时间了？Ihaveworkingasanairtrafficcontrolleraboutfourteenyears,IamaTowercontrollerwiththisunit.Areyouproudofyourselfasacontroller?Why?你作为一名管制员感到自豪吗？为什么？Yes,Iamproud.BecauseIthinkourworkisanhonorablework,wemakesurethesafetyofthepeople'slifeandtheproperty.Couldyougiveageneralintroductionofthearea/orairspaceunderyourcontrol?你能对你指挥下的区域或空间做一个简单的介绍吗？I'matowercontroller,inmycontrolarea,therearethreecorridors,oneisfromBeijing,twoisfromShangHai,threeisfromHaerbin.Let'stalkaboutmissedapproachHaveyouevercontrolledaflightwhichmadeamissedapproach?Yes,Ihavecontrolled，aflightnotlandontherunwayandmadeamissedappi^chduethemnw町occupiedbyunknownvehicle.Whatreasonsdoyouthinkmaycauseamissedapproach?你认为什么原因能导致一起复飞？Forexample:poorvisibility,tooclosetoprecedingaircraft,strongcrosswind,runwayoccupiedbyunknownvehicleoraircraft,landinggearproblem.Whathelpdoyouthinkthepilotsmayneedwhenexecutingmissedapproach?当执行复飞时，你觉得飞行员都需要什么帮助？Controltheaircraftclimbtothesafetyaltitudeandtheotheraircraftontherunwaynotdeparture,controltheaircraftagainapproachorothersituationaccordingtopilotdecision.Doyouthinkthestandardproceduresformissedapproachcanprovideconveniencebothforthepilotsandcontrollers?你觉得标准的复飞程序能提供给飞行员和管制员什么便利？Yes,thestandardproceduresformissedapproachcanmakethepilotsandcontrollersknowwhatsituationshouldmissedapproachandconveniencecontrollersandpilotsoperation.&HowcouldamissedapproachinfluenceATCwork?复飞如何影响空管工作？MissedaproachcanmaketheATCworkmorebusinessthannormalsituationandinfluenceotheraircraftlandinganddeparture.Doyouthinkitisnecessarytomakeamissedapproachforflightsafetyundercertainsituations?你认为在某个已确定位置复飞对飞行安全是必要的吗？Yes,Ithinkitisnecessary・Becauseiflowthecertainsituationmakeamissedapproachmaycausethisaircraftdangerous.ThefollowingquestionsareaboutairmissHaveyoueverexperiencedairmissinyourwork?Ifyes,pleasesharethestorywithme;ifno,haveyouheardanyofthat?你曾经在你工作中见过空中危险接近吗？如果见过，请和我分享这个故事，如果没有，说一说你所听到的?No.Iamnotexperience,butIhaveheared.Theairforceaircraftnearthesamealtitudepassengeraircraftlowtheminimumsafeyseparationandcausethepassengeraircraftchangelevelandheadingtoavoid.Whatreasonsmaycauseanairmiss?什么原因导致空中危险接近？Controllerinstructionmistake,pilotoperationmistake,unknowntrafficapproachtheaircraft,instrumentproblemcauseemergencydescendandotherreasons.Whataresomeoftheseparationlimitsinyourcontrolunit?在你的管制单位里，间隔限制都有什么?Radarcontrol:thesamelevel40kilometers,samedirectioncross15kilometers,oppositedirectioncross40kilometres.Procedurecontrolis10minutes.Iftheseparationlimitsbetweentwoaircraftisgoingtobeexceeded,whatwillyoudo?如果两架飞机小于间隔，你将怎么做?Ishouldchangeheading,changealtitude,makeorbitorothermethodtoagainestablishedtheminimumsafeseparation.Whatdoyouthinkaresomeoftheconsequencesofanairmiss?你认为危险接近的后果有哪些？AnairmissmaycausethistwoaircraftsseparationlowtheminimumsafetyseparationandcauseaircraftTCASalertorcollisionwithotheraircraftonairanditmayincreasecontrollersworkingpressure.Canyousuggestsomegoodwaystoavoidorpreventairmisseffectively?你能建议一些好办法去避免或阻止危险接近的发生吗？Controllersinstructionmustbecarefully,correctandobserveotherflightsandunknowntrafficflydirectionbyradar.Pilotshouldrepeatandoperationcorrect.OPI2WhichATCunitdoyouworkin?你在那个空管部门工作？IamaTowercontroller,rmworkatShenYangTower.What'yourpositionnowandwhat'sthemainresponsibilityofyourposition?现在你在什么岗位？你的岗位最重要的职责是什么?IamainstructorandIhelpthenewcontrollerprogress.Haveyoueverreceivedsometrainingrelatedtoairtrafficcontrolrecently?Couldyousaysomethingaboutthat?■=j

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最谈吗?Yes,Ihave.Ihavereceivedtheradarsimulationtraining.Let'stalkaboutabnormalsituationsWhatkindofabnormalsituationshaveyoueverexperiencedinthepast?过去，什么类型的不正常情况是你经历过的？Radarfailure,communicationfailure,TCASandinstrumentfailure,enginefailure,birdstrikecausewindshieldproblem,pressurizationfailureanddecompression.Accordingtoyourunderstanding,whatarethemainprincipleswhendealingwithabnormalsituations?就你的理解，当不正常情况发生时，什么是最主要的准则?Ithinkwemustkeepcalmwhentalkwithpilotthroughthetransmitter,makesureunstandthenatureofemergencyandpilotintention,maintainsafetyseparation,givepilotsufficienttimeandmaximunmsupporttoworkontheirproblem.Whatpersonalityshouldanairtrafficcontrollerhavewhendealingwithabnormaloremergencysituations?当不正常情况或紧急情况发生时，作为一名空管员应具备什么样的品质？Anairtrafficcontrollershouldtalkwithpilotkeepcalm,supportmessageandinformationtopilotandhaveacoolheadwhendealingwithemergencysituation.Doyouhavestandardproceduresforabnormaloremergencysituationsinyourcontrolunit?Couldyoupleasegiveanexample?在你的管制部门，有标准程序应对不正常或紧急事件吗？你能给举个例子吗？Yes,wehave.Whenradarfailureweshouldadviseaircraftradarfailureandresumeprocedurecontrol,establishprocedureseparation;reporttoradarmaintancemanandleader;adviseothercontrolunitsradarfailureandmaketheaircraftwaitintheirareaaccordingtoradarfailureprocedure.Haveyoueverhadtroubleincommunicatingwithforeignpilotswhendealingwithabnormalsituations?Ifyes,howdidyouovercomethetroubletoensureflightsafety?当不正常情况发生时，你感觉和国外机组通话有难度吗？如果是，你怎样战胜困难来确保飞行安全?Yes,Ithinkhave,wedonotfullyunderstandforeignpilotsmeanswhentheyencounteremergencysituationbecausetheyspeaksofastandnotusestandardcommunicationsometimes・WeshouldusestandardcommunicationandfrequentlystudyEnglish,listeningforeignradioandwatchingforeignfilmimprovemyEnglishability.Assumetheflightcrewreportthatonepassengeronboardhadaheartattack,howdoyouhandlethesituationwhenyouareonduty?当你值班的时候，机组报告一位乘客的心脏病发作了，你应该如何处理？Ishouldaccordingtopilotintentioncontrolthisflightprioritylandingoralternativetothenearestairport,coordinateairforcemakethisflightdirecttolandingairporttosavetime,controlotherflightavoidandcallambulancewaitatlandingairport.Now,let'schangetothetopicrelatedtoflowcontrolWhatreasonsmaycauseflowcontrol?什么原因能导致流控？Badweatherforlandingairport,airforcetraffic,expectsomanyflightsintotheareainthefuturetime.Doyouthinkitisnecessarytoimposeflowcontrol?你认为利用流控的原因是什么？Yes,Ithinkitisnecessary.Theflowcontrolcanreducethecontrollerspressure,reducetheroutecongestionandmoresafetythannoflowcontrol.Whatconsequencesdoesflowcontrolbringtocontrollers,airlinecompanies,pilotsandpassengersrespectively?流控给空管，航空公司，机组和旅客带来的后果分别是什么？Flowcontrolcanreducethecontrollerspressure;increaseairlinecompaniescostwhenwaitingforlongtimeattheairport;increasepilotsflytimeevenoverthecompanyruletime;increasepassengerswaitingtimeevennotcatchupwiththenextflight.Whoisresponsibleformakingadecisiontocontroltrafficflow?谁负责做出一个决定来控制交通流量?Thecontrolunitdirectorresponsiblefordecisiontocontroltrafficfloeaccordingtothetrafficflowexpectingsystemandreportleaderwhetherapprovedissuethecontroltrafficflow.Whatfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenmakingadecisiontocontroltrafficflow?当做了一个管制流控决定时，什么因素将被考虑？Thecontroltrafficflowtimenotsolongandthedistancenotsolargeotherwisecausemanyflightsdelaymuchtime;theimportantflightsarenotrestriction.Afteralongdelayonthegroundbecauseofflowcontrol,pilotsarelikelytobeanxious,howdoyoudealwiththeircomplaintsandquarrelsonyourfrequency?由于流控在地面被延误很长时间后，机长很焦急，你如何在你的波道里化解他们的抱怨和争吵？Ishouldkeepmyheadandnotquarrelwithpilotsonmyfrequency,Ishouldtellpilotstheflowcontrolreason,flowcontrolinformation,waitingsequenceandestimateddeparturetime.OPI3DoyouoftencommunicatewithforeignpilotsinEnglish?Ifyes,doyouhaveanyproblemsinradiotelephonycommunication?你经常与外国飞行员用英语通讯吗？如果是的，你在用无线电通讯中有什么问题吗？Yes,IoftenuseEnglishinmywork.IftheyspeaksofastandIamnotfullunderstandwhattheysay.DoyouthinkitisnecessarytospeakEnglishinradiotelephonycommunicationwithChinesepilots?Why?你认为与中国飞行员在无线电通讯中讲英语是必须的吗？为什么？No,Idon'tthinkitisnecessary.Becauseitmaycausemisunderstand.DoyouthinkspeakingEnglishmaycausemorecommunicationmisunderstanding?Why?你认为讲英语可能引起更多的通讯误会吗？Yes,Ithinkso.BecauseEnglishisnotourmothertongue.Now,let'stalksomethingaboutrunwayincursions.Therunwayisacriticalareaforflightsafety;doyouknowanythingaboutrunwayincursions?对于飞行安全，跑道是一个关键区域，你知道任何关于跑道入侵的事情吗？Theaircraftandvehicleentertherunwayarenotclearancebycontrollers;theaircraftorvehiclecrossthewaitpositionofrunway;theaircraftorvehiclecrossyhelandingordepartureaircraft.Whatcouldcausearunwayincursion?什么能够引起跑道入侵？Thepilotanddriverarenotlistenthecontrollersinstruction;radiocommunication;forgettheaircraft,vehicleorpersonontherunway;workingcondition.Whatconsequencesmayarunwayincursionbring?跑道入侵可能带来什么样的后果？Runwayincursionmaycausetheaircraftcollisionwithotherdepartureorlandingaircraftandvehicleontherunway;maycausetherunwayconfusionandincreasethecontrollerworkingandpressure.Whentherunwayisunlawfullyoccupied,whatshouldatowercontrollerdo?当跑道被非法占用的时候，作为一名塔台管制员应该做些什么？Thetowercontrollershouldordertheunlawaircraftorvehicleimmediatelyvacatetherunwayandcontrolthelandingaircraftwaituntiltherunwayisnormal.Inordertopreventarunwayincursionfromhappening,whatspecialrulesorregulationsshouldyoufollow?为了防止跑道入侵的发生，你必须遵循什么特殊的规则和管理？Ishouldwatchingtheaircraftorvehiclemovingsituationonrunwayalltime;Ishouldusethestandardtaxiwaytoavoidpilotordriverbringconfusion;Ishouldusethestandardradiocommunication.Haveyoueverheardoforencounteredarunwayincursion?Pleasetellthestory.Andwhatdidyoulearnfromtheincident?DU你曾经听过或遇到过跑道入侵吗？请告诉我这个故事，从这次事故中你能学到什么？DUYes,Ihaveheared.Anaircraftentertherunwaynotfollowthecontrollersinstructionandcausethedepartureaircraftimmediatelyemergencybrakeandturnavoidthisaircraft.FromthisincidentIlearnthatIshouldwatchingtheaircraftorvehiclemovingsituationonrunwayalltime.ThefollowingquestionsareaboutfueldumpingHaveyouevercontrolledanaircraftdumpingfuel?Yes,Ihave・AnaircraftflyintomyareareporttheNO2enginefailureandrequestreturntoBeijingairportbutfirstmustdumpingtheredundantfuelduetolandingweight.Underwhatconditionsdoesanaircraftneedtodumpfuel?在什么条件下，飞机需要放油？Theaircraftdepartureashortoftimeandthepilotdecdidetoreturntolandduetoabnormalsituation.Buttheaircraftneeddumpingredundantfuelduetolandinigweight.Couldyoupleasedescribethefueldumpingproceduresinyourairspace?请你描述在你的空域中飞机放油的过程？Inmyairspaceweshouldcontroltheaircraftdumpingfuelinthefueldumpingarea,advisepilotroute,alitiudeandweatherinformationaboutthefueldumpingareaandcontrolotheraircraftavoidthisaircraft.Whatinformationshouldanairtrafficcontrollerrelaytootheraircraftflightcrewsbeforefueldumpingbegins?在放油开始之前，一名管制员应该提供什么信息给其他的飞行机组？Beforefueldumpingbegingsweshouldadviseotheraircraftthefueldumingaircraft，saltitude,fueldumpingareaandestimatedumpingfuelbeginandovertime.Howwouldfueldumpingaffectotheraircraftnearthefueldumpingarea?飞机放油是怎么样影响放油区的其他飞行器的？Thefueldumpingwouldaffectotherpilotssightandinfluenceflightsafeandotheraircraftnearthefueldumpingareashouldchangeheadingandaltitudetoavoidthisaircraft.Whathelpcancontrollersprovidetoaflightcrewwhentheyneedtodumpfuel?管制员能提供给机组什么帮助，当他们需要放油的时候？Thecontrollersshouldprovidetothepilotflyheadingtothefueldumpingarea,altitudeandweatherinformationaboutthefueldumpingarea.OPI4Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingasanairtrafficcontroller?作为一名空中交通管制员，你已经工作多久了？Ihaveworkingasanairtrafficcontrolleraboutfourteenyears,IamaTowercontrollerwiththisunit.Whatisyourworkingposition?你的工作岗位是什么？IamainstructorandIhelpthenewcontrollerprogress.Doyouenjoyyourjobatpresent?Why?目前你喜欢你的工作吗？为什么？Yes,Ienjoymyjob,BecauseIlikeaircraftfrommychildhood.Now,let'stalksomethingaboutbombthreats・Haveyouevercontrolledanaircraftexperiencingabombthreat?Ifnot,doyouknowastoryaboutthis?你曾经指挥过一架飞机经历炸弹威胁吗？如果没有，你知道关于这方面的故事?No,Ihavenotcontrolled.ButIhearedthebombthreatsaytheyhavereceivedananonymouscallsayingthereisabombonboardandrequiringyouraircrafttoproceduretoHongKongairport.Haveyoueverreceivedanybombthreattraininginasimulator?Yes,Ihavereceivedthebombthreattraininginasimulator.Inyouropinion,whataresomeimportantpiecesofinformationyoushouldgatherwhenabombthreatoccurs?在你的意识里，当炸弹威胁发生时，你最应该收集的重要信息是什么?Ishouldknowhowmanypeopleonboard,explosioninformation,pilot'sintentionandcontrolotheraircraftavoid,providethenearestairportinformationtothepilot.Ifyoureceiveananonymouscallsayingthereisahandbombonboard,whatproceduresshouldyoufollowtohandlethesituation?如果你收到一个匿名电话说，有炸弹在飞机上，你应该用什么程序来掌控这一事件？Ishouldaccordingtothebombthreatproceduredealwiththissituation.Ishouldadvisethepilotbombonboard,knowthepilotintention,controlotheraircraftavoid,adivsepolice,ambulanceandfireengine.Iftheflightwiththebombthreatisgoingtodiverttoyourairport,howwouldyouhandleit?如果有炸弹威胁的飞机将要备降到你的机场，你应怎么样应对？Ishouldcontrolotherflightsaovidthisaircraftandadvisethepolice,ambulance,fireengineandcontrolthisflightstayfarfromotheraircraftafterlanding.Whenbombthreatoccurs,whathelpcanyougivetheflightcrewtoassistthemthroughtheemergency?当炸弹威胁发生时，有哪些帮助是你能给机组提供的，协助他们渡过危险？Ishouldsatisfytheflightcrew'srequestdomybestandaccordingtothepilotintentionavoidotheraircraftavoidandpriovdethenearestairporttothepilot.Thefollowingquestionsareaboutfireonboard.Whichonedoyouthinkismoredangerous,abombthreatorafireonboard?Why?你认为炸弹威胁和机身起火那个更危险？为什么？Ithinkfireonboardisdangerous.Becauseifthefirenotundercontrol,itmaycausepassengersareburnedorsuffocateduetodensesmokespreadalloverthecabinevencauseaircraftexplodeonair.Whatmaycauseafireonboard?能导致机身起火的原因都有什么？Ithinkpassengersmokeinthetoilet,theelectricalwirefireandenginefiremaycauseafireonboard.Ifapilotreportspassengerswereinjured,howwoulditaffectyourcontroloperation?如果飞行员报告乘客受伤了，它能影响到你的管制指挥吗？Yes,itaffectmycontroloperation』shouldcontrolthisflightprioritylandingandcallambulance)shouldcontrolotherflightgivewaytothisflight.Arethereanystandardproceduresforcontrollerstofollowforfireonboard?Ifyes,pleaseexplain.管制员对于机身起火有什么标准程序吗？如果有，请解释。Yes,wehavestandardprocedureforfireonboard・Whenfireonboard,weshouldknowwhichpositiononfire,pilotintention,controlotheraircraftavoid,prioritylandandcallfireengine,ambulance.Iftheaircraftwithafireonboardlandsatyourairportandexecutesemergencyevacuationontherunwayinuse,whatcanyoudotohelpthesubsequentflights?如果机身起火的飞机要在你的机场落地，在可用的跑道上执行应急操作，你能怎样做来帮助它的后续飞行？Ishouldadvisetothesubsequentflightsthisinformationandaccordingtothepilotintentioncontroltheseflightsreturn,alternativeorwaituntiltheexecuteemergencyevacuationover.Howdoyoucooperatewithothercontrolunitswhenfireonboardhappens?当机身起火发生时，你如何与其他管制单位协作？Ishouldadvisetoothercontroluntisthisinformation,fireposition,thepilotintentionandrequest.OPI5Whenandwheredidyougraduatefromtheuniversity?你什么时候从哪所学校毕业的？IgraduatedfromLiaoNinguniversityat1999,mymajoriscomputerscience.Doyouthinktheknowledgeyou'velearnedintheuniversityhelpedyoualotinyourwork?Whyorwhynot?你认为你在大学里所学的知识对你的工作有很大帮助吗？为什么？Yes,Ithinkdo.BecausewelearnedthebasicknowledgebyATCintheuniversityanditisveryimportant.Whatsuggestionswillyougivethestudentcontrollerswhoareattheuniversity?你给在大学学习管制的学生们什么建议？Ifyoufinishschoollater,wanttobecomeagoodcontrollers,theyneedtolearnthebasicknowledge,EnglishandspecializedtrainingNow,let'sdiscussairmissornearmiss.Couldyoupleasedescribeaneventofairmissornearmiss?请你描述一次空中危险接近事件？Anairforceaircraftnearthesamealtitudepassengeraircraftlowtheminimumsafeyseparationandcausethepassengeraircraftchangelevelandheadingtoavoid.Whyisairmissornearmissdangerous?为什么危险接近危险？AnairmissmaycausethistwoaircraftsseparationlowtheminimumsafetyseparationandcauseaircraftTCASalertorcollisionwithotheraircraftonair.Whatmaycauseairmissornearmiss?引起空中危险接近的原因是什么？Controllerinstructionmistake,pilotoperationmistake,unknowntrafficapproachtheaircraft,instrumentproblemcauseemergencydescendandotherreasons.Whatistheseparationminimaforradarcontrolorprocedurecontrolinyourcontrolarea?在你的管制空域中，雷达管制和程序管制的最小间隔是什么？Radarcontrol:thesamelevel40kilometers,samedirectioncross15kilometers,oppositedirectioncross40kilometres.Procedurecontrolis10minutes.Whenyoudiscovertheriskofairmissbetweentwoaircraft,whatshouldyoudoimmediatelytoavoidnearmiss?当你发现两架飞机有小于间隔的危险时，你怎样立即避免空中危险接近?Ishouldimmediatelycontrolthetwoaircraftschangeheading,changealtitude,makeorbitorothermethodtoagainestablishedtheminimumsafeseparationtoavoidnearmiss.Whatareyourprocedureswhentheseparationminimaseemtobeexceeded?当最小间隔看起来要被超越时，你的标准程序是什么?Ishouldimmediatelycontrolthetwoaircraftschangeheading,changelevelorothermethodtosatisfiedtheminimumseparation.Nowlet'stalksomethinutahijacking.Haveyoueverreceivedanysimulatortrainingabouthijacking?Doyouthinkitisnecessaryforcontrollerstoreceivesuchtraining?你曾经经过任何有关于劫机的模拟训练吗？你认为接受这种训练对于管制员是有必要的吗?Yes,Ihavereceived.Yes,Ithinkitisnecessary.Becausewearenotoftenencounterthehijack,receivethehijackingtrainingonsimulatormakesureweknowthestandardprocedureforhijackingwhenweencounterthehijacking.Whenahijackingoccurs,whatinformationshouldthecontrollersneedtoknow?当劫机发生时，管制员需要知道哪些信息？Thecontrollersneedtoknowthenumberofpeopleonboard,theterroristnumber,intentionandweaponinformation,fuelremaining,pilotintention.Ifthehijackerwantstodiverttootherairport,whatinformationshouldcontrollersprovidetotheflightcrew?如果劫机者想改航去其他机场，管制员需要给机组提供什么信息？Thecontrollersshouldprovidetothepilotflyheading,thedivertairportweatherinformationandotherinformation.WhathelpcanATCgivetotheflightcrewinordertocontrolthesituation?为了控制劫机事件，管制员能给机组提供什么帮助？ATCcancontrolotherflightavoidthisflightmaintainthesafeseparationwiththisaircraft,knowthepilotintention,satisfythepilotrequireandgivethepilotsufficienttimetocontrolthesituation.Doyouhavestandardproceduresfordealingwithahijacking?Ifyes,whatarethey?你们有处理劫机的标准程序吗？如果有，是什么内容？Yes,wehavethestandardprocedure.Whenahijackingoccursweshouldknowthenumberofpeopleonboard,theterroristnumber,intentionandweaponinformation,fuelremaining,pilotintentionandreportthisinformationtoleaders,airforceandothercontrolunitsandcallpolice,ambulance.Whatisthemostimportantthingwhendealingwithahijacking?当处理劫机时，什么是最重要的事情？WhendealingwithahijackingIthinkthepassengerandtheaircraftsafearethemostimportantthing.OPI6WhichATCunitdoyouworkfor?你在哪个管制部门工作？IamaTowercontrollerwithourunit.Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingintheunit?你工作已经多长时间了？Iamworkingintheunitaboutforteenyears.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutyourdailywork?你能告诉我们关于你的正常工作的一些事吗？Idailyworkiscommandplanestakingoffandlanding,EnsurethesafetyoftheaircraftNow,let'stalksomethingrelatedtoATCequipment・CouldyoupleasedescribeATCfacilitiesinyourunit?请你描绘下你工作单位的管制设备？InmycontrolunithavetworadarsystemincludeRaytheonandAlenia,veryhighfrequencysystem,weatherradar,thecomputerreceiveandsendmessage.WhatrolesdoATCfacilitiesplayinyourroutinejob?在你的日常工作中，管制设备起什么作用？InmyroutinejobtheATCfacikitiesareveryimportant,Radarislikeoureyeandtheveryhighfrequencyislikeourearandmouth.Supposeonedayyourradarfailssuddenly,whatwillyoudotocontinueATCservicesunderthissituation?假设某一天，你的雷达突然死机，在这种情况下，你如何继续你的管制指挥？IftheradarsuddenlyfailsIshouldimmediatelyadvisetheflightsradarfailureandresumethenon-radarcontrolandusetheprocedurecontrolseparation,coordinatewithothercontrolunitswaittheflightsintheirareaandadviseradarunittomaintain.Howdoyoucontrolaircraftwithoutthehelpofradar?没有雷达的帮助，你怎样指挥飞机？WithoutthehelpofradarIshouldusetheprocedureseparationcontrolaircraft.Itneedpilotreporteachpointtimeandthepilotmustreporttocontrollerwhenpassingthepointandlevelismaintain.&Asaqualifiedcontroller,doyouthinkitisimportanttoknowprocedurecontrolincaseofradarfailure?作为一名合格的管制员，在雷达失效的情况下，你认为最重要的是知晓程序吗?Yes,Ithinkitisveryimportant.Becauseknowtheprocedurecontrolcanmakekeepcalmandsuccessfullyfromradarcontrolchangetoprocedureandmaintainsafetyprocedureseparation.Doyouthinkprocedurecontrolismorereliablethanradarcontrol?Why?你认为程序管制是比雷达管制可靠吗？为什么?No,Idonotthink.Becausetheprocedurecontrolisnotcontactaircraft,itmostlydependonpilotreportandcontrollercalculatebutthehumanmistakeismorefrequentlythanradar.Thefollowingquestionsareabouttrafficdelays.Dotrafficdelaysoftenoccurinyourwork?Whatwouldresultwhendelaysoccur?在你工作中，航班延误经常发生吗？当延误发生时，会有什么结果？Notoftendelaysnow.Delaysoccurwouldcausepassengerswaitlongertimethanmormalandeasyanxious,causepilotsworkingovertimeandcauseflightlaterthannormal.Whatarethereasonsfortrafficdelaysaccordingtoyourownunderstanding?就你自己的理解，航班延误的依据是什么？InmyownunderstandingIthinkthenumberofflightincreasefast,therouteareunreasonable,airforcetrafficfrequentlyandtherouteorairportweatherarethemostreasonsfortrafficdelays.Nopilotlikesdelays,whatdoyouthinkaresomeeffectivewaystomakepilotscooperate?没有机组喜欢延误，你认为哪些有效的办法能使机组配合？Ishouldkeepmyheadandnotquarrelwithpilotsonmyfrequency,Ishouldtellpilotstheflowcontrolreasonflowcontrolinformation,waitingsequenceandestimateddeparturetime.Whenapilotcannotacceptdelaysduetoperformanceorotherreasons,howcancontrollershelpthem?当某个飞行员不能接受延误，由于性能或其他原因，如何能在管制中帮助他们?Controllersshouldcoordinationwiththenextunitwhethernotdelaysforthisflight,ifnotapprovedIshouldimmediatelyadvisetothepilotthereasonandrequestthepilotintention.Holdingisoneofthesolutionstosolvedelays.Sowhatinformationdoyouneedtoknowbeforeyoudecidetogiveaholdinginstruction?等待是一种解决延误的方案，因此，在你决定给出一个等待指令前，你需要知道哪些信息？Ineedtoknowexpectholdingtimeandfuelremainingonboardandmakeleftorrightorbittolosetime.Ifyouwillissueaholdinginstructiontoaflight,whatbasicelementsdoyouthinkshouldusuallybestatedintheholdinginstruction?如果你将发布一个等待指令给机组，你认为在等待指令中通常被规定的基本要素是什么？Ithinkholdingpositionandaltitude,makeleftorrightorbit,expectholdingtimeusuallybestatedintheholdinginstruction.OPI7Whendidyougraduatefromtheuniversityandwhatwasyourmajorattheuniversity?你什么时候大学毕业的？你在学校时学的是什么专业？IgraduatedfromLiaoNinguniversityat1999,mymajoriscomputerscience.Doyouthinktheknowledgeyoulearnedintheuniversityhelpsyoualotinyourwork?你认为你在学校里学习的知识对你的工作有大的帮助吗?Yes,Ithinkdo.BecausewelearnedthebasicknowledgebyATCintheuniversityanditisveryimportant.Doyouenjoyyourpresentjob?你满意你现在的工作吗？Yes,Ienjoymyjob,BecauseIlikeaircraftfrommychildhood.Nowlet'stalkaboutbadweather・Couldyoulistsometypesofbadweathersuchassevereturbulence?你能列举出一些危险天气吗？例如严重颠簸。Forexample:windshear,thunderstorm,snow,lowvisibility,turbulence,iceonair,lightingandsoon.Wheredoyougetinformationaboutbadweatherinyourairspace?在你的空域中，你从哪里得到关于坏天气的信息？InmyairspaceIgetthebadweatherinformationfromtheweatherradar,observeinsight,pilotreportandadvisefromweatherunit.Whatproblemscouldbadweatherbringtoyourwork?坏天气将给你的工作带来什么问题？Badweathermakeourworkmorebusy,difficultythannormalandworkpressureincrease.Badweathercauseaircraftschangeheadingtoavoidandmakeaircraftsreturnoralternative.Haveyoueverexperiencedanyextremelybadweatherwhileyouwereonduty?Pleasesaysomethingaboutit.当你值班时，你经历过任何极端恶劣的天气吗？请讲一讲关于这件事吧。Yes,Ihaveexperienced.Heavyrainwithlighting,routeandairportcoveredbythunderstorm,aircraftsmustchangeheadingtoavoidthisweatherandthelandingaircraftsreturnoralternativeduetotheairportcoveredbythunderstorm.Doyouknowhowweathertrendscaninfluenceairtrafficcontrol?你知道怎样的天气趋势能影响空中交通管制吗？Ithinksnowinglastseveraltimeandtherunwaycoveredbysnow;therainingfromlightchangetoheavywithlighting;thevisibilitygetworseandlowerthestandardcaninfluenceairtrafficcontrol.Whatsuggestionswillyougivetothepilotswhowouldlikelybeaffectedbybadweatherconditions?你能给受恶劣天气影响的飞行员们什么建议吗？Ishouldadvisepilotweathertrend,alternativeairportweathercondition,advisepilotattentiontofuelremaining,providecirclesuggestiontopilotaccordingtootherpilotreportweathertrend.Whatfactorsshouldyouconsiderforaircraftiftheweatherisgettingworseinyourairspace?如果天气变坏在你的空域里，你应该考虑哪些因素对飞机的影响？Ishouldconsidertheweathertrendwhethersatisfytheaircraftloweststandard.Ishouldconsiderthealternativeairportweatherconditionandfuelremainingonboard.Thefollowingquestionsareaboutfuel.WhatdoyouknowaboutLOWFUEL?Whatshouldyoudoifthepilotdeclareslowfuelinyourairspace?你知道最低油量吗？如果飞行员在你的空域里证实低油量，你将如何做?Yes,Iknow.Thelowfuelisendurancethemost30minuteswhenreachingaboveairport.Ishouldcontrolthisflightprioritylandingoralternativetothenearestairportwhenthepilotdeclareslowfuel.WhatisthedifferencebetweenLOWFUELandMINIMUMFUEL?低油量和最小油量有何不同?Thelowfuelendurance30minutesandtheminimumfuelendurancelessthan30minutessominimumfuelismoredangerousthanlowfuel.WhatshouldyoupayattentiontowhenthepilotdeclaresMINIMUMFUEL?

当机组报告最小油量时，你将注意哪些?l=j当机组报告最小油量时，你将注意哪些?l=j

|==|Ishouldattentiontoendurancewiththeremainingfuelandpilotintention,controltheflightflytheshortestdistancetothelandingairportandprioritylanding.Whathelpcanyougivetotheflightcrewtoensurethesafetyofflight?你给机组什么帮助能确认飞行安全?Ishouldcontroltheflightflytheshortestdistancetothelandingairportandcontrolotherflightsavoidthisaircraftmakesureitprioritylanding.WhyisthefuelquantityoftheflightwhichdeclaresMINIMUMFUELcheckedafterlanding?Becausetheywanttoknowwhatreasoncausedeclaresminimumfuel:dispatchcalculatemistake,routeweather,aircraftinstrumentproblemorcontrollerinstructionproblem.OPI8Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingasacontroller?作为管制员，你工作多长时间了？Ihaveworkingasanairtrafficcontrolleraboutfourteenyears,IamaTowercontrollerwiththisunit.Couldyoutellsomeadvantagesordisadvantagesofyourjob?你能告诉我一些有利或有害的关于你的工作？Advantagesmakesomanyflightandpeoplesafetyonairandsoproude.Disadvantgesbigpressure,situpusually.HowdoyoukeepyourATCknowledgeup-to-date?你怎样保持你的管制知识是最新的?Learntheadvancedknowledgefromothercontrolunitsandothercountrysusually.andreadaboutaviationbookusually.Nowlet'stalkaboutmarginalweather・Canyouexplainmarginalweathertous?Themarginalweatheristheweatherconditionmaintaintheloweststandardforaircrafttolandorgettingworse.Whathazardsmaymarginalweatherbringtoflightsafety?边缘天气给飞行安全带来什么危险？Themarginalweathermaycausethelandingconditionistheminimumstandardforaircrafttolandanditmoredangerousforaircrafttolandthannormalweather.Doyouknowapilotwhohasriskedtoflyinginundermarginalweather?你知道飞行员在边缘天气下飞行是冒险吗?Yes,Iknowitisrisk.Thepilotflyinginthemarginalweatherismoredangerousthanunderthenormalweatherandthepilotshouldchangeheadingtoavoidthemarginalweather.Canyourefusethepilot'srequestofoperatinganairmarginalweather?Why?你能拒绝机组在危险天气下驾驶航空器飞行吗？为什么？Iwanttorefusethepilotsrequestbutthepilothavethefinaldecisionright.ButIshouldadvisethepilotattentiontomarginalweatherandflysafetywithresponsibilityforyourself.Canyougivesomesuggestionstothepilotslandinginmarginalweather?你能给在危险天气里落地的机组一些建议吗？Ishouldprovidetopilotsthelandingairportweatherconditionandthealternativeairportweatherconditionandweathertrendsaccordingtootherpilotsrepote.Foroperationsinmarginalweather,arethereanydifferentrequirementsforTerminalcontrollersandAreacontrollers?对于危险天气里的操作，机场管制员和区域管制员有什么不同要求？Inmarginalweather,theterminalcontrollersdecidetheweatherconditionwhethersatisfylandingforaircraftandwhethercontinueapproach,returnoralternative.Theareacontrollerscontrolflightsavoidthemarginalandadvisetopilotstheterminalcontrollerssuggestion.Thefollowingquestionsareaboutminimumsafealtitude.Canyoutellmeyourunderstandingaboutminimumsafealtitudes?你能告诉我，你理解的最低安全高度?Theminimumsafealtitudesistheminimumverticalseparationbetweenaircraftandobstacleandtheaircraftmustflyaboveminimumsafealtitude.Whatmighthappeniftheminimumsafealtitudeisexceeded?Iftheminimumsafealtitudeisexceededthaaircraftflymaybedangerousevencollisionwiththeobstacle.Doyouhaveanymeansofensuringthataircraftdonotexceedtheminimumsafetyaltitude?你有什么建议关于确认飞行员没有超过最低安全高度?Yes,Ihave.IshouldknowtherouteminimumsafealtitudeanduseradarwatchingtheaircraftflyaltitudeifitexceedtheminimumsaftaltitudeImustadvisethepilotandcontroltheaircraftclimbabovetheminimumsafealtitude.Whatwillyoudoiftheaircraftunderyourcontrolfliesbelowtheminimumsafetyaltitude?如果机组在你的管制区里低于最低安全高度，你将如何做？IftheaircraftflybelowtheminimumsafealtitudeIshouldcontroltheaircraftclimbabovetheminimumsafealtitudeorresumevisualflightandthepilotwithresponsibilityforflysafety.Belowtheminimumaltitudeandunderradarcontrol,canyouassignavisualapproachinmarginalweathertoavoidterrainwarning?Why?在最低安全高度以下，并且是雷达管制，你能指令在危