高三英语选修9 Unit1 Breaking records词汇学习

Unit1BreakingrecordsPartTwo:TeachingResourcesSection3:WordsandexpressionsfromUnit1Breakingrecordsapproximateadj.(abbr.approx)almostcorrectoraccurate,butnotcompletelyso:anapproximatenumber/total/costThecostgivenisonlyapproximate.Usethesefiguresasanapproximateguideinyourcalculations.conventionaladj.1.(oftendisapproving)tendingtofollowwhatisdoneorconsideredacceptablebysocietyingeneral;normalandordinary,andperhapsnotveryinteresting:conventionalbehaviour/moralityShe'sveryconventionalinherviews.2.[usuallybeforenoun]followingwhatistraditionalorthewaysthhasbeendoneforalongtime:conventionalmethods/approachesItsnotahotel,intheconventionalsense,butratherawholevillageturnedintoahotel.3.[usuallybeforenoun](especiallyofweapons)notnuclear:conventionalforces/weaponsAconventionalwarwouldstillcauseunacceptabledevastation.aconventionalpowerstation(=usingoilorcoalasfuel,ratherthannuclearpower)laughternoun[U]theactorsoundoflaughing:toroarwithlaughtertears/gales/peals/shrieksoflaughtertoburst/dissolveintolaughterahousefulloflaughter(=withahappyatmosphere)Hegaveasnortofderisivelaughter.realitynoun(pl.-ies)1.[U](hetruesituationandtheproblems(haiactuallyexistinlife,incontrasttohowyouwouldlikelifetobe:Sherefusestofacereality.You'reoutoftouchwithreality.Therealityisthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.Theyseemedtohavetheperfectmarriagebuttherealitywasverydifferent.2.[C]athingthatisactuallyexperiencedorseen,incontrasttowhatpeoplemightimagine:theharshrealitiesoflifeThisdecisionreflectstherealitiesofthepoliticalsituation.Thepaperlessofficeisstillfarfrombeingareality.Willtimetraveleverbecomeareality?adjustmentnoun[C,U]asmallchangemadetosthinordertocorrectorimproveit:I'vemadeafewadjustmentstothedesign.Someadjustmentofthelensmaybenecessaiy.2.achangeinthewayapersonbehavesorthinks:Shewentthroughaperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhermarriagebrokeup.toughadj.(tougher,toughest)DIFFICULThavingorcausingproblemsordifficulties:atoughchildhoodItwasatoughdecisiontomake.She'sbeenhavingatoughtimeofit(=alotofproblems)lately.Hefacesthetoughesttestofhisleadershipsofar.Itcanbetoughtiyingtojuggleacareerandafamily.STRICT/FIRM~(on/withsb/sth)demandingthatparticularrulesbeobeyedandshowingalackofsympathyforanyproblemsorsufferingthatthismaycause:Don'tbetootoughonhim—hewasonlytryingtohelp.Itsabouttimeteachersstartedtogettoughwithbullies.Theschooltakesatoughlineon(=punishesseverely)cheating.Localtradersarecallingfortougheractionagainstvandals.STRONGstrongenoughtodealsuccessfullywithdifficultconditionsorsituations:atoughbreedofcattleHesnottoughenoughforacareerinsales.Shesatoughcookie/customer(=sbwhoknowswhattheywantandisnoteasilyinfluencedbyotherpeople).(ofaperson)physicallystrongandlikelytobeviolent:Youthinkyou'resotough,don'tyou?Heplaysthetoughguyinthemovie.MEATdifficulttocutorchewNOTEASILYDAMAGEDnoteasilycut,broken,torn,etc.:atoughpairofshoesThereptilefsskinistoughandscaly.UNFORTUNATE~(onsb)(informal)unfortunateforsbinawaythatseemsunfair:Itwastoughonherbeingdroppedfromtheteamlikethat,(ironic)7can'tgetitfinishedintime.''Tough!'(=Idon'tfeelsorryaboutit.)extremeadj.1.[usuallybeforenoun]verygreatindegree:Weareworkingunderextremepressureatthenwnient.peoplelivinginextremepovertyI'mhavingextremedifficultyinnotlosingmytemperwithhenTheheatinthedesertwasextreme.!,notordinaryorusual;seriousorsevere:Childrenwillberemovedfromtheirparentsonlyinextremecircumstances.Don'tgodoinganythingextremelikeleavingthecountry.ItwasthemostextremeexampleofcrueltytoanimalsIhadeverseen.extremeweatherconditions3.(ofpeople,politicalorganizations,opinions,etc.)farfromwhatmostpeopleconsidertobenormal,reasonableoracceptable:extremeleft-wing/right-wingviewsanextremenationalistorganizationTheirideasaretooextremeforme.4.[onlybeforenoun1asfaraspossiblefromthecentre,thebeginningorinthedirectionmentioned:KerryisintheextremewestofIreland.Shesatontheextremeedgeofherseat,politiciansontheextremeleftofthepartynoun1.afeeling,situation,wayofbehaving,etc.thatisasdifferentaspossiblefromanotherorisoppositetoit:extremesofloveandhateHeusedtobeveryshy,butnowhesgonetotheoppositeextreme(=changedfromoneextremekindofbehaviourtoanother).2.thegreatestorhighestdegreeofsth:extremesofcold,windorraintheclimaticextremesofthemountainsgo,etc,toexiremesIlakesthioexirenies[oactorbeforcedtoactinawaythatisfarfromnormalorreasonable:Itsembarrassingtheextremeshe'llgotoinordertoimpresshisboss.Takentoextremes,thiskindofbehaviourcanbedangerous.Iheextreme(formal)toagreatdegree:Thejourneywouldbedangerousintheextreme.unfitadj.1.~(forsth)|~(toeat,drink,livein.etc.)|〜(todosth)notofanacceptablestandard;notsuitable:Thehousingwasunfitforhumanhabitation.Thefoodonofferwasunfitforhumanconsumption.Thiswaterisunfittodrink.Mostofthebuildingsareunfittolivein.Theydescribedhimasunfittogovern,(technical)Manyofthehouseswerecondemnedasunfit.(technical)Thecourtclaimssheisanunfitmother.2.~forsth|~todosthnotcapableofdoingsth,forexamplebecauseofillness:Hesstillunfitforwork.Thecompanysdoctorfoundthatshewasunfittocarryouthernonmilwork.3.(especiallyBrE)(ofaperson)notingoodphysicalcondition;notfit,becauseyouhavenottakenexercise:Thecaptainisstillunfitandwillmisstonightsgame.fascinateverbtoattractorinterestsbverymuch:[vn]Chinahasalwaysfascinatedme.Itwasaquestionthathadfascinatedhimsincehewasaboy.[v]Theprivatelivesofmoviestarsneverfailtofascinate.meditationnoun1.[UJthepracticeofthinkingdeeplyinsilence,especiallyfbrreligiousreasonsorinorder(omakeyourmindcalm:Shefoundpeacethroughyogaandmeditation.Hewasdeepinmeditationanddidn'tseemecomein.2.[C,usuallypL]~(onsth)(formal)seriousthoughtsonaparticularsubject(hatsbwritesdownorspeaks:hismeditationsonlifeandanurgeverb1.toadviseortryhardtopersuadesbtodosth:[vntoinf]Sheurgedhimtostay.Policeareurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately,[vthatJThereporturgedthatallchildrenbetaughttoswim.2.[vn]~sth(on/uponsb)torecommendsthstrongly:ThesituationisdangerousandtheUNisurgingcaution.3.[vn+adv./prep.](formal)tomakeapersonorananimalmovemorequicklyand/orinaparticulardirection,especiallybypushingorforcingthem:Heurgedhishorseforward.urgesbontoencouragesbtodosthorsupportthemso(hattheydoitbetter:Shecouldhearhimurgingheronassheranpast.accomplishverb[vn]tosucceedindoingorcompletingsth,achieve:Thefirstpartoftheplanhasbeensafelyaccomplished./don'tfeelI'veaccomplishedvetymuchtoday.That'sit.Missionaccomplished(=wehavedonewhatweaimedtodo).motivateverb1.[vn][oftenpassive]tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway:Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.2.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysth(hatinvolveshardworkandeffort:[vn]She'sverygoodatmotivatingherstudents,[vntoinf]Theplanisdesignedtomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.3,[vnj(formal)togivereasonsforsththatyouhavestated:Pleasemotivateyouranswertoquestion5.motivatedadj.:araciallymotivatedattackahighlymotivatedstudent(=onewhoisveryinterestedandworkshard)motivationnoun[C,U]:Whatisthemotivationbehindthissuddenchange?Mostpeoplesaidthatpaywastheirmainmotivationfarworking.He'sintelligentenoughbuthelacksmotivation.AHresearchproposalsmustbeaccompaniedbyafullmotivation.devotionnoun~(tosb/sth)[U,sing.]greatlove,careandsupportforsb/sth:Hisdevotiontohiswifeandfamilyistouching.[U,sing.]theactionofspendingaloloftimeorenergyonsth:herdevotiontodutyHerdevotiontothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.3.devotions[pL]prayersandotherreligiouspracticessoulnounSPIRITOFPERSON[C]thespiritualpartofaperson,believedtoexistafterdeath:Hebelievedhisimmortalsoulwasinperil.Thehowlingwindsoundedlikethewailingoflostsouls(=thespiritsofdeadpeoplewhoarenotinheaven).INNERCHARACTER[C]aperson'sinnercharacter,containingtheirtruethoughtsandfeelings:Therewqsafeelingofrestlessnessdeepinhersoul.SPIRITUAL/MORAL/ARTISTICQUALITIES[sing.]thespiritualandmoralqualitiesofhumansingeneral:thedarksideofthehumansoul[U,C]strongandgoodhumanfeeling,especiallythatgivesaworkofartitsqualityorenablessbtorecognizeandenjoy(hatquality:Itwasavery^polishedperformance,butitlackedsoul.1sing.]the〜ofsthaperfectexampleofagoodquality:Heisthesoulofdiscretion.PERSON[C](becomingold-fashioned)apersonofaparticulartype:Sheslostallhermoney,poorsoul.You'reabravesoul.[C](especiallyinnegativesentences)aperson:Therewasn'tasoulinsight(=nobodywasinsight).Don'ttellasoul{-donottellanyone).(literary)avillageof3.00souls(=with3.00peoplelivingthere)MUSIC(alsosoulmusic)[U]atypeofmusicthatexpressesstrongemotions,madepopularbyAfricanAmericanmusicians:asoulsingergoodforthesoul(humorous)goodforyou,evenifitseemsunpleasant:'Wantaride?*'Nothanks.Walkingisgoodforthesoul.fsacredadj.1.connectedwithGodoragod:consideredtobeholy:asacredimage/shrine/templesacredmusicCowsaresacredtoHindus.2.veryimportantandtreatedwithgreatrespectsacrosanct:Humanlifemustalwaysbesacred.Forjournalistsnothingissacred(=theycanwriteaboutanything).Somecompaniesofferfive-yearplanshulthereisnothingsacredaboutthislengthoftime(=itcanbechanged).deednoun1.(formal,literary)athingthatsbdocsthatisusuallyverygoodorverybadact:abrave/charitable/evil/gooddeedataleofheroicdeeds2.(oftenpluralinBritishEnglish)alegaldocumentthatyousign,especiallyonethatprovesthatyouownahouseorabuilding:thedeedsofthehouseyourgooddeedforthedayahelpful,kindthingthatyoudo:/tookSarahschildrentoschoolsoI'vedonemygooddeedfortheday.conceptionnoun1.[U]theprocessofforminganideaoraplan:Theplanwasbrilliantinitsconceptionbutfailedbecauseoflackofmoney.2.[C,U]〜(ofsth)|〜(that...)anunderstandingorabeliefofwhatsthisorwhatsthshouldbe:Mac'sconceptionofsocialjusticeHehasnoconceptionofhowdifficultlifeisifyou'reunemployed.3.[U,C]theprocessofaneggbeingfertilizedinsideawoman,sbodysothatshebecomespregnant:themomentofconceptionAchildisbomabout40weeksafterconceptiontakesplace.tactnoun[U]theabilitytodealwithdifficultorembarrassingsituationscarefullyandwithoutdoingorsayinganythingthatwillannoyorupsetotherpeoplesensitivity:Settlingthedisputerequiredgreattactanddiplomacy.Sheisnotexactlyknownforhertact.regretverb(-tt-)1.tofeelsorryaboutsthyouhavedoneoraboutsththatyouhavenotbeenabletodo:[vnjIfyoudon'tdoitnow,you7/onlyregretit.Thedecisioncouldheonehelivestoregret.Tvehadawonderfullife,shesaid,Idon'tregretathing.'Sheregrettedthewordsthemomenttheywereoutofhermouth,[v-ing]Hebitterlyregrettedeverhavingmentionedit./v\vh-]1deeplyregretwhat/said.2.(formal)usedtosayinapoliteorformalwaythatyouaresorryorsadaboutasituation:[vn]Theairlineregretsanyinconvenience,[vthat]IregretthatIamunabletoacceptyourkindinvitation,[vtoinf]Weregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful,[vnthat]Itistoberegrettedthatsomanyyoungpeopleleaveschoolwithoutqualifications.noun[U,C]afeelingofsadnessordisapp<)in(men(thatyouhavebecauseofsththathashappenedorsth(hatyouhavedoneornotdone:itiswithgreatregretthat1acceptyourresignation.Sheexpressedherregretatthedecision,apang/twingeofregret/havenoregretsaboutleavingNewcastle(=Idonotfeelsorryaboutit).Whatisyourgreatestregret(=thethingthatyouaremostsorryaboutdoingornotdoing)?Hegaveupteachingin,muchtotheregretofhisstudents.repentancenoun[U]〜(forsth)thefactofshowingthatyouaresorryfbrsthwrongthatyouhavedonecontrition,remorse:Heshowsnosignofrepentance.Thebookspeaksoftheneedforrepentanceandatonement.wisdomnoun[U]1.theabilitytomakesensibledecisionsandgivegoodadvicebecauseoftheexperienceandknowledgethatyouhave:awomanofgreatwisdom:wordsofwisdom2.〜ofsth/ofdoingsthhowsensiblesthis:Iquestionthewisdomofgivingachildsomuchmoney.3.theknowledgethatasocietyorculturehasgainedoveralongperiodoftime:thecollectivewisdomoftheNativeAmericanpeopleconventional/receivedwisdomthevieworbelief(hatmostpeoplehold:Conventionalwisdomhasitthatriotsonlyeverhappenincities.inhis/her/its,etc,(infinile)wisdomusedwhenyouaresayingthatyoudonotunderstandwhysbhasdonesth:Thegovernmentinitswisdomhasdecidedtosupportthehan.virtuenoun1.[UJ(formal)behaviourorattitudesthatshowhighmoralstandards:Heledalifeofvirtue.Shewascertainlynoparagonofvirtue!!.[Claparticulargoodqualityorhabit:Patienceisnotoneofhervirtues.I'mafraid.Asapolitician,healwaysemphasizedthevirtuesofcompromiseandconciliation.3.[C,UJanattractiveorusefulquality:Theplanhasthevirtueofsimplicity.HewasextollingthevirtuesoftheInternet.Theycouldseenovirtueindiscussingitfurther:by/invirtueofsth(formal)bymeansoforbecauseofsth:Shegotthejobbyvirtueofhergreaterexperience.makeavirtueofnecessitytomanagetogainanadvantagefromsihthatyouhavetodoandcannotavoid:ShedecidedtomakeavirtueofnecessityandcombinedabusinesstriptoPariswithavisittohercousinsthere.virlueisilsownreward(saying)therewardforactinginamoralorcorrectwayistheknowledgethatyouhavedoneso,andyoushouldnotexpectmorethan(his,fbrexamplepraisefromotherpeopleorpaymentnobleadj.(nobler);(noblest)1.havingfinepersonalqualitiesthatpeopleadmire,suchascourage,honestyandcareforothers:anobleleadernobleidealsHediedforanoblecause.Itwasverynobleofyoutogosofartotakehimhome.2.veryimpressiveinsizeorquality:anoblebuilding3.belongingtoafamilyofhighsocialrank(=belongingtothenobility):amanofnoblebirthoneofthenoblestfamiliesinPortugalnoblyadv.:Sheborethedisappointmentnobly,tobenoblybornnounapersonwhocomesfromafamilyofhighsocialrank;amemberofthenobilitydoomnoun[U]deathordestruction;anyterribleeventthatyoucannotavoid:tomeetyourdoomShehadasenseofimpendingdoom(=feltthatsthveiybadwasgoingtohappen).doommerchanlapersonwhopredictsthatthingswillgoverybadly:Theprophetsofdoomwhosaidtelevisionwouldkilloffthebookwerewrong.verb[vn][usuallypassive]~sb/sth(tosth)(omakesb/s(hcertaintofail,suffer,die,etc.:Theplanwasdoomedtofailure.Themarriagewasdoomedfromthestart.bidverb(bidding,bade,bidden)or(bidding,bid,bid)1.〜(sb)goodmorning,farewell,etc.(fbnnal)tosay'goodmoming\etc.tosb:[vn,\mn]IhadefarewelltoallthefriendsIhadmadeinParis.Ibadeal!myfriendsfarewell.2.(olduseorliteral)totellsbtodosth:[vninf]Hebademecomecloser.juggleverb1.~(withsth)tothrowasetofthreeormoreobjectssuchasballsintotheairandcatchandthrowthemagainquickly,oneatatime:[v]tojugglewithhallsMyuncletaughtmetojuggle,[vn](figurative)Iwasjugglingbooks,shoppingbagsandthebaby(=Iwastryingtoholdthemallwithoutdroppingthem).2.~sth(withsth)totrytodealwithtwoormoreimportantjobsoractivitiesatthesametimesothatyoucanfitallofthemintoyourlife:[vn]Workingmothersareusedtojugglingtheirjobs,theirchildrensneedsandtheirhousework,[alsov]3.[vnltoorganizeinformation,figures,themoneyyouspend,hemostusefuloreffectivewayentireadj.[onlybeforenoun](usedwhenyouareemphasizingthatthewholeofsthisinvolved)includingeverything,everyoneoreverypart:Theentirevillagewasdestroyed./wastedanentiredayonit.1haveneverinmyentirelifeheardsuchnonsense!Thediseasethreatenstowipeouttheentirepopulation.attainverb[vn]1.(osucceedingettingsth,usuallyafteralotofeffort:Mostofourstudentsattainedfive'A'gradesintheirexams.2.(formal)toreachaparticularage,levelorcondition:Thecheetahcanattainspeedsofupto97kph.appreciateverb1.[vn](notusedintheprogressivetenses)toreco