双语攻略改善学习效率的小技巧

双语攻略：改良学习效率的小技巧Weallknowthatweshouldusesmartstudystrategiesforlearning。Butwhatisthesciencebehindeffectivestudystrategies?Thetipsbelowcomefromscientificstudiesthatexaminethedifferencebetweenmemorizingforshorttermandlearningforthelonghaul。我们都希望使用高效的学习策略。但高效学习策略背后的原理是什么呢?下边的建议来自短期记忆和长久的学习之间的差别研究。1.QuizYourselfDaily每天自我测试Studieshaveshownthatthebestwaytoremembertheinformationyou‘vereadorstudiedistotestyourself。Why?Itseemsthatthemereactofpullinginformationoutofyourbrainandtuckingitawayagainworkslikeasortof“body-buildingtechnique”formemories。Throughaprocesscalledretrievalpractice，itseemsthatinformationbecomessturdierandmoreembeddedasweexerciseit。研究表示，记忆阅读和学习信息最好的方法即是自我测试。－1－为何是这样?由于将信息从大脑中提拿出来的过程近似锻炼身体。这一过程被称为检索训练，经过这样的训练你能够更坚固地掌握知识。2.ReduceYourCellPhoneUse减少手机使用Itshouldcomeasnosurprisethatspendingtoomuchtimeonthecellphonecanaffectyourgrades。Buttherelationshipbetweenphonesandgradesisnotsimple;it’snotjustamatteroftimespentwisely(ornot)。尽人皆知，花太多时间在手机上会对你的成绩带来影响。但手机和成绩之间的关系其实不这么简单，它不只是和时间的合理分配相关。Studiesshowthatthereisarelationshipbetweencellphoneuse，anxiety，andstudentperformance。科学研究表示手机使用、忧虑程度和学习收效之间有必定的联系。Increasedtimeonthephoneseemstobelinkedtoincreasedfeelingsofanxiety，andthatleadstolowerstudentperformance。增添手机的使用时间可能会增添忧虑的感觉，所以，会致使成绩降落。－2－Anotherrelationshiphasbeennoticedbetweenincreasedtimeoncellphonesandadecreaseinphysicalactivity。Studentswhospendmoretimeonphones，inotherwords，tendtobelessactive-whichalsocausesabuildupofstressandanxiety。另一个关系是花销在手机上的时间越多，体育活动的时间就会越少。换句话说学生花更多的时间在手机，上，常常会不太活跃，这也会致使压力和忧虑的积累。Infact，sciencealsosuggeststhatstudentswhotakepartinaerobicexercisebenefitfrombetterlongtermmemory。It’sjustagoodpolicytolimittimeoncellphonesandincreasephysicalactivity。Byreducingtheanxietyinyourlifeandgettinginbetterphysicalshape，you’freeupyourbraintolearnandretain!事实上，科学家还发现参加更多有氧锻炼的学生更简单形成优秀的长久记忆力。所以，减少手机使用时间，增添体育锻炼是很好的策略，经过减少你生活中的忧虑形成强壮的体魄，你的学习能力和记忆能力都会更好。3.StopTryingtoMemorize辞别照本宣科Mnemonicdevicesarehandywhenyouneedtomemorize－3－alistofitemsthatyouintendtorecallinthenextdayortwo。Memorizationisaskillthatcomesinhandyforshorttermmemory。Butshorttermmemoryisonlygoodifyou’recrammingforatestandyoudon’tcareaboutlearning。Longtermmemoryisthegoalfortrulylearningfromthematerialthatyoucoverinclass。当你需要在一两天后回想一系列事物时，记忆协助设施是很方便的。关于短期记忆来说，照本宣科较有帮助。可是你只应付一次测试、不专注长久学习效率时，短期记忆是适合的。长久记忆的目标是真实学习讲堂的知识。Arecentstudyshowsthatmemorizationimpairsyourabilitytorecalldetails-andthatcanbeaproblemifyou’retakingatestwithessayormultiplechoicequestions!近来的一项研究表示照本宣科会伤害你回想细节的能力——假如你做文章测试或多项选择题时这可能是一个问题。!Tocommitinformationtoyourlongtermmemory，youwillneedtoventurebeyondmemorizingfacts。Youmuststrivetogainameaningfulunderstandingofconceptsbeyondthewordsandnamesonyourlistofterms。Thisleads－4－totruelearning-asopposedtoshort-termmemorization。Longtermmemorycomesfromgettingactivewithmaterialandstudyingthesameinformationseveraltimesoverafewweeks。想要形成长久的记忆，你需要打破照本宣科。你一定对词汇和术语的观点形成更深入的认识。这类长久记忆和短期记忆不同，你需要坚持频频学习同样的知识。4.UseMusicandActions善用音乐和动作Themoreactiveyoubecomewhenitcomestostudying，themoreyouwillbeabletocommittheinformationtomemory。Ifyou’restudyingforeignlanguage(oranyothersubjectthatrequiresyoutolearnnewvocabulary)itseemsthatsingingishelpful。学习时你越踊跃仔细，就越简单形成长久记忆。假如你正学习外语(或任何其余需要学习新词汇的科目，唱歌可能是有帮助的。Singingnewvocabularyanddefinitionstapsintoyourauditorylearningskillsandhelpsyourecallmorereadily，accordingtoonestudy。It’scertainlyworthatry!值得一试的是，一项研究表示将新词汇和定义唱成歌曲能够－5－帮助你记着更多的内容。Anotherstudyshowsthatyoucanbenefitbytakingyourclassnotesbyhandinsteadofusingakeyboardtotypeyournotes。Theactofwritingwordsoutbyhandenhancesthecomprehensionofconcepts。Inonestudy，studentswhotooknotesonacomputercouldrecallfactsaswellasthosewhousedhand-writtennotes，buttheycouldnotgraspconceptsnearlyaswellasthepen-and-paperstudents。另一项研究显示，对比键盘录入笔录，手写笔录会更有效率。手写笔录能够提升对观点的理解能力。在一项研究中，使用电脑做笔录的同学回想的内容与手写笔录的同学会议的内容相当，但是前者对观点的掌握能力不及后者。5.UseaSleepStrategy使用适合的睡眠策略Commonsensetellsusthatstudentsneedtogetenoughsleeptoperformwellinschool。Buttherearesomesurprisingfindingswhenitcomestohowandwhenwesleep，asitpertainstoourabilitytolearn。It’snotabouttheamountofsleepyouget，necessarily。Thetimingofyoursleeppatternsalsomatters。知识告诉我们，学生们只有获得足够的睡眠，才能在学业上－6－有好的表现。但也有一些令人惊讶的发现揭露睡眠的方式和时间能够影响我们的学习能力。不单是关乎睡眠的总时间，睡眠的模式也特别重要。Aregularbedtimeisimportant，butstudentswithlaterbedtimeshavelowergradesthanstudentswithearlierbedtimes。规律的作息特别重要，习惯早睡的学生对比晚睡的学生有更好的课业成绩。Whenyousleeprightbeforestudytime，theinformationseemstosinkinasyousleepandsoakintoyourlongtermmemory。Sleepactuallyreinforceslearning。假如在学习前小睡，那么所学的知识更简单长久记忆，睡眠的确能够帮助学习。Theinformationwilltransformfromshorttermmemorytolongtermlearningifyougostraighttobedafterreading。However，ifyoustartreadingFacebookpostsordoanyple