材料成型及控制工程专业英语

材料成型及控制工程专业英语Mechanicalproperty机械性能austenitic奥氏体的martensite马氏体Plasticdeformation塑性变形stressconcentrator应力集中点bar棒材beam线材sheet板材ductile可延展的stressrelief应力松弛austenitie奥氏体martensite马氏体normalize正火temper回火anneal正火harden淬火close-dieforging模锻deformationrate变形速度diffusion扩散overheat过热Workhardening加工硬化dislocationdensity位错密度die模具residualstrain残留应变as-forged锻造的injectionmold注射模moldingshop成型车间clampingforce合模力grind磨削dropstamping锤上模锻nickel-basesuperalloy镍基合金insulation隔热burr毛刺injectioncapacity注射容量deterioration变化、退化discrete不连续的abrasive磨损welding焊接metallurgical冶金的Formationofaustenite奥氏体转变Thetransformationofpearlite（珠光体）intoaustenitecanonlytakeplaceattheequilibriumcriticalpoint（临界温度）averyslowheatingasfollowsfromtheFe-Cconstitutionaldiagram（状态图）・undercommonconditions,thetransformationisretardedandresultsinoverheating,i.e.occursattemperaturesslightlyhigherthanthoseindicatedintheFe-Cdiagram.TheendofthetransformationiScharacterizedbytheformationofausteniteandthedis—appearanceofpearlite（ferrite+cementite）・ThisausteniteishoweverinhomogeneouseveninthevolumeofasinglegrainInplacesearlieroccupiedbylamellae（层片）（orgrains）ofapearliticcementite,thecontentofcarbonisgreaterthaninplacesofferriticlamellae・Thisiswhytheaustenitejustformedisinhomogeneous・Inordertoobtainhomogeneous（均匀的）austenite,itisessentialonheatingnotonlytopassthroughthepointoftheendofpearlitetoaustenitetransformation,butalsotooverheatthesteelabovethatpointandtoallowaholdingtimetocompletethediffusion（扩散）processesinaus-tenitiegrains・为了获得均匀的奥氏体，在加热过程中通过珠光体的结束点向奥氏体转变是必要的，而且对过热刚以上的点，允许持续一定时间来完成奥氏体晶粒的扩撒过程。Forging锻造Technically,forgingmaybedefinedastheprocessofgivingmetalincreasedutilitybyshapingit,refiningit,andimprovingitsmechanicalpropertiesthroughcontrolledplasticdeformationunderimpactandpressure・从技术上说，锻造可以定义为一种通过在冲击力或压力作用下产生可控的塑性变形使金属成型、细化及改善金属机械性能来赋予其增加的功效的一种工艺。Withoutforgingsandtheperformancechar-acteristicstheyprovide—autos,airplanes，trucks,farmimplements,earthmovingmachines，missiles，industrialenginesandmachines，andtheimplementsofnationaldefense，asweknowthem，wouldnotbefeasible・正如我们所知，没有锻件以及他们优良性能，汽车、飞机、卡车、农具、挖土机、导弹、工业发动机、机器和国防工具都不可能得到。Closed-Dieforging闭式模锻Themainfactorsneedingcarefulcontrolinachievingan‘as-forged'structurewhichisbothpredictableandreproducibleintermsofresidualstrain/grainstructuresare:dieperformgeometry；diepreheatingtemperature；lubrication/insulation；kineticenergyinput；continu-almonitoringofworkpiecesurfacetemperature为了得到锻后组织（这种组织可通过残余应变/晶粒组织进行预测和复制）需严格控制的因素包括：模具成型形状、模具前处理、润滑/隔热、动能输入、工件表面温度的持续监控.选择填空：1、TheyarejustiffedonlybyessentialimproVementsinpropertiessuchashigherstrengthorimprovedcorrosionresistance（耐腐蚀）2、Castironshaverelativelylowmeltingtemperatureandliquidphaseviscosities（粘度），donotformundesirablesurfacefilmswhenpoured，andundergomoderateshrinkage（收缩）duringsolidify-cationandcooling.3、Diesmayhavetobereplacedforanumberofreasonssuchaschangesindimensionsduetowearorplasticdeformation（退化），deteriorationOfthesurfacefinish，breakdownoflubrication，andcrackingorbreakage・因为下面许多原因，模具可能必须更换，例如，由于磨损或塑性变形而引起的尺寸改变、光洁度降低、润滑故障和裂纹或破损。4、Inhotimpressiondieforgingtheprincipalmodesofdiefailureareerosion,thermalfatigue（热疲劳）,mechanicalfa-tigueandpermanent（plastic）deformation.在热压模锻中，模具失效的主要形式是腐蚀、热疲劳、机械疲劳和永久性变形。5、Thiscontactcausethesurfacelayerstoexpand,and,becauseoftheverysteeptemperaturegradients,thesurfacelayersaresubjecttocompressivestres