初中语法动词的分类

中阶语法Lessonl动词的分类Louise1、什么是动词?2、（（1）实义动词r及物动词（vt.）后接宾语（行为动词）不及物动词2、(2)系动词be/become/get/look/seem/turn/sound/smell/taste/feel/keep⑶助动词动词的分类bbe+doing/+done⑶助动词动词的分类Have(has/had)+done/+beendoingdo(does/did)\will/shall/would/should,⑷情态动词 may/might/can/could/must/should/will/would一、动词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态动词）的词。二、动词的分类（一）行为动词NotionalVerb行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语IliveinBeijingwithmymother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live，住Ithasaroundface.（它有一张圆脸。）has，有1、及物动词TransitiveVerb后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整例如:Givemesomeink,please.（请给我一些墨水。）Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanraiseyourhands.（如果你们有问题，你们可以举手，。）2、不及物动词IntransitiveVerb后面不能跟宾语，意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。例如:Heworkshard.（他工作努力。）JackrunsfasterthanMike.（杰克跑步比迈克要快些。）Pleaselookattheblackboardandlistentome.（请看黑板，听我说。）（二）连系动词LinkVerb连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。人表示“是"的动词e。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，am，are，was，were，have/hasbeen等要特别予以注意。例如：Heisateacher.（他是个教师。）2、表示“感觉”的词，如心（看起来）feel（觉得，摸起来）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）等，例如：Shelookedtired.（她看一去很疲劳。）Cottonfeelssoft.（棉花摸起来很软。）Thestorysoundsinteresting.（这个故事听起来很有趣。）Theflowerssmellsweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）Themixturetastedhorrible.（这药水太难喝了。）3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become,get,grow,切m,都解释为“变”、“变得”例如：Shebecameacollegestudent.（她成了一名大学生。）Theweathergetswarmerandthedaysgetlongerwhenspringcomes.（春天来了，天气变得暖和些了，白天也变得较长些了。）Hegrew01d.（他老了。）（三）助动词AuxiliaryVerb这类词本身无词义不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问例1如:HedoesnotspeakEnglishwell.（他英语讲得不好。）句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。Adogisrunningafteracat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。）句中的is是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。（四）情态动词ModalVerb这类词本身虽有意义但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力说话人的语气或情态如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有Ca〃,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意例如：Icandance.（我会跳舞。）can,能,会Hecan,twalkbecauseheisababy.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）can/t,不必MayIcomein？（我可以进来吗？）may,可以（1）can,could和beableto1、表示能力，例如：IcanspeakalittleJapanese.Beableto代替can,也可以表示能力。但Can只有一般现在时和一般过去时ould）,而beableto则有更多的时态形式，例如：YouwillbeabletotalkwiththeforeignteacherinEnglishnextweek.2、表示允许，准许,这时can与may可以互换，例如：Can/MayIbrotheryourbiketomorrow?3、表示客观可能性用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人怀疑、猜测或不肯定例如:Hecannot/can'tbethere.4、could除表示can的过去式外，在口语中还常代替an，表示非常委婉的请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差别。例如：Could/Canyoushowmethewaytothenearesthospital?（2）may和might1、表示“准许”和“许可”这时可与can替换。例如：May（can）Iuseyourdictionaryforamoment?（我可以借你的字典用一下吗？）2、表示说话人的猜测，认为某事“可能”发生,例如:Where’sJohn?Hemaybeatthelibrary.（约翰在哪儿？他可能在图书馆。）以上例子中的maybe是情态动词may加be,与maybe完全不同。后者是副词，解释为“或许”。例如：Hemaybeathome.（他可能在家。）Maybehewasathome.（或许他在家。）3、might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代检”,表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。这时might和mav没有时间上的差异。例如：Might（May）Ispeaktoyouforafewminutes?（我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗？）4、用于从句中表示目的，意为“以便能„„、”“使……可以”例如：Openyourmouthwide,sothatImayseeclearlywhat'swrongwithyourteeth.（把嘴张大些，以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。）Hewrotedownmyaddresssothathemightrememberitwell.（他把我的住址写了下来，以便能记牢。）5、在用may提问时，否定回答常用masWt或maynot表示“不行”、“不可以。例如：MayIgonow?No,youmustnft.（我可以走了吗？不，不可以。）must1、must表示说话人的主观意志表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。例如:Imustgotoschooltoday.（今天我必须上学去。）HetoldmeImustn,tleaveuntilmymothercame.（他告诉我，在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。）2、must表示推测，“一定是'、“准是”例如：Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.（他们一定是非常疲劳了，让他们休息一会儿吧。）Jackdoesn,tlookwell.Hemustbeill.（杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。）［难点解释］1、haveto表示“必须、“不得不”它不仅能代替must,用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态，表示说话人的主观看法，而且又表示客观上的需要例如:Ifwemissthelastbus,weshallhavetowalkhome.（如果我们末班车，我们将不得不走回家。）2、在回答must的疑问句时，否定回答常用needn't表示“不必”例如:MustIreturnthisbooktoyouintwoweeks?（这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗？）Yes,youmust.（是的。）No,youneedn’t.（不，不必了。）need和dareneed（需要）和dare（敢于）既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。1、need和dare作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句need无形态变化，dare的过去式是dared。例如：Itfswarmtoday.Youneednftputonyourcoat.（今天天气很暖和，你不必穿上大衣。）Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.（她晚上不敢一个人出去。）2、need和dare作及物动词时，后常跟动词不定式,它们有人称、数和时态等形态变化。在构成否定和疑问形式时与其他及物动词一样，要用助动词does或did等。例如：Hedidn’tneedtogotoschooltoday.（今天你不必上学。）Theyneededanexcuseandsoonfoundone.（他们需要借口，不久便找到了一个。）oughtto和shouldoughtto和should作情态动词用，都是.“应该分“应当”的意思。oughtto语气较强指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事，或按观念和道理也应对某事负责。Should指主观上认为有责任和义务去做，但语意不如ghtto强。例如：Yououghttorespectyourteachers.（你们应该尊敬你们的老师。）Weshouldbecarefulofothersfeelings.（我们应该尊重别人的感情。）（一）实义动词：Hisgrandmother__in1985.Shehasbeen fortenyears.A.died,diedB.dead,dead C.dying,deathD.died,dead一Howlong youthebicycle? Abouttwoweeks.A.have,had B.have,bought C.didbuyD.have,getBecauseof2008BeijingOlympics,allofChinesetryingtomakegreatcontributionsto ourenvironment.A.protectB.protected C.protectsD.protectingThousandsofpeopletookourpartintheundevelopedland.A.openingoutB.openingupC.openupD.openwith5•一YourspokenEnglishismuchbetter.一Thankyou.MyteacheroftenasksusEnglish.A.tospeakmanyB.nottospeakmuchC.tospeakmuchD.nottospeakmoreMr.ZhangoftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefoodA.cookB.cooksC.cookedD.tocookThesupermarketisfarfromMary'shouse.Sosheonlyonceaweek.A.goesshopping B.hasbeenthereC.hasgonethereHerethebus!A.come B.comesC.comingMaryisoftenathomeonweekendsandtimewithhergrandparents.A.spendB.takes C.spendsMyfathertoldmethattheearthroundwhenIwasachild.A.isB.wasC.beWhenshewas22yearsold,herdreamtobeateacher.A.cometrueB.willcometrueC.cametrue--Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?-No,shegotuptoolate.A.didsheB.hadn,tsheC.didn,tsheI totheparkwhenIwasachild.A.oftengoB.usedtogoC.amusedtogoingIfIthreeheadsandsixhands,Iwouldcarrythehugerockbymyself.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadIwaswatchingTVwhenastrangemanintomyhouse.A.wascomingB.cameC.iscoming16--Whenyouherthegoodnews?--Assoonasshecomesback.A.do,tellB.did,bringC.will,tell.Mikealwaysmybooksanddoesn,treturnthem.WhatshouldIdo?A.keepsB.lendsC.borrows-Oh,look!It,sJack/smathbook,isn,tit?Buthehasamathtesttoday?--Don,tworry,mum.Iwillittohim.B.takeC.borrowA.bringB.takeC.borrow19.Iaskedmybrothertohisroom.It,srealmess.A.putupB.stayupC.cleanup20.-Myshoesarewornout.-A.Can'ttheybemended? B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost? D.Can'ttheymended?（二）连系动词：1.Mybrother ateacher.He hispupilsverymuch.A.is,like B.is,likesC.are,likesD.are,like2.A:Howmanydays thereinaweek?B:There seven.A.is,is B.are,areC.is,areD.are,is3.I tiredlastnight.A.became B.feltC.lookedD.am4.Herface pale（苍白）whensheheardthebadnews.A.got B.isC.turnedD.was5.You pale.What'swrongwithyou?A.turn B.seemC.lookD.become6.Theboy illtoday.A.are B.isC.beD.am7.Which bigger,thesunorthemoon?A.are B.isC.beD.x8.NeithershenorI adoctor.A.amnot B.amC.areD.is9.I aworkernextyear.A.am B.willbeC.beD.will10.Hervoice likemymother's.A.sounds B.soundC.looksD.Look（三）助动词：1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,weafootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,heearlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseD.wouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChinagreatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmadegotobeduntilIfinishedmywork.A.don/t/hadB.didn/t/haveC.didn't/hadD.don/t/have.Heliveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.prefersB.likestoC.hadbetterD.wouldrather.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenheforthebus.A.wasrunningB.wasrunningC.wererunningD.isrunning7.Ifthey,ourplanwillfallflat.A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operatedC.won'tco-operateD.don'tco-operate.―yougivemearoomforthenight?IIIaskedonarrivingatthehotel.A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May.Therearenineofthem,sogetintothecaratthesametime.A.theymaynotatallB.alltheymaynotC.theycan'tallD.alltheycan't.—Wedidn,tseehimatthelectureyesterday.I—Heit.IA.mustn,tattendB.cannothaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedD.needn,thaveattended（四）情态动词：Iyou,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong.A.darenotaskB.darenottoaskC.darenotasking D.daretonotaskTheresomeflowersinthegarden.A.wereusedtobeB.usedtobeC.usestobeD.usedtobehaving"Itakeitout?""I'msorry,you."A.Could...couldn'tB.Might...mightnotC.Could...canD.May...can'tYouwerestupidtoclimbthetree.Youhurtyourself.A.mayB.mightC.willD.mighthaveYouthoseletters.Whydidn'tyou?A.shouldpostB.shouldhavepostedC.musthavepostedD.oughttopost.Allthelightsareon,theSmithsup.A.mustgetB.isgettingC.mustbegettingD.wouldgetHeleadahorsetothewaterbuthenotmakeitdrink.A.will...canB.may...canC.may...daresD.dare...can"Needwedothisjobnow?""Yes,."A.youneedB.youshouldC.youmustD.youcantohavelunchwithustoday?A.DoyoulikesB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikesD.HaveyoulikedHesaidthatyouwatchTValltheeveningifyouwished.A.may