人教版高中英语必修四Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour-语法篇(学生版)

Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour语法篇要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法 动词的-ing形式作表语，定语，宾语补足语并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。 v-ing能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。其时态和语态的变化为时态语态主动被动一＞时doingbeingdone完成时havingdonehavingbeendone(1)动词-ing分为动名词和现在分词两类。(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。(3)现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。三、动词-ing作表语.作表语的动词-ing所体现的是名词的特性， 用于对主语的内容进行解释说明， 可表示抽象或习惯上的动作，且主语和表语可以换位。E.g.Herjobiscleaningthebuilding.她的工作是打扫楼房。.作表语的现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语的性质或特征，这时通常看作形容词，且主语与表语不可换位。E.g.Thoughthejobisboring,hehastodoittomakealiving.尽管这份工作无趣，为了谋生他也只好做。四、v.-ing形式作定语.动词-ing作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途时，一般只能作前置定语。E.g.Nowheiswaitingforyouinthewaitingroom.(表示用途)现在他在候诊室里等着你。.动词-ing兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征时，可以作前置定语 (具有动词、形容词的特征)，也可以作后置定语(兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征)，表示正在进行的动作或某种状态， 单个动词-ing作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；动词-ing短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。E.g.Thegirlstandingthere(=Thegirlwhoisstandingthere)ismyclassmate.第1页/共5页站在那里的女孩是我的同学。五、动词-ing作补语动词-ing作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词 -ing形式便转换为主语补足语。E.g.Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.（宾语补足语）那老板让工人整夜地工作。E.g.Theworkerswerekeptworkingthewholenight.（主语补足语 ））位于感官动词后 （see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等）。E.g.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.我感到有人拍我的肩膀。）位于使役动词后（have，make，let，get，keep，set，catch等）。E.g.Hegottheclockgoingagain.他让钟表又走了起来。）用于with复合结构中。E.g.Withthelightburning,hefeltasleep.灯亮着，他睡着了。六、难点突破1.作表语的动词－ ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的，用来修饰物，常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing,astonishing,此类形容词意为：令人 的。E.g.Theproblemispuzzling，whicheasilymakespeoplepuzzled.这个问题是令人迷惑的，很容易让人迷惑不解。2.see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用动词-ing和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。动词-ing作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在进行；而动词不定式作宾语补足语时，表示 （或强调动作从开始到结束的全过程。E.g.Whenwepassedtheclassroom，wesawastudentplayingthepiano.（动作在进行 ）当我们经过教室时，我们看见一个学生在弹钢琴。E.g.Wewatchedourteachermakeanexperimentduringyesterday'sclass.（动作全过程 ）在昨天的课上，我们观看老师做了一个实验。若用短暂性动词的某个形式作宾语补足语，其不定式短语表示一个动作，而其 -ing则表示反复动作。E.g.Weheardthedoorslam.（一次动作）我们听见门“砰”的一声关上了。E.g.Weheardthedoorslamming.（反复动作）我们听见了“砰砰砰”的关门声例1（.2019江西吉安段考）Afewdaysaftertheinterview，Ireceivedaletter meadmissiontotheuniversity.A.havingoffered B.offered C.tobeoffered D.offering例2.Theprogramwassofascinatingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes onthescreen.A.tofix B.tobefixed C.fixed D.fixing例3.（2019四川） Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts aftergreateffort.A.havingdeveloped B.todevelop C.developed D.develop第2页/共5页第第页/共5页例4.(2019北京)TherearestillmanyproblemsbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solving B.solved C.beingsolved D.tobesolved例5.Volunteeringgivesyouachancelives,includingyourown.A.change B.changing C.changed D.tochange基础演练完成句子.Thisisa(口头协议)..Hecan'tputupwith(老板对他的虐待)..Noone(满足于)whathehas.twill(吓你一跳)tohearwhatIpaidforthisring.5.Hefellinthewater,(逗得孩子们乐不可支).6.Heis(不是个成功的艺术家),butasuccessasanartteacher.6.(injure)inthelegmadeitimpossibleforhimtowalkhiswayhome.7.Iwaslate,but(幸运地)themeetinghadn'tstarted..Hecan'tspeak(满满一口f食物)..Helooked(直接地)atme..He(挑选了一条领带)towearwithhissuit.巩固提高用动词的适当形式填空Asyouknow,seeingis(believe).(take)exercisedoesgreatgoodtoyourhealth.Wesawthemanager(pick)upthetelephoneandmakeacall.Lookatthe(fly)bird.It'snice!Iwanttobuya(wash)machineformymother.Todothatwouldbe(cut)thefoottofittheshoe.Wewereallvery(surprise)atthenews.Ifounditvery(surprise).Hegaveusan(inspire)speech.Wewereall(inspire).完成句子I'm;Idon'tmindwhatIwear.(particular)我对衣服不是很挑剔；我不介意穿什么。Irecently.(occasion)最近我经常遇见她。Hewithoutanyonenoticing.(slide)在没有任何人注意的情况下，他溜进了一个房间。Hetoldsomejokes.(amuse)他说了一些笑话来逗乐那个在哭闹的孩子。Whenthepartyended,thewholeroom.(leave)当宴会结束时，整个房间都乱七八糟。Sheaboutwhatshehadheard.(whisper)她悄悄地给我说了她听到的一些事。Theybyburstingintolaughter.(react)对他说的笑话，他们回应以大笑。thateveryonecouldunderstandit.(explanation)他的解释很清楚，每个人都能够理解。Hethathecouldn'tdrivehome.(drunk)他醉得厉害，不能开车回家。Weyesterday.(do)我们本应该昨天购物的。单项选择Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeopletheopeningceremonyliveonTV.A.watch B.towatch C.watched D.watchingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.Find B.Finding C.Tofind D.FoundWe'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todoToadytherearemoreairplanesmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.A.carry B.carrying C.carried D.tobecarryingWhenwesawtheroadwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A.block B.toblock C.blocking D.blocked一、单项选择.(2019福建卷)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.A.Spending B.Spent C.Havingspent D.Tospend(2019福建卷)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying.A.connected B.connecting C.toconnect D.tobeconnected(2019湖南卷)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.A.Understanding B.TobeunderstoodC.Beingunderstood D.Havingunderstood(2019湖南卷)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,atthenightsky.A.tostare B.staring C.stared D.havingstared(2019湖南卷)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthought第4页/共5页andinnerquietness.A.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.FreeingA.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing6.（2019江苏卷）6.（2019江苏卷）Hislecture,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.A.beinggivenhavinggiventobegivenhavingbeengiven（2019江西卷）nearlyallourmoneywecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.A.HavingspentTospentC.SpentA.beinggivenhavinggiventobegivenhavingbeengiven（2019江西卷）nearlyallourmoneywecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.A.HavingspentTospentC.SpentD.Tohavespent8.（2019江西卷）8.（2019江西卷）Heisthoughtfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.A.toactB.tohaveactedC.actingD.havingactedA.toactB.tohaveactedC.actingD.havingacted9.Ashiploadedwithexpensivegoodswasreportedintotheseawithitsoiltosink;givenouttohavesunk;runout9.Ashiploadedwithexpensivegoodswasreportedintotheseawithitsoiltosink;givenouttohavesunk;runoutC.havingsunk;usedupD.tohavesunk;runoutofC.havingsunk;usedupD.tohavesunk;runoutof10.（2019山东卷）Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor10.（2019山东卷）Thereisanotepinnedtothedoorwhentheshopwillopenagain.A.sayingB.saysC.saidD.havingsaid（2019山东卷）It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.beingemployedC.toemployD.employs（2019陕西卷）It，squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikeforaswim?A.togoB.goingA.sayingB.saysC.saidD.havingsaid（2019山东卷）It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.beingemployedC.toemployD.employs（2019陕西卷）It，squ