污水输送管各种管材比选中英文对照

8.4污水输送管各种管材比选8.4ComparisonandSelectionofVariousTypesofSewageDeliveryTubing排水工程管材TubingforDrainageWorks目前国内用于排水管道工程的管材有许多种，特别是近几年来随着新技术和新材料的发展，又出现了许多新管材，它们各有特点，各善胜场，运用在排水行业，均有不俗的业绩。Incurrentdomesticmarket,varioustypesoftubingfordrainageworksareavailable,especiallywiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyandnewmaterialsinrecentyears,manykindsofnewtubingaredeveloped,whichhavedifferentfeaturesandadvantagesandareappliedtodrainageindustrywithgoodperformance.用于排水管道工程的管材主要有：Themajortubingappliedtodrainagepipelineengineeringisasfollows:金属管材（主要指钢管、球墨铸铁管、灰口铸铁管等）；Metaltubing(mainlyrefertosteeltubes,spheroidalgraphiteirontubes,graycastirontubesetc.);普通的钢筋混凝土管材（主要指一级、二级离心钢筋混凝土管）；Commonreinforcedconcretetubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIandGradeIIcentrifugalreinforcedconcretetubes);加强的钢筋混凝土管材（主要指三级离心钢筋混凝土管、预应力钢筋混凝管、预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称PCCP管））；Enhancedreinforcedconcretetubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIIIcentrifugalconcretetubes,prestressedreinforcedconcretetubes,prestressedsteelcylinderconcretetubes(PCCPtubesforshort));玻璃钢夹砂管材（主要指缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂管和离心式玻璃钢夹砂管等）；Glassreinforcedsandinclusiontubing(mainlyrefertospiralwoundtypeglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesandcentrifugalglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesetc.)合成材料管材（主要指UPVC、UPVC加强筋管、HDPE管、FRPP等）等。Compositematerialtubing(mainlyrefertoUPVC,UPVCreinforcedtubes,HDPEtubesandFRPPtubesetc.)各种管材的比较ComparisonofVariousTubing1．金属管材（主要指钢管、球墨铸铁管、灰口铸铁管等）1．MetalTubing(mainlyrefertosteeltubes,spheroidalgraphiteirontubes,graycastirontubesetc.)钢管(1)Steeltubes机械强度大，可承受很高的压力，管件制作、加工方便，适用于地形复杂地段或穿越障碍等情况。但突出的问题是管道的腐蚀及其防护。内外防腐的施工质量直接和管道的使用寿命有关，且钢管的综合造价较高。尽管如此，在一些特殊条件下仍是其它管材所不能替代的。Steeltubehasgreatmechanicalstrengthandiscapableofbearinghighpressure,andthefabricationandprocessingoftubingisconvenient,hencethesteeltubeisapplicabletotheareawithcomplexlandformorwithobstacles.However,theoutstandingissueisconcerninganti-corrosionandprotectionofthetubes.Constructionqualityofinternalandexternalanti-corrosionisdirectlyrelatedtoservicelifeofthetubes,andthecomprehensivecostofthesteeltubeisrelativelyhigh.Evenso,thesteeltubeisnotreplaceablebyothertubesundersomespecialcircumstances.球墨铸铁管(2)SpheroidalGraphiteIronTubes分可延性和铸态球墨铸铁管，抗拉、抗弯强度大，延伸率大，耐压力大，耐腐蚀优于钢管，但价格偏高，且管配件有时需用钢制配件转换，因而产生防腐问题。Spheroidalgraphiteirontubesaredividedintoductileandas-castspheroidalgraphiteirontubes,whichhavegreatextensionandflexuralstrength,bigelongationpercentageandstrongpressure-resistanceforce.Theanti-corrosionperformanceisbetterthansteelpipes,butitspriceishigher,andsometimesitsfittingshavetobeswitchedwithsteelfittings,whichcausesanti-corrosionproblem.灰口铸铁管(3)GrayCastIronTubes物理性质与球墨铸铁管类似，但在延伸率等较多方面均劣于球墨铸铁管，但灰口铸铁管价格适中。因制造过程中对环境的影响较大。目前已从以前的主流管材变为次要管材。Itsphysicalpropertyissimilartothatofspheroidalgraphiteirontubes,butsomeaspectssuchaselongationpercentageareinferiortothespheroidalgraphiteirontubes.Thepriceofgraycastirontubesismoderate.Duetoitsgreatimpactonenvironmentduringproduction,thegraycastirontubeshavechangedfrommaintubinginthepasttimetosecondarytubing.2．普通的钢筋混凝土管材（主要指一级、二级离心钢筋混凝土管）2．CommonReinforcedConcreteTubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIandGradeIIcentrifugalreinforcedconcretetubes)使用时间最长，适用场合最广泛，价格便宜，性能稳定，目前仍是排水行业的最主要的管材。Owingtoadvantagesoflongservicelife,extensiveapplication,lowprice,andstableperformance,thecommonreinforcedconcretetubingisstillthemostmajortubinginthedrainageindustry.3．加强的钢筋混凝土管材（主要指三级离心钢筋混凝土管、预应力钢筋混凝管、预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称PCCP管））3．EnhancedReinforcedConcreteTubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIIIcentrifugalconcretetubes,prestressedreinforcedconcretetubes,prestressedsteelcylinderconcretetubes(PCCPtubesforshort))预应力钢筋混凝土管(1)Prestressedreinforcedconcretetubes预应力钢筋混凝土管：利用先张法、后张法对环向钢筋、纵向钢筋进行张拉，使混凝土内产生预应力，从而提高管材的承截力。具有节约钢材、抗震性好、使用寿命长等特点，据生产工艺分为一阶段管和三阶段管。多用于有压水的输送，管径范围φ800—φ1400，承受内压能力为0.4—1.2Mpa，粗糙度系数n=0.013—0.014。Pre-stressedreinforcedconcretetube:Pre-tensioningandpost-tensioningmethodsareusedtotensioncircumferentialreinforcementsandlongitudinalreinforcementssoastogeneratepre-stressingforceinsideconcreteandfurtherimprovebearingforceoftubing.Thepre-stressedreinforcedconcretetubeischaracterizedinsavingsteelmaterial,goodearthquakeresistanceperformanceandlongservicelife.Accordingtomanufacturingtechnology,thetubesaredividedintophaseItubeandphaseIIItube.Theyaremainlyappliedtodeliveringpressurewater.Tubediametersrangeφ800—φ1400，internalpressurebearingcapacityis0.4—1.2Mpa，androughnesscoefficientisn=0.013—0.014.一阶段和三阶段管较耐腐蚀，价格一般，但工作压力有限，自重大，运输安装不便，管子破损率较高，管承口的不规则圆易导致接口漏水，管配件需用钢制件转换。PhaseIandphaseIItubesarerelativelycorrosionresistant,withmoderateprices,butworkpressureislimited,selfweightisgreat,transportationandinstallationisinconvenient,tubesbreakagepercentageisrelativelyhigh,theirregularcircleatthetubesocketeasilycauseswaterleakage,andthetubefittingrequiressteelpartsforadaptation.预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称PCCP管）(2)PrestressedSteelCylinderConcreteTubes(PCCPtubesforshort)PCCP管是由两种不同材料组成的复合体，其结构形式是由薄钢板焊成的筒体外包混凝土，缠绕预应力钢丝和用砂浆作保护层。其特点是具有高抗渗性，能承受很大的内外荷载，接口密封性好。由于它本身能抵抗较大的外荷载，使其不须依赖土壤的侧向支撑，因而对回填土要求较柔性管低。主要用于有压水的输送，管径范围为φ1200—φ2000，承内压的能力分为9级，最大可达2.0Mpa，粗糙度系数较其它混凝土管低，n=0.010—0.012，但其价格较贵。PCCPtubeisacompositeconsistingoftwodifferentmaterials,thestructuralformofwhichisthatacylinderweldedwiththinsteelsheetiscoveredwithconcrete,andisboundwithprestressingsteelwiresandtakesmortarasprotectivelayer.Itischaracterizedinthatithashighanti-leakingproperty,iscapableofbearingbiginternalandexternalload,anditsinterfaceiswellsealed.Itscapacityofresistinglargeexternalloadenablesitnottorelyonlateralsupportofthesoil,thereforeitsrequirementsonbackfillingsoilislowerthanonflexibletubes.ThePCCPtubeismainlyappliedtopressurewaterdelivery,itstubediameterrangesφ1200—φ2000,capacityofbearinginternalpressureisdividedin9levels,maximumcapacitymayreach2.0Mpa,roughnesscoefficientn=0.010—0.012islowerthanotherconcretetubes,butitspriceisrelativelyhigh.PCCP管分内衬式和嵌置式,钢环状承插口密封性强，兼有钢管和混凝土管的某些优点,但管材自重大,也需一些钢制转换件,运输、安装不便，相应增加了管材的施工制作配套费用，必要时需在保护层外涂沥青防腐。这种管材对于大口径能显示其性价比方面优越性。PCCPtubesaredividedintoinnerliningtypeandinsertiontype,andsteelringshapedfaucethasgoodtightness.ThePCCPtubeshavesomeadvantagesofsteeltubesaswellasconcretetubes,butselfweightofthetubingisgreatanditrequiressomesteelpartstoadapt,thetransportationandinstallationisinconvenientwhichincreasescostsassociatedwithconstructionandfabricationofthetubing.Whennecessary,asphaltanti-corrosionshallbeappliedtotheoutsideoftheprotectivelayer.Suchtubingwithlargediametercanshowitsadvantagesinpriceandperformance.4.玻璃钢夹砂管材（主要指缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂管和离心式玻璃钢夹砂管等）4.GlassReinforcedSandInclusionTubing(mainlyrefertospiralwoundtypeglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesandcentrifugalglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesetc.)分离心浇铸玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯夹砂管和玻璃纤维缠绕增强热固性树脂夹砂复合管,具有重量轻，利于施工安装，耐腐蚀等特点，使用周期长，可达到50年以上，水力性能优，管内壁粗糙度n=0.008~0.010，在相同水力条件下，玻璃钢管可代替比它直径大一至二档的混凝土管和钢管、球墨铸铁管。但玻璃钢夹砂管与同管径管材相比价格偏高，且抗击集中外力和不均匀外力的能力较弱。Itisdividedintocentrifugalcastglassreinforcedundersaturatedpolyestersandinclusiontubesandglassfiberspiralwoundreinforcedthermosetsandinclusioncompositetubes,whichischaracterizedinlightweight,facilitatinginstallationconstruction,andresistingcorrosion.Theservicelifecanreachover50years.Itshydraulicperformanceisexcellent,withtheinnerwallroughnessn=0.008~0.010，undersamehydrauliccondition,glassreinforcedsteeltubemaysubstituteconcretetubes,steeltubesandspheroidalgraphiteirontubesofwhichthediameterisonetotwogearsbiggerthanglasssteeltubes.However,comparedwithothertubingwithequaldiameter,thepriceofglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesishigher,anditscapacityofresistingconcentratedexternalforceandunevenexternalforceisrelativelyweak.5．合成材料管材（主要指UPVC加强筋管、HDPE管、FRPP、塑料螺旋管等）5.CompositeMaterialTubing(mainlyreferstoUPVCreinforcedtubes,HDPEtubesandFRPPtubesandplasticspiraltubesetc.)合成材料管材是近几年才兴起的新材料、新技术，它主要指UPVC加强筋管、HDPE管、FRPP管等，这些管材的制作必须符合国家和地方有关标准和规定。Compositematerialtubingisnewdevelopedmaterialandtechnologyinrecentyears,whichmainlyreferstoUPVCreinforcedtubes,HDPEtubes,andFRPPtubesetc.Thefabricationofthesetubesmustmeetrelevantnationalandlocalstandardsandstipulations.该类管材的特点主要有：Featuresofthistypetubinginclude:（1）内壁光滑，水头损失小，节省能耗；（1）Smoothinnerwall,minorlossofwater,savingenergy;（2）材质轻，比重小，便于运输与施工安装；（2）Light-weightmaterial,smallspecificgravity,beingconvenientfortransportationandconstruction;（3）管道接口密封性好，可确保管内污水不外漏，并可顺应地基不均匀沉降，不会产生如硬性混凝土管的脱节断裂现象；（3）Goodtightnessofthepipelineinterfacesmayensurenon-leakageofthesewageinthepipeandadapttounevensettlementoffoundation,andwillnotresultinthephenomenonofdisjunctionandbreakageofrigidconcretetubes.（4）耐腐蚀，适用寿命长；（4）Corrosionresistanceandlongservicelife;（5）单根管道长度长；（5）Longlengthofsinglepieceofpipeline;（6）价格较贵，适用于中、小管径。（6）Priceisrelativelyhigh,henceisapplicabletotubesofmediumandsmalldiameter.决定管材选用的综合影响因素ComprehensiveInfluencingFactorsinDeterminingtheSelectionofTubing1．施工方法（包括打开挖、维护开挖、顶管、沉管及非开挖等施工方法）；1．Constructionmethod(includingopenexcavationmethod,maintenanceexcavationmethod,pipejackingmethod,tubessinkingmethodandnon-excavationmethodetc.)4．管道埋深及地下水状况；4．Burieddepthofthetubesandgroundwatercondition;5．施工现场具体情况；5．Specificconditionofconstructionsite;6．施工周期；6．Constructionduration;7．地质状况；7．Geologicalcondition;8．回填质量；8．Qualityofbackfilling;9．管材的物理性质；9．Physicalpropertyofthetubes;10．管道接口形式及止水密封性能；10．Interfaceformandwatertightsealingperformanceofthepipeline;11．管道综合价格（包括管材、运输及施工等综合造价）；11．Comprehensivepriceofthepipeline(includingtubing,prehensivecosts);12．工程所在地的常规施工技术；12．Regularconstructiontechnologyoftheprojectlocation;13．工程所在地的常规管材品种及管径系列；13．Regulartubingvarietyandtubingdiameterseriesintheprojectlocation;14．其它影响因素。14．Otherinfluencingfactors污水输送管管材选择方案比较ComparisonofSelectionProposalforSewageDeliveringTubing方案比选1.ProposalsComparisonandSelection近期建设范围的污水输送管主要为系统总管和干管，管径大，主要为重力管道，输送距离长、埋深范围大、支线接入较多，因此针对重力输送管道管材，作以下4种较适用管材进行方案比选：Thesewagedeliveringtubingoftheconstructionrangeinnearfutureismainlysystemmaintubeandtrunktubewithbigdiameter,whichbelongstogravitypipeline,withlongdeliverydistance,largeburyingdepthrangeandmultiplebranchlinesconnection.Basedonthegravitydeliveringpipelinetubing,thefollowing4proposalsaremadeforcomparisonandselection:（1）方案一：预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称PCCP管）；（1）ProposalI:prestressedsteelcylinderconcretetubes(PCCPtubesforshort);（2）方案二：钢筋混凝土管；（2）ProposalII:reinforcedconcretetubes;（3）方案三：钢管；（3）ProposalIII:steeltubes;方案四：玻璃钢夹砂管。(4)ProposalIV:glasssteelsandtubes.污水输送管管材方案比较表表-1ComparisonofSewageDeliveringTubingTable-1方案名称NameofPropoosal方案一ProposallI方案二ProposallII方案三ProposallIII方案四ProposallIV管材名称NameofTubinng预应力钢筒混凝土土管（PCCP管）Prestresssedssteelcylinndercconcreetetuubes((PCCPtubess)钢筋混凝土管Reinforccedcooncrettetubbes钢管Steeltuubes玻璃钢夹砂管Glassstteelssandttubes管内承压Inside-ttubelloadbbearinng高、中、低压High,meedium,,lowpresssure中、低压Medium,lowppressuure中、低压Medium,lowppressuure中、低压Medium,lowppressuure管道接口Pipelineeinteerfacee双橡胶圈Doublerrubberrwashher锲形橡胶圈Wedge-shhapedrubbeerwassher焊接welding柔性橡胶圈Flexibleerubbberwaasher接口密封性Sealingperfoormancceofinterrface好Good好Good好Good较好Relativeelygoood抗不均匀沉降能力力Capacityyofrresisttinguunevennsetttlemennt较好Relativeelygoood较好Relativeelygoood好good较好Relativeelygoood抗集中外力损伤能能力Capacityyofrresisttingddamageesbyconceentrattedexxternaalforrce好Good好Good好Good较差Relativeelypooor管材防腐性Anti-corrrosioonproopertyyofttubingg好Good一般Common较差（需进行防腐腐处理）relativeelypooor(nneedaanti-ccorrossivettreatmment)较好Relativeelygoood粗糙系数Roughnessscoeefficiient0.0120.0140.0120.010壁厚Wallthiicknesss厚Thick厚Thick较薄Relativeelythhin一般Common重量Weight重heavy重heavy较轻Relativeelyliight较轻Relativeelyliight防渗Anti-leaakage好Good较好Relativeelygoood较好Relativeelygoood较好Relativeelygoood使用寿命Servicelife长Long较长Relativeelyloong一般Common较长Relativeelyloong基础处理Foundatiiontrreatmeent一般不需特殊处理理，基础可填填砂Normallyyunneecessaarytoomakeespeccialttreatmment;founddationnmaybefiilledwithsand一般需设条形混凝凝土基础Normallyyneeddstriipconncreteefounndatioon一般不需特殊处理理，基础可填填砂Normallyyunneecessaarytoomakeespeccialttreatmment,theffoundaationmaybbefillledwwithssand基础必须填砂，均均匀密实Foundatiionmuustbeefillledwiithsaand,eevenaandcoompactt施工质量Construcctionqualiity较易控制，较易保证RelativeelyeaasytoobeccontroolledRelativeelyeaasytoobeeensureed易控制，易保证Easytobecoontrollled;easytobeeensuured易控制，易保证Easytobecoontrollled;easytobeeensuured一般Common对土质适应性Adaptabiilitytosooilquualityy较强Relativeelysttrong强Strong强Strong较强Relativeelysttrong管道敷设整体性Integrittyofpipellinellayingg好Good较好Relativeelygoood好Good较好Relativeelygoood回填要求Backfilllingrrequirrementt一般Common一般Common一般Common很高Veryhiggh施工方法Construcctionmethood较复杂Relativeelycoompliccated简单Simple简单Simple一般common安全性Safety高High较高Relativeelyhiigh高High一般Common管径系列Tubediaameterrseriies较齐全Relativeelycoomplette齐全Completee齐全Completee大管径稍受限制Bigdiammeterisliimitedd管道埋深Embedmenntdeppth不受限制Norestrrictioon不受限制Norestrrictioon不受限制Norestrrictioon受限制Restrictted施工方法Construcctionmethood施工方法较多（开开槽、顶管等等）Multiplee(channnelingg,