专业外语车辆工程课件

SpecialtyEnglish玄圣夷1.1AutomobileConstructionengine发动机carbody车身carframe车架brakesystem制动系统suspensionsystem悬架系统steeringsystem转向系统powertrainsystem动力传动系统clutch离合器transmission=gearbox变速器driveshaft=propellershaft传动轴finaldrivegears主减速器differential差速器accessory附件heater供暖设备windshieldwiper风挡玻璃、刮水器combustion燃烧internalcombustionengine内燃机combustionchamber燃烧室piston活塞connectingrod连杆crankshaft曲轴camshaft凸轮轴cylinder气缸pushrod推杆1.2Layoutofanautomobilecarburetor化油器airfilter/cleaner空气滤清器radiator散热器silencer消声器dynamo发电机universaljoint万向节leafspring钢板弹簧steeringbox转向器timinggear正时齿轮kingpin主销rollingradius滚动半径brakedrum制动鼓brakedisk制动盘brakeshoes制动蹄brakecaliper制动钳brakepedal制动踏板brakepad制动衬块、制动摩擦块wheelhub轮毂hydraulicsystem液压系统lever杠杆linkage连接机构spline花键、用花键连接2.1Enginecarburetor化油器aircleaner空气滤清器oilpickup机油集滤器oilpan油底壳in-lineengine直列式发动机opposedengine对置式发动机diesel柴油；gasoline汽油cylinderbore缸径cylinderblock气缸体2.1.2EngineBlockcrankcase曲轴箱diecast压铸；forge锻造；weld焊接castiron铸铁；alloy合金；steel钢molten熔化的、熔融的sandmold砂型；sandcore砂芯expansionplug膨胀塞frostplug冰冻安全塞oilgallery润滑油道drill钻孔cylinderliner/sleeve气缸套drycylinderliner干式气缸衬套wetcylinderliner湿式气缸衬套portedcylinderliner孔式气缸衬套waterjacket水套counterbore沉孔gasket/washer垫圈exhaustmanifold排气管valveguide气门导管sealring密封环bore孔、镗孔、缸径bored/boring镗孔的boringcutter镗刀alignbored同心镗bolt螺栓；nut螺母；thread螺纹screw螺钉；capscrew有帽螺钉pressfit过盈配合、紧配合loosefit间隙配合、松配合thrustflange止推凸缘endwisemovement轴向运动counter-weight平衡重vibrationdamper减振器torqueconverter液力变矩器firingorder点火顺序key键woodruffkey半圆键flatkey平键drawkey滑键spline花键keyway键槽2.1.4Pistonpistoncrown/head活塞顶部pistonskirt/bottom活塞裙部pistonpin活塞销pistonpinboss/support活塞销座pistonpinhole活塞销孔pistonring活塞环pistonringgroove活塞环槽hardness硬度brittleness脆性compressionring压缩环、气环oilcontrolring油环flat-topped平顶domeshaped圆顶形irregularshaped不规则形状ground磨；bore镗；drill钻lathe车；plane刨；polish抛光caseharden表面硬化tin-plated镀锡；plate电镀chrome-faced表面镀铬copperoxide-coated铜氧化涂层plasma-faced等离子表面2.1.5Valvevalve气门valveguide气门导管valveseat气门座valvestem气门杆valvelifter气门挺柱valveclearance气门间隙springretainer弹簧支座heatcapacity热容量、比热heatresistancemetal耐热钢bearingjournal轴颈timinggear正时齿轮3.1Clutchclutchpedal离合器踏板pedaltravel踏板行程clutchpressureplate离合器压盘retainer传力盘drivemember驱动部件drivenmember从动部件adjustingring调整环adapterring结合环frictionring摩擦环diaphragmspring膜片弹簧torsionalcoilspring扭转螺旋弹簧antirattlespring减振弹簧releasebearing分离轴承releaselever分离杠杆clutch/releasefork分离拨叉pull-typeclutch拉式离合器servo伺服,伺服系统hydraulicfluidreservior贮液室hydraulicline液压管路pilotvalve引导阀wearindicator磨损指示器exhaustport排放孔，排气孔perimeter周边，周长slot狭孔，缝，狭槽engage（离合器）接合shiftlever变速杆shiftrail拨叉轴shiftfork拨叉shiftblock滑块retainer自锁locks互锁synchronizersleeves同步器啮合套propellershaft传动轴gearratio传动比constant-meshgear常啮合齿轮drivinggear主动齿轮aclusterofgear齿轮组rim齿圈coaxial共轴的、同心的、同轴的align使成一排、对中drain排出、排水3.4.1Axlesheavy-dutytruck重型载货汽车drivingaxle驱动桥steeringaxle转向桥traileraxle拖车桥axleshafts=axles驱动桥半轴differentialcarrierassembly差速器总成differentialcase差速器壳体rearaxleassembly后桥总成doublereductionaxle双级减速驱动桥semi-floatingtypeaxle半浮式车桥fullyfloatingtypeaxle全浮式车桥differentialspider差速器十字轴differentialpiniongear差速器行星齿轮pinion小齿轮piniongear主动齿轮、小齿轮ringgear第一级从动齿轮、圈齿、齿圈spiralbevel螺旋锥齿轮；hypoidpinion准双曲面小锥齿轮helicalspurpinion斜齿圆柱齿轮；explodedview分解图、爆炸视图cutawayview剖视图universaljoin万向节wheelhub轮毂thrustwasher止推垫圈、止推环grippingwheel驱动轮、附着轮、防滑车轮flange法兰盘、凸缘uneven不平坦的、不规则的weld焊接harden淬火ground磨payload有效载荷controlarm控制臂ballsocket球窝、球座pivot枢轴cardan万向接头snapring卡簧needleroller滚针axlespace轴距greasechannel润滑脂油道zerk加油嘴graphit石墨3.5SuspensionSystemequalizingbeam平衡梁torsionbar扭杆梁airbagspring空气弹簧constantratespring等刚度弹簧leafspring钢板弹簧shockabsorber减振器lockwasher锁止垫圈springclip弹簧夹U-boltU形螺栓hangbracket托架hanger=shackle吊耳tandemdriveaxle串联式驱动桥centerline中心线torquerod扭矩杆3.6.1ManualSteeringGearingwormandrollergear蜗杆滚轮式转向器recirculatingballgear循环球式转向器wormgear蜗轮、蜗杆spiralgroove螺旋槽sectorgear扇形齿轮screw螺钉ballbearing滚子轴承balljoint球形节销ballnut球形螺母adjusterplug调整塞expansionplug膨胀塞roadfeel路感greasefitting润滑油嘴3.6.2Front-endAlignmentfront-endalignment前轮定位kingpin主销toein前束caster主销后倾camber车轮外倾steeringaxleinclination转向轴线内倾spindle轮轴gravity重力centrifugalforce离心力rightangle直角positive正的tipping倾斜3.7BrakeSystemhydraulicbrakesystem液力制动系统mastercylinder制动主缸brakedisc制动盘brakedrum制动鼓brakepedal制动踏板brakeshoe制动蹄caliper制动钳unloadingmechanism卸载机构、卸荷机构pull-backspring回位弹簧airbrakesystem气压制动系统pushrod推杆3.7.1AirBrakesystemcompressor空气压缩机brakechamber制动器室brakevalve制动阀checkvalve单向阀relayvalve继动阀、中继阀synchrovalve分路开关（同步阀）pressureprotectionvalve压力安全阀supplyreservior贮气室slackadjuster制动器调节臂parkingbrake驻车制动lining摩擦衬片brakepad制动衬垫primary/forward/leadingbrakeshoe制动器领蹄secondary/reverse/trailingbrakeshoe制动器从蹄slidingcaliperdiskbrake滑动卡钳式盘式制动器floatingcaliperdiskbrake浮式卡钳式盘式制动器rivet用铆钉铆接maintenance保养contaminant污染物returnspring复位弹簧3.7.2HydraulicBrakeSystemmastercyl