专四作文第四讲课件

Chinglish=Chinese+English

汉式英语刘必庆先生在谈到思维与语言的关系时说:“语言差异不仅仅是一个表层结构问题,它牵涉到我们文化所衍生的喜闻乐见的表现法,更牵涉到一个民族的历史、哲学观所衍生的思维方式和思想。”而思维方式就是人们的思维习惯或思维模式,它又与一个国家,一个民族的文化背景、价值观等因素息息相关的。因此,中国学生经过十多年的英语学习,虽然积累了大量的词汇,掌握了语法,可绝大部分学生仍处于“聋哑英语”状态,并不能用英语自由地交流。这其根本原因是由于没有学会用英语思维。在交际中,如果用汉语思维习惯进行英语交流,必然会影响交际速度和准确度。而这样说出的英语也自然带有中文语音、语法、词汇的特色,是一种洋泾浜语言,也叫中式英语,在英语被称为“Chinglish”,是一个把汉语及英语的英文混合而成的合体字Lihua,howdoyoudo:Ihaven’treceivedyourletterforalongtime.Howareyourconditions?Isyourstudybusy?Pleasereplymesoon.WangweiDearfriend,ItisalongtimesinceIreceivedyourlastletter.Howareyougettingonrecently?Areyoubusywithyourwork?Hopetohearfromyousoon.Sincerelyyours,Wangwei

（2）a.Mybellyisfullalready.b.Iamfullalready.（3）a.Hiseyesareblind.b.Heisblind.（4）a.Hisearsaredeaf.b.Heisdeaf.（5）a.Hisbodyishealthy.b.Heishealthy.

(6)a.HisnameiscalledHenlenJohns.b.HeiscalledHenlenJohns.(7)a.Hisageisveryyoung.b.Heisyoung.(8)a.Mywork/studyisbusy.b.Iambusywithmywork/study.(8)a.Myexamdidn’tpass.b.Ifailedintheexam.Scope(9)a.Hehitmyface.b.Hehitmeintheface.(10)a.Hehitmynose.b.Hehitmeonthenose.(11)a.Heseizedmyhand.b.Heseizedmebymyhand.Focusofattention（14）a.Ihavebrokenthewindow.b.Astonehasbrokenthewindow.（15）a.Johnresemblesmybrother.b.MybrotherresemblesJohn.（16）a.Acatliesunderthebed.b.Underthebedliesacat.（17）a.Icamehereyesterday.b.ItisyesterdaythatIcamehere.(15)a.Wehavewonyourteam.b.Wehavebeatenyourteam.（16）a.Beforeleavingturnoffthelight.b.Turnoffthelightbeforeleaving.（17）a.Mr.Li,Zhanghuafelloffthebikethismorning.Hewouldliketoaskforleavetoseeadoctor.b.Mr.Li,Zhanghuawouldliketoaskforleavetoseeadoctorbecausehefelloffthebikethismorning.“在全球经济事务中,中国应继续保持一个积极而充满活力的力量,我坚信这是符合我国利益的。”让我们看英语的语序:Istronglybelievethatit’sintheinterestsOfmycountrymenthatChinashouldremainanactiveandenergeticpoweringlobaleconomicmatters.

汉语是按时间顺序和逻辑发展关系由先到后、由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到论证,而英语则相反。Perspectiveorstandpoint(23)a.Thepathfallssteeplyintothevalley.b.Thepathclimbssteeplyoutofthevalley.(24)a.Twomenopenedthedoorandwalkedin.b.Thedooropenedandtwomenwalkedin.(24)a.JohnmarriedMary..b.MarymarriedJohn.(24)a.Doyouunderstandme?b.DoImakemyselfunderstood?(25)a.Please(you)findJohntoreceivemycall.b.CouldItalktoJohn?(26)a.What’syourname?b.MayIhaveyourname?(27)a.Whatkindofgoodswouldyouliketobuy?b.CouldIhelpyou?(28)a.Gueststop.b.Staffonly.宾客止步

Subjectivevs.objective(29)a.Shewasverymiserableandherheartbroke.b.Miserytoreherintopieces.(30)a.Peoplefeelgreatsympathizedathismisfortune.b.Hismisfortunearousedgreatsympathyamongpeople.(31)a.Youareeasytomakemistakesindoingso.b.Itiseasyforyoutomakemistakesindoingso.Shiftofperspective（33）Whenaskedwhattodonext,hisanswerwasunclear.（34）Ireturnedtotheclassroomassoonasmylunchhadbeeneaten.（35）TopassCET4,alargevocabularyisamust（36）Attheageofeleven,myfatherbegantoteachmeEnglishRedundantvs.concise(34)Livingstandardforpeopleisimprovingquickly.人们的生活水平在快速提高。(35)Therehavebeengoodharvestinagriculture.农业上获得了大丰收。(36)Hedeclinedpolitelymyinvitation.他礼貌的拒绝了我的邀请。(37)Thecarbegantoaccelerateitsspeed.汽车开始加速。(38)Herecoveredbackfromhiswounds.(39)Youhadbetterconsultwithyourparents.你最好和父母商讨一下。(40)Manynewinnovationsarecontributivetotheprogressofourcountry.新的创新有助于社会的进步Thethesismainlydiscussedtheeducationconditionofourcountry.方式，方面，问题，情况，程度China’seconomyisstillIastateofbackwardness.Weshouldarousepeople’sawarenessoftheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.Thedegreeofpollutionisbecomingincreasinglyserious.Association1a.peoplemountainpeopleseab.hugecrowdsofpeoplea.Thepriceisexpensive.b.Thegoodsisexpensive.3.a.Smokingmayinjurethebody.b.Smokingmayinjurethehealth.4.a.Asstrongasanoxb.asstrongasahorse.a.Lookforaneedleinthesea.b.Lookforaneedleinthehay.AskforleaveMr.Zhou:

Iappreciateyourlessonsverymuch.YouknowhowtoteachEnglishinaninterestingway.Ifeelenjoyableinyourclass.Andallmyclassmatesregardyouasoneoftheiridealteachers.Winteriscoming.Itbecomescolderandcolder.UnfortunatelyIcaughtcold.SoIhavetoaskforleavefortomorrow'sEnglishclass.Yoursrespectfully,

英语的信件喜欢开门见山地点明写信的目的，相反地，汉语中的请求信先写请求的原因，以渲染后面的目的。因此，当这种汉语格式被直译成英语时就会显得可笑且缺乏逻辑性。NativeHerearetwentyexpressionsandforeachtherearetwossentences.Choosethenativeone.1.A.Idon’tdancewelltoo.B.Iamnotaverygooddancereither.2.A.Ihavesomethingtodotomorrow.B.Iamtiedupalldaytomorrow.3.A.Thepriceisveryexpensive.B.Thepriceisveryhigh.4.A.Atweekends,wehaveendlesshomeworktodo.B.Atweekends,wehavealotofhomeworktodo.5.A.Thebathroomandthekitchenarewell-furnished.B.Thebathroomandthekitchenaregood.11.A.Thehigherdegreewehave,themoreopportunitieswemaygetinthejobmarket.B.Ifwehaveahigherdegree,wemaygetmoreopportunitiesinthejobmarket.12.A.Manypeoplecouldn’trealizethatcivilserviceisnotsuitableforeveryone.B.Manypeoplefailtorealizethatcivilserviceisnotsuitableforeveryone.13.A.AnincreasingnumberofpeopleareinfectedwithH1N1.B.MoreandmorepeopleareinfectedwithH1N1.14.A.Afterhefinishedtheexercises,hewentout.B.Theexercisebeingfinished,hewentout.15.A.Itisveryimportanttomasteraforeignlanguagenow.B.Agoodcommandofaforeignlanguageisveryimportantnow.16.A.Manystudentsfindthemselveslostinanotherculture.B.Manystudentslosethemselvesinanotherculture.17.A.Whatissuitableforyoumaynotbeagoodchoicefortheothers.B.Thoughitissuitableforyou,itisnotagoodchoiceforothers.18.A.Toconserveenvironment,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenandlawsbepassed.B.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoconservetheenvironment.19.A.Fortunately,itisn’ttoolatetocorrectourmistakes.B.Itisfortunatethatitisn’ttoolatetocorrectourmistakes.20.A.Ourcountrydevelopedfastinthepasttenyears.B.Thepasttenyearswitnessedthefastdevelopmentofourcountry.3）因果（so,so,so）

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！

Thesnowbegantofall,sowewenthome.

更多短语：

then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat条件ifwithout

4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。

举例：ThisiswhatIcando.

Whetherhecangowithusornotisnotsure.

同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：

Whentogo,Whyhegoesaway…

5）附加（多此一举）

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。

Themanwhomyoumetyesterdayisafriendofmine.

Idon’tenjoythatbookyouarereading.

Mrliu,ouroralEnglishteacher,iseasy-going.

其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whomorthat关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

Whetheryourtastesaremodernortraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.

Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchas

oil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.

Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.（气势恢宏）

要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

7挑战极限原则

既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.

Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent,itssizebeingaboutthreetimesthatofChina.

写作的五项基本原则

一、长短句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.

如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、主题句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！

Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主题句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly三、一二三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1）first,second,third,last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast（不推荐，原因：俗）

4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally（强烈推荐）

6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally（强烈推荐）

7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast（强烈推荐）8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally

9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（适用于两点的情况）

10）foronething,foranotherthing（适用于两点的情况）

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：

Icannotbearit.

可以用短语表达：Icannotputupwithit.

Iwantit.

可以用短语表达：Iamlookingforwardtoit.

这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，general的词是：walkoutoftheroom

但是小偷走出房间应该说：slipoutoftheroom

小姐走出房间应该说：sailoutoftheroom

小孩走出房间应该说：danceoutoftheroom

老人走出房间应该说：staggeroutoftheroom

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

4种用词错误

1.误解词义导致用词错误有些考生在写作时。选用自己没有完全掌握词义或用法的单词、组词造句，是造成用词错误的原因之一￣如：（1）Theyoungmanalwaysputsonleathershoes．（2）Bothsaltandsugarareeasytomeltinhotwater.（3）Theypersuadedtheirsontotryagain，buthejustturnedadeafeartothem.（4）Itisuneasyforthechildrentodosuchathing．1）Theyoungmanalwayswearsleathershoes．（puton表示穿的动作，不表示穿着的状态，而此句表达的意思是“穿着”，而不是“穿上”。）（2）BothsaltandSugarareeasytodissolveInhotwater．（melt常指物体经加热后熔化或者易溶物质受热溶化，不指溶质在溶剂中溶解。）（3）Theyadvisedtheirsontotryagain，butheJustturnedadeafeartothem。（persuadesb．todosth．是“说服某人去做某事”。persuade用过去时或完成时，则意味着对方已经接受劝告而去做某事了。但此句的第1部分用了hejustturnedadeafeartothem，这在词义上造成了前后矛盾的逻辑错误）（4）Itisdifficultforthechildrentodosuchathing。（uneasy是由前缀un￣加词根easy构成，在古英语中有“不容易”的意思。但在现代英语中，uneasy已不表示easy的反义“不容易”了。而是“心神不安”的意思）2.不符合英语习惯导致的用词错误l）Weallhopehimtogetthefirstprize。（2）Mr，Smithdeniedmyinvitationtoadinnerparty。（3）Whoisresponsibleforthisdepartment？（4）Shewillprobablybeelectedwomanchairman.1）Weallexpecthimtogetthefirstprize．（hope的用法只有hopetodosth．或hope＋that从句结构，却不能说hopesb，todosth．）（2）Mr．Smithdeclinedmyinvitationtoadinnerparty。（deny可作“拒绝接受”讲，不过当表示“拒绝接受邀请”时，英语习惯一般不用denyaninvitation∶todeclareuntrue---todenyafaact）（3）Whoisinchargeofthisdepartment？（responsiblefor通常指对某件事的后果负责。如果指时某一方面的工作或某一部门的工作负责，就不能用beresponsiblefor。Involvingimportantdutiesorobligations---beresponsibleforthechild,aresponsibleteacher）（4）Shewillprobablybeelectedchairwoman（womanchairman，是一个词语搭配问题。一般来说。在表示职业的名词前加上man或woman可以区别男女:awomandoctor,awomanwriter,但是“女主席”、女议长”、则不能用woman作定语,另外，英语巾某些固定搭配，决不可以随便改变其结构或任意添加、省略其中的某些成分，否则就会造成不符合惯用表达的用词错误。）3.大词小词滥用大学英语作文题一般限于生活、常识方面的内容．所以，在具体写作中，学生应尽量避免使用大词．尤其生僻的词。四级写作命题范围本身就决定了写作文体只能是非正式文体。在这样的大环境下。要想用好大词，并使其与整篇作文相融合是很难的。弄不好就会弄巧成拙，事倍功半。例：（1）Icomprehendedhisstatement．（2）Whileweareeatingbreakfast，heengagedinananimatedconversation．（3）Hewillcomeintheeventthatitstopsraining。（1）Iunderstoodwhathesaid．2）Whileeatingbreakfast，wehavealovelytalk．（3）Hewillcomeifitstopsraining．建议把有限的时间用于对核心词汇的掌握努力做到熟练运用这些最常用的词充分表达自己的思想。￣

4.误用词性典型的这类错误有：错把名词当动词用，形容词、副词误用，如：（l）Myteacheradvicedmenottogooutaloneatnight。（2）Shedoesn’tawareoftheimportanceofthestudyofEnglish。（3）Manypeoplepresentatthemeet。（4）Todothisbeyondmypower．（5）Thisroadgoesstraightlyfromourschooltothecenterofthecity。

以上5句错例可改正如下：（1）Myteacheradvisedmenottogooutaloneatnight（2）Sheisn’tawareoftheimportanceofthestudyofEnglish.(3)Manypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting.(4)Todothisisbeyondmypower.(5)Thisroadgoesstraightfromourschooltothecenterofthecity.英语中有许多形容词具有动作含义，当它们作表语时，千万不要忘了加连系动词，常见的这类形容词absent，abundant，active，accurate，afraid，alive，asleep，awake，aware，available，backward，busy，downward，faithful，feasible，fond，keen，present，late，responsible，worried，concerned，interested等。。应用文看清题目要求，必须面面俱到。注意格式正确字数不能过分超标。缺一项内容扣1分；语法、拼写及表达各占0.5分。语言较差扣0.5-1分。题目要求：WriteonANSWERSHEETONEanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

看清题目要求，必须面面俱到。注意格式正确字数不能过分超标。缺一项内容扣1分；语法、拼写及表达各占0.5分。语言较差扣0.5-1分。题目要求：WriteonANSWERSHEETONEanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

NoteWritingYesterdayyoufailedtoturnupfortheappointmentwithyourteacher,ProfessorWang.Writehimanoteofapology(1)andmakearequest(2)foranothermeeting.Youshouldalsosuggestthetime(3)fortherequestedmeeting.分析：题中包含四项内容ApologizeforfailuretoturnupfortheappointmentThereasonforfailuretoturnupMakearequestforanothermeetingSuggestthetimefortherequestedmeetingIndentedstyleApril14,2003DearProfessorWang,Iamwritingtoapologizeformissingtheappointmentyesterday.(1)Asuddenheadachemademefailtoturnupfortheappointment.(2)I’mreallysorry.(5)MayIaskforanothermeetingat8:00tonight?(3,4)I’mwaitingforyourreply.(5)

Sincerelyyours,KevinLeeIndentedstyleApril14,2003(1.date)DearProfessorWang,(2.saluation)Iamwritingtoapologizeformissingtheappointmentyesterday.Asuddenheadachemademefailtoturnupfortheappointment.I’mreallysorry.MayIaskforanothermeetingat8:00tonight?I’mwaitingforyourreply.(3.thebody)

Sincerelyyours,(4thecomplimentaryclosing)KevinLee(5.signature)BlockedstyleApril14,2003DearProfessorWang,Iamwritingtoapologizeformissingtheappointmentyesterday.(1)Asuddenheadachemademefailtoturnupfortheappointment.(2)I’mreallysorry.(5)MayIaskforanothermeetingat8:00tonight?(3,4)I’mwaitingforyourreply.(5)

Sincerelyyours,KevinLeeAnapologynoteApril14,2003DearSir,

IamterriblysorrythatIwasn’tabletocometotheclassthismorningowingtoasevereattackofillness.Iencloseacertificatefromthedoctorwhoisattendingme,andhefearsitwillbeseveraldaysbeforeIcanattendclasses.Itrustthatmyenforcedabsencewillnotbotheryou.Respectfullyyours,JimAnInvitationnoteApril14,2003DearTom,

WeareplanningadinnerpartytocelebratethethirtiethanniversaryofProfessorLi’steachingatHarvestRestaurantandwewantyoutocome.It’snextSaturday,Apr.thenineteenth,atsixo’clock.Wedohopeyoucanmakeit,aswearelookingforwardwithgreatpleasuretoseeingyou.Affectionatelyyours,LarryAccepttheinvitationApril15,2003DearLarry,

Thankyouverymuchforyourinvitation.Itwillbegreatpleasureformetocometoyourdinnerpartyontheseventhatsixo’clock.ProfessorLiismuchrespectedbyallofusandIshallbegladtoattendsuchapartyinhishonor.Thankyouforthinkingofme.Affectionately,Tom

declineaninvitation

April14,2003DearMissNancy,MuchtomyregretIwasunabletokeepmypromisetoattendyourbirthdaypartylastSaturday,owingtothefactthatmylittlesonwassuddenlytakenillearlythatday.Hopingtoseeyousoon.TrulyyoursClark接受邀请的句型：

Thankyouverymuchforyourkindinvitationtodinneron…Ishallbedelightedtocome.Nothingwouldgiveusgreaterpleasurethantoacceptyourkindinvitation.谢绝邀请的句型：

Idon’tknowhowtoexpressmywarmthanksforyourwelcomeinvitation,butIamverysorrytosaythatapreviousengagementpreventsmyacceptance.…IsincerelyregretthatowingtoapreviousengagementIamobligedtodeclineyourkindinvitationtodinnernextSunday.

Owingtounavoidablecircumstances,Iampreventedfromattending.IonlywishIcouldbewithyou,butunfortunatelyIhavelessonsthatafternoon.

thankyounoteApril14,2003DearSandy,Whenyouleftapackageformeyesterday,Ihaddifficultywaitinguntilmybirthdaytoopenit.

Idon’tknowhowtothankyouforsuchanattractivepresent.Itissomethingthatwillgivemepleasureforalongtimetocome.Pleaseacceptmysincerethanksandbestwishes.Cordially,Susan描红：DiligenceWhateveronedoes,oneshoulddoitwithconfidence.Ifonehasnoconfidence,thereislittlepossibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisfacedwithdrawbacksorhardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.

Whateveronedoes,oneshoulddoitwithdiligence.Ifoneisnotdiligent,thereislittlepossibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisdealingwithatoughjob.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.

However,inrealitywedoseealotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilitytodosomethingorthattheirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.Forsome,thismightbetrue.Butformany,thisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.

However,inrealitywedoseequiteafewpeoplewhowhileawayalotoftimechatting,drinking,orwatchingtelevision,andalwaysleavetoday’sworktobedonetomorrow.Someofthemmaymakeanexcuseforwhattheyhavedone,butthere’snoroomforanyexcuseforlaziness. Whydopeopleoftenfeelfrustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableofdoingsomething?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,thesepeopledonothaveacorrectestimateofthemselves.Second,theyoverestimatethedifficulties.

Whydon’tsuchpeoplestrivetowork?Thereare,amo