高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解

Unit1重要单词，词组讲解mean的用法WhatdoyoumeantodowithitIdidnmetantohurtyou.meantodo意欲做Thismeansstayingherelonger.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.meandoing意味着做Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.Bemeantfor适合做他说他不适合读书因为懒。Hesaysheastudentforhislaziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failingthisexam anotherone.我并不是故意迟至而Ididn'tbelateforschool.celebratevt.(1)庆祝；祝贺celebrateChristmas/one'sbirthday/avictory)⑵赞扬；称颂Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.词语辨析：celebrate,congratulatecelebrate后常接日期，事情或场合congratulate后常接人表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulatesb.on/uponsth.ex：congratulateyouonyourmarriage.有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。ex：Icongratulatedmyselfonmyescapefrombeingpunished.英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比较Theweddingwilltakeplacetomorrow.In1919,theMay4thMovementtookplaceinChina.takeplace发生,举行；侧重安排或计划而发生的事，带有非偶然”的意思Whathashappenedtohett巧,恰好happen发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有偶然”的意味。当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen和occur可以换用；但当happen用作碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与comeabout互换。Ithappenedtorainthatday.ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.occur发生，出现”，较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occurto有“想起”的意思。TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.breakout伙灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolicecomeabout发生:往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与 how连用。与happen用法较接近用takeplace,happen^comeabout的正确形式填空TheMay4thMovementin1919.Ifanythingtothemachine,letmeknowatonce.Theopeningdayoftheplaytomorrownight.Canyoutellmehowitstarve:vt使饿死vi.饿得要死starvetodeathbestarvedof/starvefor:渴望她很寂寞，渴望友谊：Sheislonely,starvingforfriendship.Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.渴望母爱他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。Theygotlostinthedesertand.Theyareasumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.n.starvation饿死：dieof ayear/dayofplenty富裕/丰收的年月days/yearsofplenty Havewegotenoughapples Yes,thereareplentyinthebasket.plentyof+复数n/不可数nplentyofeggs/food/milk足够的…honour1)光荣，荣誉(n)Theyfightforthehonourofthecountry.Onemustshowhonourtoone'sparents.inhonourof为了纪念Afestivalissetinhonourofthehero.anhounour光荣的人或事情LiuXiangisanhonourtoourcountry.4)尊敬，给以荣誉(v)Childrenshouldhonourtheirparents.satisfyVt.Vi.使满意，使满足Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.satisfiedwith对…满意.She'ssatisfiedwithhernewhouse.令人满意的： satisfying,satisfactory满意：satisfactionpleaseVt使愉快，取悦…Itisdifficulttopleaseeverybody.Ouraimistopleasethecustomers.pleased（人）高兴的…愉快的Pleasing（物）令人愉快的pleasant（物）好听的，令人舒服的pleasure高兴的事情听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.Wearetohearhervoice.Itissuchatous.Iwasverytohearthenews.Thenewswasverytous.harmn损害，伤害.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.（Hedidn'tintendtohurtyou.）dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsbTheeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.Theyofferfood,flowersandgift •••.词语辨析：offer,provide,supplyoffer主动提供。offersthtosb;offersbsthprovide供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。providesth（forsb）;providesbwithsth.supply:供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsthmehelp.WhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswill他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。mehelp.Theyarewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。Thegovernmentneedtotheseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.每个月都得供应足够的电。Electricityshouldbeenougheverymonth.inmemoryof=tothememoryofsbThemuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inhonorof inchargeofinsearchofsb./sth.dressup盛装打扮，化装打扮Youdon'thavedoessupComeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dressoneself给某人自己穿衣dresssb给某人穿衣服你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗DoyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinawhiteskirtDoyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingawhiteskirtDoyouknowthegirlwhohasonawhiteskirt选词填空：weardresshaveonputonMydaughterisnowableto herself.Mr.WualwaysabluecoatinWinter.Wangawhiteshirttoday.liketomyhatwhenIgooutinWinter.awardn.奖品，奖项，奖金，助学金……Sheshowedustheiwardsshehadwon.Marygotanawardandwasabletofinishherstudy.vt.授予 裁定 awardsbsth=awardsthtosbThejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.reward回报，报酬他因为努力学习而受奖。他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。Heforstudyinghard.Hetheworkerwith100yuan.admiresb/sth(for…)钦佩，羡慕Theyadmiredourgarden.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。Weallhiscourageandbravery.admiration名词admirable形容词lookforwardto(介词)+n/v-ing盼望,期待I'mlookingforwardtohiscoming.以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing,而不是dopayattentionto注意 devote…tc@C力于preferto更力口喜欢 getdownto开始做beusedto习惯于--ward向着•一方向backward向后forward向前asthough=asif好像，仿佛.虚拟语气（从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态 .）Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything.Helooksasifhewereill.2.陈述语气（表萩可能的事实就用陈述语气,）Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain..）他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething..）这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。Thegirllookedaroundasifinsearchofsomething..）他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。Hetalksasifhe anexpert..）他英语讲得很前，就像在英国学的一样。HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifheitinEngland..）看起来我们对要赢了。Itlooksasifourteam.turnupappear出现，露面他到目前还没有出现。Hesofar.你总是迟到！（做事慢慢吞吞的）You'realwayslateforeverything!2）调大声音，把...开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please thefire.相关短iinturndown 关小,拒绝turnoff 关掉turnon 打开turnout结果是turntosb.forhelp向某人求助keepone'sword信用，遵守诺言breakone'swordS背诺言inaword简言之inotherwords换句话说haveawordwithsb.与某人交谈havewordswithsb.（aboutsth.）关于某事与某人争吵我想和你谈一下。I'dliketowithyou.

Agentlemanshouldalways__his__.keeps;wordkeep;wordkeeps;wordskeep;wordsholdone'sbreath屏息、当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。Thegirlatthesightofthesnake.takebreathloseone'sbreath=_butofbreath喘不过气来breathev.breathn.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,wewerenearly?A.underourbreath B.lostourbreath?C.caughtourbreath D.outofbreathapologize道歉apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=saysorrytosbfordoingsth你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。Youmustapologizetheteacherbeingsorude.apologyn.makeanapologyjosbfor(doing)sth.drown(drowned,drowned跟、泡,淹没，淹死洪水淹没了街道和房子。Thefloodsthestreetsandhouses.借•一消愁drownonessorrow/sadnessin…drownone'ssorrow/sadnessincoffeeFranktriedtosavethegirlintheriver,butunfortunatelyhewasA.drowned;drowningB.drowning;drownedA.drowned;drowningB.drowning;drownedC.drowned;drownedD.drowning;drowningItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave...obviousadj.明显的，清楚的▲It+be+obvious+that-clauseItwasobviousthatshewasindanger.wipe(wiped,wiped)Vt擦,擦去wipeoff抹掉，擦掉?wipeup擦干净，歼灭Thestudentsondutytheblackboardduringbreak.A.Wipedthewordsoff B.washedC.Cleaned D.AandCcleantheblackboardwipethewordsofftheblackboardremindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todosthremindsb.that…1)他提醒我刃B个承诺。Heremindedmeofmypromise.2)他提醒我要早起。Heremindedmetogetupearly.3)他提醒我本应该小心点。 HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...setoff:动身，出发；(侧重去某一个地方)；使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸；TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.相关短语：setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth着手(做某事)用custom,practice和habitIhavetheofgettingupearly.ItisthefortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.Socialdifferfromcountrytocountry.Hemakesaofcheatingatexaminations.Weshouldpaywhenweimportfromabroad.#.custom指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。#.practice习俗，惯例；与custom近义，但含贬义。makeapracticeof惯常做某事。#.habit生活习惯，后接ofdoing,不可接不定式。选词填空：worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepongsword/holdone'sbreath/setoff/remind…of…Youshouldn'ttellsuchlies.Theyenteredtheareawithout.Thepoormanis. hissorrows.Hisfameis.Themanshouldtoyouforknockingyoudown.HecanLthimselffornotseeinghismotherbeforeshedied.Heisalwayswaitingforsomethingto.Thechildrenarefireworksinthegarden.Youmaydependonwhathesays,forheisapersonwhoalways.Theracewassoclosethateveryonewasatthefinish.ThefilmhimwhathehadseeninChina.选用下列单词的正确形式填空：ancestorbeliefgatheragriculturaladmireawardstarvemeanShehasbeenaascholarshiptostudyatHarvard.TheaofwhomIamproudestismygreatgrandfather.Whenaboyleavescollegeandbeginstoearnmoney,hecanlivealifeofi.Darkcloudswereginthesky.Heavyrainwouldcomesoon.Iliketotakesomeeexerciseatweekends.Ainthiscountryhasdevelopedgreatlyafterliberation.用下列短语造句：inmemoryof dressup asif playatrickonlookforwardto dayandnighthavefunwithAcelebrationwasheld（为了纪念这位着名的作家）.Childrenloveg丁扮）.Thenaughtystudents5（在和他们的老师玩恶作剧）.Iam盼望着见到他）.Thethreementookturnsdrivingthetruck,and 他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天）.Itlooksaf像他们都很着急）.AttheSpringFestivalinChina,peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkand 彼此都玩得很开心）.语法：情态动词情态助动词有十三个：may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如 can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3）情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。can,could和beableto的用法,beableto都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物，beableto的主语是人Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.只用于现在式和过去式（could）。beableto可以用于各种时态。Wellbeabletfinishtheworksoon.Ihaven'tbeenableseethefilm.could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecouldn't/wasn'tacaectothebus.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereabletq不能用could。HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired.不表示时态，表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。CouldIhavealookatyournotebookYes,youcan./No,youcan't..表示“惊异，怀疑，不相信”的态度（主要用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中）CanthisnewsbetrueHowcanyoubesofoolishItcan'bteMary.Shehasfallenill..表示推测，译为“可能、或许"，can常用于否定句（意思是”不可能已经。和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外，还可用于肯定句（意思是“那时可能；本来可以"）。Lindadidn'tcatchthetrain.Shedhavecaughtit.Don'tworry.Theycouldhavejustforgottentophone.may和mightmay和might用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求，肯定回答用may,否定用mustn't---MayIuseyourpencil---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn'.tmay和might表示“可能性”，may/might+v指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小Shemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow.3对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用 may/mighthavedone用might比用may的可能性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone.放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!_MayGodblessyou!W川禾口would和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称IfyouwilLhelpmewithmyEnglish,IwilLbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest..在疑问句中，will用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意见，would则语气更委婉WillyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesbackWouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowlyshall,should和oughtto用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。YoushalldoasIsay.（命令）Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.（允诺）Nothingshallstopmedoingit.（决心）.在疑问句中，用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。ShallIopenthewindowforyou（征求意见）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou（请求）.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用 should代替oughtto。Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.oughttohavedoneg示责需或批评，意为“本应该做到•一但没有做到•…”川于否定则表示“本不该…但"oughtto的语气更强烈.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn'thavelefthoutsayingaword.must_和haveto用于一般问句中，肯定回答用must否定式用needn'或don'tnaveto,做“不必”，mustn'表示"禁止，不允许”—MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime—Yes,youmust.No.youneedn't.Youmustn'getdownwhilethecarisstillmoving.2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。Idon'tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.表示对某人某事的猜测，作“准是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedoneYoumus