2013届高考英语二轮专题总复习 精选综合能力专练 阅读理解16

PAGEPAGE92013届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解16THURSDAY,July9(HealthDayNews)—Anewstudythatfoundthatalowercaloriedietslowedtheagingprocessinmonkeyscouldbethebestproofyetthatrestricteddietsmightdothesameforhumans.“Thebigquestioninagingresearchis,‘Willcaloricrestrictioninspeciescloselyrelatedtohumansslowaging？’”saidRichardWeindruch,seniorauthorofapaperappearingintheJuly10issueofScience.Thisisthefirstcleardemonstrationthat,inaprimatespecies,we’reinducingaslowdownoftheagingprocess—showingincreasedsurvival,resistancetodisease,lessbrainatrophyandlessmuscleloss.“Thispredictshumanswouldrespondsimilarly，”addedWeindruch,professorofmedicineattheUniversityofWisconsinandaninvestigatorattheVeteransHospitalinMadison.Anotherexpertnotedthat,despitesomehighlypublicizedstudiesincertainspecies,thelinkbetweenrestrictedeatingandlongerlifespanhasbeenfarfromproven.“Theideathatdietaryrestrictionextendslifespaninallspeciesisnottrue.Manystrainsofratsandmicedonotrespond.Insomestrains,it’sactuallydeleterious，”explainedFelipeSierra,directorofthebiologyofagingprogramattheUSNationalInstituteonAging(NIA),whichsupportedthenewstudy.“Thefactthatitdoesn’tworkinsomemicebutitdoesseemtoworkinmonkeysissurprisinganditgivesushope.”Butthere’salargerquestion:howtochangehumans’increasinglylaxeatinghabits.“This_finding_doesn’t_give_me_hope_that_humans_are_going_to_go_into_dietary_restriction，”addedMarianneGrant,aregistereddietitianatTexasA&MHealthScienceCenterCoastalBendHealthEducationCenterinCorpusChristi.[语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道，研究人员通过对动物的研究证明低热量的饮食可能会延长人的寿命。1．Theunderlinedword“restricted”means“________”．A.limited B.satisfiedC.reserved D.fascinated[解析]词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，低热量的饮食可以延长猴子的寿命，这一试验证明有节制的饮食可能同样会延长人的寿命。[答案]A2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWeindruchistrue?A.Thisexperimentindicatesrestricteddietscouldextendhumans’lifespan.B.Adequatesleepisanotherwaytoreducethespeedofagingprocess.C.Theexperimentwasafailureinsomespeciessuchasmice.D.Theexperimentwhichhadbeentestedonhumansgotagreatsuccess.[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知答案为A。[答案]A3．AccordingtoFelipeSierra’sidea,weknowthat________.A.therestricteddietsexperimentreallyhadnodistincteffectonratsandmiceB.humansarefindingnewwaystoslowdowntheagingprocessofallthespeciesC.theexperimentisunnecessarytobecarriedonbecauseoftheresponseofthemiceD.theexperimentconfirmedthatrestricteddietsextendlifespaninallspecies[解析]细节理解题。从第四段的第二句“Manystrainsofratsandmicedonotrespond.”可知答案。[答案]A4．Itcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentencethat________.A.theresultoftheexperimentshowsthathumansarenotpiggingoutnowadaysB.nowadayshumansareturningunhealthydietsintolowercaloriedietsC.howtochangehumans’carelesseatinghabitsisalongwaytogoD.theexperimentchangedhumans’increasinglycarelesseatinghabits[解析]细节理解题。由画线句子可知人们目前并没有进入到控制饮食的状态中，也就是说要改变人们漫不经心的饮食习惯还有很长的路要走。[答案]C5．Theauthormostlikelywrotethistextto________.A.comparethetwoexperimentsonratsandmonkeysB.illustratethedatafromtheresearchC.callonpeopletopayattentiontotheirdailydietsD.introducealivelydebatetoamusethereader[解析]写作目的题。作者的目的是通过介绍试验”低热量的饮食可能会延长人的寿命”，呼吁人们注意控制饮食。[答案]C[长难句解读]Anotherexpertnotedthat,despitesomehighlypublicizedstudiesincertainspecies,thelinkbetweenrestrictedeatingandlongerlifespanhasbeenfarfromproven.本句的主句为Anotherexpertnotedthat，其中that引导的是一个宾语从句。从句用despite表示让步关系，后面的farfromproven意为”远没有得到证明”。Thetreadlepumpisbasedonadesigndevelopedinthe1970sbyNorwegianengineerGunnarBarnes.Itcanbemadelocally.Thetreadlepumpiseasytobuildfrombambooorotherwoodandtwometalcylinders(圆筒)withpistons(活塞).Thepistonsgoupanddownasapersonstandsonleverdevices—treadles—andusesanaturalwalkingmotion.Howmanyhoursadaythepumpneedstobeoperateddependsontheseasonandhowmuchwaterisneededforcrops.Itcouldbetwohoursaday.Itcouldbesevenhoursaday.Smallchildrensometimesstandwiththeirparentsonthetreadles.Everyoneinthefamilycantaketurnsoperatingthepump.TheAcumenFundisanonprofitgroupthatinvestsinbusinessprojectstofightpoverty.ItstudiedtheeffectsoftreadlepumpsintheIndianstateofUttarPradesh.UttarPradeshhasthreetreadlepumpmanufacturersandmorethanseventythreethousandpumps.Acumenreportedthatfamiliesusingthematemorevegetables,becausetheywereabletogrowmoretoeatandtosell.Manyofthesefamiliesalsodrankmoremilk,becausetheyboughtacowwiththeiraddedearnings.Menwithtreadlepumpsoftennolongerhavetoleavethefarmtoseekextraworkincities.Thepumpcanalsoimproveeducation.Farmersoftenusetheirextraearningstobuybooksfortheirchildrenortopayforschooling.AfarmerinZambiasaidhehopedtohaveenoughmoneyinthreeyearstobuyadieselpoweredpump(柴油泵).Thenhecouldgrowmorecropsoveralargerarea.Buttheworldeconomiccrisishashadaneffectonsomefarmers.IDEexecutivedirectorZeniaTatasayssomewhowereabletobuydieselpumpsnowdonothaveenoughmoneytobuyfuel.Sotheyareusingtheirtreadlepumpsagain.[语篇解读]脚踏泵因其简单、易行、实用之特点，正在世界的广大贫困地区被推广，以帮助农民脱贫致富，且已取得了显著的效果。1．Thetreadlepump________.A.isinventedbyanAmericanengineerB.ismainlymadeofmetalC.consistsoftwocylinderswithpistonsD.consistsoftwocylinderswithanengine[解析]事实细节题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为C。[答案]C2．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusaboutthetreadlepumpinthesecondparagraph?A.Itshistory.B.Itsworkingprinciple.C.Itsstructure.D.Itsusageandeffects.[解析]作者意图题。A和D显然不对，C有一定干扰性，但其不能概括第二句，介绍工作原理时，一般要同时介绍其结构，故选B。[答案]B3．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.itiseasytolearnhowtooperatethetreadlepumpB.itisdifficulttobuildatreadlepumpC.thetreadlepumpisusedmoreinwinterthaninsummerD.operatingthetreadlepumpcankeepfit[解析]推理判断题。B和C与文中内容相悖，可排除。易错选D，但文中没有依据，无法推知。根据第四段，小孩也可帮忙，家庭中每个人都可参与，可推知A为答案。[答案]A4．EachtreadlepumpmanufacturerintheIndianstateofUttarPradeshhasproducedonaverageabout________.A.18,000pumps B.24,000pumpsC.37,000pumps D.73,000pumps[解析]数据推算题。根据第五段第三句可知，该州共三家生产商，共有七万三千多架脚踏泵，平均每家生产两万四千架左右，故选B。[答案]B5．WhydoesthefarmerinZambiahopetobuyadieselpoweredpump?A.Becausehewantstogrowcropsonalargerscale.B.Becausehehatestoleavethefarmtoseekfortuneincities.C.Becauseadieselpoweredpumpischeaperthanbefore.D.Becauseoilismuchcheaperthanbefore.[解析]事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知答案。[答案]A[长难句解读]IDEexecutivedirectorZeniaTatasayssomewhowereabletobuydieselpumpsnowdonothaveenoughmoneytobuyfuel.该句为双重复合句。主句主语为IDEexecutivedirectorZeniaTata，谓语为says，后面为省略了that的宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干部分为somedonothaveenouehmoneytobuyfuel，whowereabletobuydieselpumps为定语从句，修饰主语some。Itwasneardusk,andKimCooperandherhusband,Steve,weretruckingthroughnorthernKentuckytransportationautopartsfromLouisvilletoDetroitforagoodscompany.“Steve,wakeup！”sheshouted.“There’satruckonfire！”Insidetheburningtruck,RonnieSanders,38,wasfightingforhislife.He’dbeenrunningaheavyloadoftractorsandforkliftsfromGeorgiatoIndianapoliswhenavaninfrontofhimstoppedsuddenlyintrafficontheicyroad.AsRonnieboredown,hecouldseechildreninthebackseat.Thetruck’sbulkwouldprobablyprotecthimfromtheworstoftheimpact,buttheforceof23tonswouldlikelycrush(压碎)everyoneinsidethevan.“Ifiguredinsteadofkillingotherpeople,I’djustputthetruckintheditch.”Atthebottom,rockscutafueltank,whichcaughtfire.AtreebranchdestroyedthewindshieldandknockedRonnieunconscious.Hecametolifeacoupleofminuteslatertofindthecabinflamesandhislegsonfire.StevedashedtoRonnie,whowashangingheadfirstfromthepassengerdoor.Ronniehadusedhispocketknifetocuthimselffreefromthedriver’ssideseatbeltonlytogethisboottrappedinanotherone.Steveclimbedintotheburningcabtofreehim.HetriedthreetimestopullRonnieoutbeforefinallyfreeinghim.ButRonnie’slegswerestillburning,soStevelaidhimontheground,rippedoffhisownshirt,andbeattheflameswithit.He’dmanagedtodraghimabout20yardswhenoneofthetruck’s150gallonfueltanksexploded.BothSteveandRonniepaidapriceforriskingtheirlivesforstrangers.Ronniespenttwomonthsinthehospitalandreceivedskingraftsonbothofhislegs.Stevesufferedsmokebreathingandminorburns,andshrapnelfromthefueltankexplosionbrokeatooth.InFebruary,theCoopersreceivedaHerooftheHighwayawardfromtheOpenRoadFoundationforrescuinganinjureddriver.SteveinsistsRonnieistherealhero:“Ifhehadn’tgoneintotheditch,hewouldhavehitthatvan.Itwashisdecisiontodriveofftheroad.”“Ifeelprettygoodaboutit，”saysRonnie.“Alotofpeoplecouldhavebeenhurt.”解读：本文为记叙文，主要讲述了theCoopers途中遇到Ronnie开的大卡车着火了；Ronnie为了不造成更大的伤害，不顾自身的安危，将卡车开进水沟里，而Steve则竭尽全力救助Ronnie。1.Accordingtothepassage,Ronnie’sputtingthetruckintheditchcontributesto________.A.hisconcernforhisownsafetyB.hispoordrivingskillC.theicyroadD.hisconcernforothers’lives[解析]细节推断题。由文章的第三段第一句话“Ifiguredinsteadofkillingotherpeople，I’djustputthetruckintheditch.”可推断出。[答案]D2.WhatprobablymadeRonniecometolifeafterdrivingthetruckintheditch?A.Thenoisefromthehighway.B.ThecallfromtheCoopers.C.Thepainfromtheburninglegs.D.Theheatofthefire.[解析]细节推断题。根据文章的第三段最后一句话Hecametolifeacoupleofminuteslatertofindthecabinflamesandhislegsonfire.利用排除法。[答案]C3.HowdidSteveputouttheflamesinRonnie’slegs?A.HebeattheflameswithRonnie’sshirt.B.Hebeattheflameswithhisownshirt.C.Heputoutthefirewithatankofwater.D.Heputoutthefirewithabagofsand.[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句话，Steve撕下自己的衬衫，用它来扑灭(Ronnie双腿上的)火焰。[答案]B4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrapnel”inParagraph6mean?A.Abranchofatree.B.Asmallpieceofmetal.C.Awaveoftheexplosion.D.Theheatoftheexplosion.[解析]词义猜测题。根据下文shrapnelfromthefueltankexplosionbrokeatooth可知是“油箱爆炸产生的金属片打碎了一颗牙”。[答案]B5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.Heroes:TheCoopersB.Heroes:RoadsideFlamesC.AccidentsontheIcyRoadD.AccidentsintheDitch[解析]确定文章标题。综观全文，A，C，D三项不够全面；而B项即表明事故，也表明了事故中竭力营救他人的英雄。[答案]BAstronautsaboardthespacestationCelebratedaspacefirstonWednesdaybydrinkingwaterthathadbeenrecycledfromtheirurineandsweatandwaterthatcondensesfromexhaledair.Theysaid“cheers”，clickeddrinkingbagsandtoastedNASAworkersonthegroundwhoweresippingtheirownversionofrecycleddrinkingwater.TherecyclingsystemisneededforastronautstationsonthemoonandMars.ItalsowillsaveNASAmoneybecauseitwon’thavetoshipupasmuchwatertothestationbyspaceshuttleorcargorockets.Besides,it’simportantasthespacestationisabouttoexpandfromthreepeoplelivingonboardtosix.TherecyclingsystemhadbeenbroughtuptothespacestationlastNovemberbyspaceshuttleEndeavour,butitcouldn’tbeuseduntilsamplesweretestedbackonEarth.Sowhenitcametimetoactuallydrinkup,NASAmadeabigdealofit.Thethreemancrewstood,holdingtheirdrinksandcongratulatedengineersintwoNASAcentersthatworkedonthesystem.“Thisissomethingthathadbeenthestuffofsciencefiction，”Barrattsaidbeforetakingasmallmouthful.“Thetasteisworthtrying.”NASAdeputyspaceshuttlemanagerLeRoyCaincalledit“ahugemilestone”．Thenewsystemtakesthecombinedurineofthecrewfromthetoilet,movesittoabigtank,wherethewaterisboiledoff,andthevaporiscollected.Therestoftheurineisthrownaway.Thewatervaporismixedwithwaterfromaircondensation,andthenitgoesthroughfilters.Whensixcrewmembersareaboarditcanmakeaboutsixgallonsfromurineinaboutsixhours.“Somepeoplemayfindtheideaofdrinkingrecycledurinedistasteful,butitisalsodoneonEarthwithalotlongertimebetweenurineandthetap”saidMarybethEdeen,thespacestation’snationallabmanager.ThetechnologyNASAdevelopedforthissystemhasalreadybeenusedforquickwaterpurificationafterthe2004Asiantsunami,Edeensaid.“Wearehappytohavethiswaterworkthroughthesystem—we’rehappytohaveitworkthroughoursystems，”Barrattsaid.[语篇解读]本文讲的是国际空间站宇航员试饮尿液循环水。1．Accordingtothetext,therecyclingsystemisimportantbecause________.A.itmakestravelingtothemoonforthecommonpersonpossibleB.withitNASAwon’tneedtoshipanywateruptothespacestationC.itcanhelptomeettheneedformorewaterafterthecrewareexpandedD.itprotectstheenvironmentinspacebyreducingtheamountofwaste[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it’simportantasthespacestationisabouttoexpandfromthreepeoplelivingonboardtosix”可知C项正确。[答案]C2．WhatistheRIGHTtimeorderofthefollowingevents?a.ThesamplesoftherecycledwaterweretestedonEarth.b.Astronautscelebratedthespacefirstofmakingwaterfromurine.c.Therecyclingsystemwasbroughtuptothespacestation.d.Thetechnologyforthesystemwasusedtoquicklypurifywater.A.a，d，c，b B.a，c，b，dC.d，a，c，b D.d，c，a，b[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“ThetechnologyNASAdevelopedforthissystemhasalreadybeenusedforquickwaterpurificationafterthe2004Asiantsunami”可知d发生最早。根