高考英语考点 14关系代词

考点十关系代词常见关系代词的基本用法that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时,相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）who,whom,whose（1）who:主格,在从句中作主语，只可指人（2）whom:宾格，在从句中只能作宾语;只可指人（3）whose:表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的（4）whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhich（某物的）=he+n.+ofwhom（某人的）关系代词作介词宾语（在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用whom；表物用which）关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末。）asas引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语（1）如为限制性的，多用于thesame...as;thesameas（与相同）；such...as...（如此,这样）；asmany/muchas（和一样多）；so/as...as（与一样）等结构中。如：（2）如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为＂正如，这一点＂。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth置于句首，句中或句尾，译为＂正如，这一点＂。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作宾语）众所周知，吸烟有害健康。1.（2016・北京卷•单项填空）Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which（2016・浙江卷•单项填空）Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofhasbeenproved.A.whomB.whichC.whatA.whomB.whichC.whatD.that（山东卷•单项填空）Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why（2018・天津卷•单项填空）Kae,sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选Co才高考真题详解（2018・新课标卷L语法填空）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutes.【答案】which或that【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处astudy是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或whicho（2018・新课标卷IL语法填空）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstarted（start）asoil-testingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.【答案】which或that【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that'which，故填that或者which.（2017・新课标卷IIL短文改错）Aroundmeinpicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.【答案】theyfthat/which【解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者whicho¥高考考型■练一单句语法填空Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.Careofthesoulisagradualprocessineventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.Thatevening,Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slong-helddreamscometrue.二单项选择填空(2017・北京卷•单项填空)Thelittleproblems___wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when(2016・北京卷•单项填空)Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which—HaveyouheardanynewsaboutSarah?—Yes,shewaspromotedtopresidentofhercompany,surprisedeveryone.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.itThereisnosuccesswithouthardwork;successissomethingisonlyearnedaftermuchlabor.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.不填Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when三短文语法填空【浙江省温州市2017届高三第二次模拟】Twomenwerewalkingonapathinthemountainwhenitcracked(断裂)belowtheirfeet,56(leave)themstuckatthetopofwhatremained.Whentherescuepartyarrivedonthescene,oneman57(sit)atthetopofthesteepslope(陡坡)whiletheotherwaslyingdownontherockygroundbelow,holdingontohisfriend'sleg.58thetimerescuersarrived,hehadbeenholdingontohisfriendfor45minutes.Thehelicopter,59cametotheirrescue,flewabout100feetabovethetwomen60(avoid)removinganyoftheground.Thetwowerenotonlyonunstableground,butoneofthemwasholdingtheother.61,therescueworkwasverydifficult.Therescueworkershadtobeextremelycarefulasthe62(condition)underfootwerejusttoounpredictable.Oneoftherescueworkerswentdownonthewirefromthehelicopterandmanagedtoquicklysecurearopearoundthe63(low)ofthetwomen,beforeliftinghimtotheaircraft.sameprocedurewasrepeatedforhiswalkingpartner.Thetwowalkersraisedthealarmat11.05amonSundayandwererescuedby12.20pm.ofthemwasinjuredbuttheywereleft“veryshaken”bytheexperience.Bothwalkersweresaidtobeexperiencedandwell-equipped.关系代词引导定语从句从句当中缺成分,关系代词副词选;从句若缺主宾表,that,which,who,whom填;从句当中缺定语,whose一词要补上;代指整句话时要用上。as,which用法较特别,that4■-thatwhich■■iifwho•*whomAwhoseas参考答案高考考点问诊A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。acouple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whosechildren相当于thechildrenofwhom,故选A。B【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。分析句子结构可知，"noneofhasbeenproved"是定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。B【解析】这是一个定语从句，acompany是先行词，profit和acompany是所属关系，所以要用关系代词whose。句意为：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。单句语法填空l.who句意：埃伦是一个专画鸟类和自然风景的画家。由于某种原因，她远离了人类社会。此题考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ellen。因为关系词指人并且在从句中作主语，所以只能用who。which句意：对心灵的关爱是一八渐进的过程，任这个过程中即使最纽徵的生话细节都应该被考蛊任內：■肓負"ff■词十winch"引导的定语从■:光行说为3.gridualprocess：杆先行词弋人迄语从口后为：FventhestirIIdetailsoflifeshouldb?ensideredir.th?prcws：由此可见并至i司在定悟从句中f卩介词血豹宾语，所以，填which。which句意：那晚我工作到很晚，稍后我会告诉你更多关于那晚的事。先行词为thatevening，将先行词代入非限制性定语从句后为：Iwilltellyoumoreaboutthateveninglater.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作about的宾语，且表示"物"，故用which引导。who句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those，将先行词代入非限制性定语从句后为：Thosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示"人"，故用who。which句意:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实□which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。单项选择填空1.A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是thelittleproblems,在从句中作meet的宾语，故选关系代词that。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。2A【解析】考杳定语从何的主各闫“$是主彳亍伺.汶对圭妻的孩子彳別“children和couple是:所Jf关糸:故用whose作定语?whesechildren忙兰于tlicchilcrcuofwhom；故选A>C【解析】考查走语从句。井析句子成廿可知，此处为非眼定性定语从句』连词在从句中作主语,指代前面"泄被谎廿为馳公耳的土席”迖件¥<B【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：没有一样成功不通过艰辛的工作；成功是只有通过大量苦干后才能赚得的东西。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词something，修饰指物的不定代词时，只能用that，不能用which，本题中的连接词在从句中作主语，不能省略。故选B。A【解析】分析句子结构可知，sailorshavetoface是定语从句，修饰先行词themanydangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。因此A选项正确。句意为"在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。"短文语法填词【答案】56.leaving57.w