2014年考研英语二真题及答案

14考研英语二真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without3R9E!u0M&F;R)y'a1X!gSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal22.TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericans[A]criticalwatchingTVis[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyoueareutmoreifulthabnyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecalltheaboveaverageeffectshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothersallobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.,orillusorysuperiorityWerosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwerehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,isanautomatiogicalprocepsysscholoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.delusionIdontthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonalectItionsimspalyreflofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellof,saysEpley.themselvesEpley.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon-enhancingt.beKnselfowingtheresultsofsstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydontevengniserecothepersoninthepictureasenhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-themostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleitnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonet,sayscatalinatomaofWisconMadisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople[A]rapidwatchings______[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirattractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions29.ThewordViscerallyLine2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesText4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalitionsspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector%]/H0e!`)Z"O&c3~!Y9K#C#C6e8P)[)`(h(G*y.t8p.n+ASectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthatsperpetuallyhalffall.Butthatrecommend.sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldnHealthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.-Shahar,asaysTalBenHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesnt.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn[page]tmatter.1s1F-^c3^1]-u;X.L!T&A"w3z"c5d5D/n/u#VSectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartB48.Directions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)SectionIUseofEnglish1Bconcluded!j$F(d;f0`&E#c!x(I1^7^_____concludeddenied()doubled()ensured()B,O*c)g&h1b2C#[1\(L2Aprotective(Z-b3@'L$n+|9H/P#E/R_____DangeroussufficienttroublesomeA/n)Ep3_!C/c5t3Clikewise&f6Sc$j;F8G_____AinsteadCB;howeverDthereforelikewiseC,S/qU!T!b*Q3s%Q%?0O4Aindicator__________ABobjective;CoriginDexampleA5Dconcern-S7i$_4s2F$D$P-u_____Aimpact();Brelevance(6);Cassistance();Dconcern()DAintermsof)E0p^0W"B)D#S%z,A9y,______BMIAintermsofBIncaseofDinrespectofCinfavorofABMI7CequalsBMI_____BMIequalAmeasure()Bdetermine;Dmodify()BMI8Cinturn_____Ainessence(9);Bincontrast();Cinturn();Dinpart()C0w9^"t2s9X8EDstraightforward.m0~7x4]3]6R_____Acomplicated(););Bconservative()Cvariable();Dstraightforward(ABBMIDstraightforwardD.P,]'U)J%G+@1D5~7e3n10Bwhile2a*L#m'n"`(?"y%wBMI_____BMI_____BMIBMI_____while11Aso();Bwhile();Csince();Dunless(B)+}$X5s:|.O2K9[Ashape*{1~&C4q"E6]&p)V-LSomearefit,whileothers)inpoormaybeinpoor.fit(Ashape()""""""12Bqualify"";"";"";""7m-P2i$A!@13CnormalBMIAB;D14C()(L5f0g5f9F4U-m'N.I$k*DDtendencytostigmatizeobesity()""""""""D()()9l3{)E8b9`5a"{1516Cpictured,L&P9~)@*ICpicture%m-w/l9y6[Dassociated,tp9uC2F!l!P_____A.;B;C.;D17Aeven'~$a)t&|:@1I$X&d'~-L8q_____Aeven$q*Ui1f8t18Dgrounded____Dgrounded,19Dpolicieshospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,Dpolicies(X-M1B.m#s20Bagainst_____Bagainst,t3M-F.O(V.CSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA:f1q6G$aN2fText1%N+P7k4Q(s(x,`0k'{21experiences22BAspecialtour"^4b&V8G%m9E%k6b!L"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonlikeinterestingtrips"B""Acritical"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit"""A"")P1|$u)t*k;GW23Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure&I%_.z)k1p`#A$}"J/f2f"@McRib"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly"""D.X.|5\$C-a)n$i"r24Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent"B""@"z#w$a8I+u0w7Y25AbalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyAText2)P.^;o-G/I-R6b%S4|"T26Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh4C#Gm0M(u"p8A(|'eO-a"?""70%"[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh2728Cintuitiveresponse"?"""[C]intuitiveresponseBbelieveintheirattractiveness"Epley""[B]believeintheirattractiveness29[A]instinctively%x,q5U;^+J5k:P6B5t"viscerally?"viscerally""facebook"viscerally""[A]instinctively30[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides"(facebook)?""(facebook)"""[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesText4I1u;I"`"i8X36[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactorshousingsectorbutthemostsignificantBpoliticalfactorsApoliticallychargedBinvolvescertainpoliticalfactorsshouldertheblameDC8L:z2]:y/a;A,V/R0x837[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases*w5Q'a'T)O&P#v2v'C9FItneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Sufferedhistorybiasesprejudices/\+?.|$M+t7`'[38[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousingGeorgeOsborne7|$V&f1^2Q%x/U3]60,000A()B()C()D()(P6U-R$^/s:r39[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopmentsAB"""""""""B""""fundnewdevelopments";Csignificantimpact("contributeto"()havea)7Q6|*m:X,a4[40[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector2015A""BCrenewD"P7Q1Q.L+A.A+PSectionIIITranslation46'q4Y5H*H9M"S!I)h4|9U;d(g2u*C/MTalBen-Shahar""Ben-ShaharBen-Shahar)o"f&M,E6d)ZSectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:7i/M8T;P&I$t"^SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent,writehimanemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and+l5}&A!P4R5]2)askforadviceaboutlivingthereDearJohn,IamLiMing,yourfutureroommateanda