上海高三英语2021宝山二模习题及答案

2020-2021学年上海市宝山区第二学期期中

高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard..A.Sheisverycrazyaboutwhatsheeats.C.SheofteneatsinaFrenchRestaurant..A.Heknowshisownlimitations.Heisratherdisappointed.SheistiredofthefoodinthecanteenD.SheusuallytakesasnackintheKFCB.Hecan,tfaceuptothesituation.Heishighlyambitious.A.Themantriestoleaveagoodimpression.Themanshouldbuyhimselfanewsuit.Theman,sjeansandT-shirtsarestylish.Themancandresscasuallyfortheoccasion.A.Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingtheelephants.HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial.HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.A.Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaproperplace.Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory.Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.A.Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.Hehasdifficultyinunderstandingthebook.Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.A.Hehasdifficultyfinishinghisproject.Hehasdifficultyinunderstandingthebook.Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.A.Hehasdifficultyfinishinghisproject.C.Heisactuallyveryhardworking.A.Gototheparktoenjoytheflowers.C.Buysomerosesfromthemarket.A.Heshaveseveryotherday.C.Heisashamedofhispresentcondition.A.Thepaintingwascompletedjustintime.Thebuildingwon,topenuntilnextweek.B.Heseldomtellsthetruthabouthimself.Heneedstospendmoretimeinthelab.B.Planttreesintheeastendoftown.D.Findashortcuttothepark.B.Hechangesjobfrequently.D.Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.B.Hisartisticworkhasbeenwellreceived.D.Heneedsanotherweekforthepainting.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Shegaveawayaround75percentofherclothes.Shegotridofover16percentofherfurniture.Shespenttimeandtriedtofinddailyresources.Shemissedthethingsthatshethrewaway.B.Keeponlytheitemsyouneed.D.Breakthebadhabitoflittering.B.Keeponlytheitemsyouneed.D.Breakthebadhabitoflittering.B.Savingtheextramoney.D.Livingwithless.C.Buythingsthatarebadlyneeded.A.Enjoyingmorefreetime.C.Shiftingyourvalues.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Changeshappeneveryday. B.Changesbenefitourfuture.C.Changescanupsetourday. D.Changesarecompletelynatural.A.Opposingchange. B.Beingflexible.C.Discoveringtechnology. D.Findingnewjobs.A.Thechangemayturnouttobethebestthingforyou.Thechangemayendupbeingworsethaneverbefore.Thechangemayhelpyoumakemorefriendsinfuture.Thechangemaybringaboutasuccessorafailure.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Sheshouldlearntomakehamburgersorcutgrass.Theywillpayforeverythingsheneedsduringuniversity.Shewon,tbeabletoattenduniversityunlessshedoessummerjobs.Asummerjobcanprovideworkingexperienceandimportantskills.A.Hewillbetoobusytolearnothercourses.Hisparentswanthimtogettopgrades.Hethinksthere,snothingwrongwithjobs.Hisparentsallowhimtopayonhisown.A.Bothofthemhavedecidedtolookforsummerjobs.Gettingintouchwitheachotherafterthissummer.Summerjobscanteachthemtotakeresponsibility.Comparingfutureoutcomesofdoingandnotdoingsummerjobs.A.Summerplansandfutureearnings. B.Attendinguniversityafterhighschool.C.Summercoursesandfuturecareers. D.Universityeducationandfuturecareers.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whoisresponsibleforchildhoodobesity肥胖)？It,slunchtimeandsixth-graderOscarVillanovavisitsthevending售卖)machine.Hepaysforanorangejuiceandsomecheesesticks,(21)hereallywantedsodaandchips.Hisschool,MildredAvenue,onlysellsschoollunchandhealthysnacks.Seventh-graderLeticiaBrown(22)(tell)byherdoctorthatsheneedstoloseweight.Herdoctorsaysexercisewillhelphercontrolherweightbutatschoolsheonlygetsphysicaleducationonceaweek.Manychildrensufferfromhealthconditions(23)arecausedormadeworsebytheirlifestyles.Childhoodobesityhasmorethandoubledinchildrenandfourtimesinadolescentsinthepast30years.Moreover,ratesofchildhooddiabetes(糖尿病)(24)(rise).Theseconditionscanputchildren(25)riskforheartdiseaseandothermajorkillerslaterinlife.Thesehealthissuesarecomplexproblemswithmanydifferentcauses.Eatingmealsout,watchinglotsofTV,andnotbeingactiveafterschoolcancausetoomuchweightgain.Buttherearemanythingschildrencando(26)(improve)theirhealth.Doctorssaytheprimaryfocusforchildren(27)beeatinghealthyfoodandgettingexerciseeveryday.Schoolsaregetting(28)(involve)insolvingtheproblem.Some,likeMildredAvenue,restrictthesnacksstudentscanbuy.(29)areofferingmoregymclassestoemphasizetheimportanceofexercise.Someschoolsevensendhomehealthnoticeswarningparentsthattheirchildmaybeoverweight.Theseschoolsbelieveparentsshouldbeactingmoreresponsiblybyrestrictingchildren,sdiets.Manyparentsgetangry,(30)(argue)thatschoolsshouldlimittheirfocustoteaching.Theybelievethattheyhaveprimaryresponsibilityfortheirchildren,shealth.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.uncomfortableB.criticallyC.balanceD.nonsenseE.temptationF.respondingG.effectivelyH.practiceI.demandsJ.reasoningK.deliveringEmbracetheruleofawkwardsilenceTheruleofawkwardsilenceissimple:Whenfacedwithachallengingquestion,insteadofanswering,pauseandthinkdeeplyabouthowyouwanttoanswer.Thisisnoshortpause;rather,itinvolvestakingseveralseconds(10,20orlonger)tothinkthingsthroughbefore__31__.AtApple,TimCookhasengagedinthe__32__foryears.Backin2008,aFortunearticlesaidthatinmeetings,Cookwas“knownforlong,__33__pauses,whenallyouhearisthesoundofhistearingthewrapperoftheenergybarsheconstantlyeats.”Cookisn,taloneinembracingtheruleofawkwardsilence.SteveJobsoncetookalmost20secondstorespondtoapersonalattack,__34__aperfectresponse.Theruleofawkwardsilencehasalwaysbeenvaluableasatoolofemotionalintelligencebecauseitallowsyouto__35__thoughtandemotioninsteadofsimplyreactingbasedonfeeling.Whytheruleofawkwardsilenceismorevaluablethanever.Weliveinaworldthat__36__instantsatisfaction.Emailsshouldbeansweredonthesameday.Textmessagesshouldbeansweredrightnow.Butthere,samajorproblemwithallofthisimmediatecommunication:Itdoesn,tleavetimetothink.Asin,think__37__.Criticalthinkingcallsfordeepandcarefulconsiderationofasubject.Itinvolvesweighingandanalyzingfacts,andcareful__38__.Anditresultsinmakinginsightfulconnections.Noneofthisispossiblewithouttime.Andtimehasbecomethebiggestluxuryontheplanet.Butwhenyouembracetheruleofawkwardsilence,youstealbacktime.Timethatusedtobewastedon__39answers.thenexttimesomeoneasksyouachallengingquestion,orevenwhatseemsonthesurfacetobeasimpleone,resistthe__40__torespondwiththefirstthingthatcomestomind.Instead,embracetheruleofawkwardsilence,andthinkbeforeyouspeak.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Fearisanaturalandvaluableemotion.Ithasgreatsurvivalvalueforhumanbeings,__41__ustofightforsurvivalorrunawayquicklyfromathreat.Buttoomuchfearintheformofchronic（慢性的）anxietyisincredibly__42__andweakening.Anxietyisprolongedfearthatpersistsinthe__43__ofarealthreat:afterathreatisover,duringsituationsthataren'tactuallyverydangerous,orbeforea/an__44__threatinthefuture.Whenanxietybecomeschronicand__45__yourlife,ittransformsintoananxietydisorder.Researchconsistentlyshowsthatcognitive;认知的）behavioraltherapy（CBT）isthemost__46__anxietytreatment.Itworksbetterthandrugs,psychoanalysis,andalltheotherwayswehavetriedtotreat__47__overtheyears.Broadlyspeaking,twoCBTapproachesfortreatinganxietyhave__48__:copingandexposure.Copingischanginghowyouthink,evaluatingthreatsmoreaccurately,andbuildingconfidenceinyourabilityto__49__athreatsothatyouaregraduallylessafraid.Exposureis__50__experiencingwhatyouareafraidof,provingyourterriblepredictionsofdisastertobefalse,untilyourfearnaturallydiesdown.Themostrecentdatashowthatbothapproacheshelp,butexposurecanworkfasterand__51__larger,longer-lastingreductionsinanxiety.Ifyousufferfromanxiety,youcanapplythelatestandmosteffectiveprocedureforexposure,calledrestrictivelearning.Itwas__52__byateamoftherapistsandresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsin2014.Thisspecialexposure__53__willhelpyouovercomeanxietyasrapidlyandcompletelyaspossible.Themosteffectivecoping__54__usedinCBTandrelatedtherapiesincludecopingplanning,cognitiveflexibility,anddistresstolerance.Theyareresearch-tested,__55__effectivetechniquesthatwillimproveandstrengthenyouranxietyrecoveryprogram.41.A.persuadingB.rememberingC.expectingD.preparing42.A.jealousB.painfulC.innocentD.conscious43.A.abstractB.existenceC.absenceD.continuation44.A.potentialB.essentialC.availableD.sustainable45.A.instructsB.challengesC.stimulatesD.dominates46.A.effectiveB.objectiveC.invisibleD.significant47.A.pressureB.ignoranceC.anxietyD.depression48.A.describedB.emergedC.protectedD.supervised49.A.overlookB.simplifyC.remarkD.handle50.A.purposefullyB.vigorouslyC.sincerelyD.passionately51.A.breaksthroughB.turnsdownC.resultsinD.worksout52.A.composedB.developedC.predictedD.symbolized53.A.commitmentB.evidenceC.assessmentD.process54.A.strategiesB.behaviorsC.responsesD.examples55.A.naturallyB.probablyC.highlyD.initiallySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Peoplearemotivatedtodoactivitiesbymanydifferentfactors.Formethemainfactorsthatareinvolvedarecompetition,thedesireforachievinggreatness,thesatisfactionofcompletingprojects,andenjoyment.SinceIamatwin,asenseofcompetitionisdeeprootedinmybrain.Healthycompetitioncanpushustodofantasticthings.Itmakesusstriveforacertaingoalandgetsustodothingsfaster.However,Idonotthinkcompetitionshouldbecomeharmful.Whenanger,frustration,anddepressionisaresultofcompetition,itisnothealthy.Yet,competitioncanbringaboutrespect,friendship,andmutualgain.Inthecasewithmytwinbrother,wehavepushedourselvestobegoodatsports,music,school,andevenatwork.Thiscompetitivespirithasleakedintomylifewithoutmytwinaround.Inasense,Ireproducemytwinbrotherinotherpeople.IalwaystrytobenumberoneatwhateverIdo—oratleastinthetopthree.Therearetimesthisattitudebecomesunhealthy,asIgetfrustratedifIgiveeverythingtoacompetitionoractivityandproduceonlyaverageresults.Butastheyearspassed,Ihavegottenbetterathandlingfailureanddefeat.Allinall,IthinkIfinishanddowellinmanyareasofmylifeforthesimplefactthatIwanttodowellinthem.Thefeelingofdoingwellagainstcompetentopponentsissatisfying.Ienjoythefeelingofcompletinganimportantproject.Forinstance,lastyear,Ifinishedapoetrycollectionwithmylatefather,spoemsandmyownpoems.Itwasanhonortohimandhiswork.Inaway,Ifeltthathisdeathwasnotinvainandthathisworkwasprovedevenmorethroughthiscollection.Itishardtodescribethemomentofknowingwhensuchanimportantprojectissettorest:itisalmostlikeyouarereadytodie.Yousensethatachapterofyourlifehasclosedandyouarenowanewperson.Thesedeepemotionsmotivatemetocompleteprojectsonaregularbasis.Thesimplestfactorthatmotivatesmetodosomethingisenjoyment.Therearepeoplewhodoactivitiestheydonotenjoyfordecades.Iamnotoneofthosepeople.IcanworkontasksIdonotlikeforawhile,butintheend,mymainfocusshouldbeonsomethingthatIenjoy.IfIfindjoyindoingacertainwork,Iengageinitforalargepartoftheday,orevenalldaywithouttiring.Tirednessinmostcases,inmylife,isduetoalackofenjoymentintheworkbeingdone.Eachpersonhashisorherownmotivatingfactors.Ihopethisreflectionhasallowedyoutodipdeeperintoyourtruenature.Theauthormentionshistwinbrother(Paragraph1)toshow.A.thepeerofcompetition B.therootcauseofcompetitionC.thecompetentopponent D.thecompetitivepartnerBythepoetrycollection,theauthorintendsto.honorhisfatherandhimselfforyearstocomeB.describethesenseofachapterofhisnewlifeC.allowhisfathertorestandgethimselftoreadytodieD.appreciatethesatisfactionofcompletingprojects58.Whatattitudedoestheauthortaketowardstasks?A.Hefeelsangry,frustratedanddepressedinhistasks.Heenjoysthetasksthatotherpeoplearereluctanttodo.Heworkswithouttirednessifhetakespleasureintasks.Heusuallylacksenjoymentinthetasksbeingdone.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MotivationB.CompetitionC.Reflection D.Satisfaction

(B)TheClassicroadtripismorepopularthanever.Hereareseveralplacestohittheopenroad.(1)Colo-roadTrips(2)TheBeartoothHighway(3)SewardHighway,Alaska(1)Colo-roadTrips(2)TheBeartoothHighway(3)SewardHighway,AlaskaVisitorswhotravelthisextraordinarypathexperiencethevisuallandscapeofMontana,WyomingandYellowstonePark,hometotheAbsarokaandBeartoothmountains.Thewindy,cliff-hugging68-milestretchintroducesroadexplorerstooneofthemostdiverse(多样的)ecosystemsaccessiblebyauto.Amazinglybeautiful,thisAll-AmericanRoaddisplayswidehighlands,paintedwithpatchesoficebluelakes,forestedvalleys,waterfallsandwildlife.TheroadthatconnectsAnchoragetoSewardisa127-miletreasure,includingnaturalbeauty,wildlifeandstoriesofadventureandendurance.Takeadayorseveraltoexploretheregionthathasearnedthree-foldrecognitionasaForestServiceScenicByway,anAlaskanScenicBywayandanAll-AmericanRoad.ThedrivebeginsatthebaseoftheChugachMountains,hugsthescenicshoresofTurnagainArmandwindsthroughminingtowns,nationalforestsandfishingvillagesasyouimaginehowexplorers,furtradersandgoldprospectorsmighthavefaredbackintheday.Expectwaterfalls,glaciers(冰川)，eagles,moose(驼鹿)andsomegoodbearstories.(4)TheLighthouseTrail,MaineTravelthe375milesbetweenKitteryandCalais,Maine,visitinglighthousesalongtheway,andlearnaboutthedangersthatseagoingboatsandtheircrewendurealongtherockyNortheasterncoast.Heartalesofshipwrecks(海难)andofthedifficultandlonelylifeledbythosewhokeptthelightsburningbrightly.Ifpossible,visittheMaineLighthouseMuseum,whereartifactsandhands-onexhibitsforchildrenprovideanattractivebreak.(4)TheLighthouseTrail,MaineWhatisspecialabouteachplacementionedabove?TouristsofColo-roadTripsareprovidedwithadaptableplanoftrip.VisitorstotheBeartoothHighwaycanenjoytheautodisplay.DriversalongSewardHighwaycanappreciatethetreasureunderground.TheLighthouseTrailofferstravelersseagoingboatstorowinthesea.Colo-roadTrips.C.SewardHighway,Alaska.TheBeartoothHighway.Colo-roadTrips.C.SewardHighway,Alaska.TheBeartoothHighway.D.TheLighthouseTrail,Maine.B.AmericanpopularroadtripsB.AmericanpopularroadtripsD.All-AmericanhighwayjourneyThebesttitleforthepassageisA.StoriesofadventurealongroadtripsC.Recognitionforclassicplaces（C）AccordingtoOxfordDictionaries,moralitymeans:“Principlesconcerningthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongorgoodandbadbehavior.”Thoughmoralityisarathersubjectivesubject,therearesomeprinciplesthatareuniversalacrossallculturesfoundbyanOxfordUniversitystudy:“helpyourfamily,helpyourgroup,returnfavors,bebrave,obeysuperiors,divideresourcesfairly,andrespectothers,property”.Thefactthatthesemoralsarefoundacross60culturesfromaroundtheworlddemonstratesthatmorality,thoughsubjective,isthecornerstoneofkeepingoursocietiestogether.Herearesomereasonstobemoral:withoutmorality,asociallifeisalmostimpossibletomaintain;havingagoodreputationandhavingaclearconscienceispsychologicallyhealthy;andmostphilosophiesregardunselfishandprincipledbehaviorasimportant.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmorals,asocietycannotfunctioneffectively.Aconfusedsituationwouldappear.AccordingtotheSocietyofMorality,“Wearesocialanimals,andtheactionswetake-thethingswedoandthethingswedon,tdo-haveconsequencesonourenvironmentsandontheothersaroundus.Asaresult,weneedtobeabletogovernourbehaviorintheneartermsoasnottoinjureourselvesorourcommunityinthelongterm.Thissystemofcontrollingouractionsandourthoughtsinordertooperateinacommunityiswhatweoftenrefertoasmorality”.Thereforeweneedasetofmoralsinordertooperatewithinasocialcircleandasocialenvironment.Actingimmoralusuallyresultsinbeingexcludedfromsocialactivitiesorbeingavoidedbyasocietybasedonlawsandculturalstandards.Besidesactingmoralhavingasociologicalneed,italsohasapsychologicalbasis.Mostpeopleareconcernedtosomeextentabouttheirreputation.AccordingtoPsyPost,“Alotofeconomicmodelsofhumanbehaviorassumethatpeopleareonlyrational（理性的）whentheynarrowlypursuetheirownself-interest,buthistoryshowsusthatpeoplearealsotremendouslyconcernedwithbeingandappearingmoral”.So,thefearofone,sreputationbeingdamagedisoftenastrongmotivatortobemoral.Andifsomeonehasbeenimmoral,mostpeoplegooutoftheirwaytomakesurenoonefindsout,ortocorrectthebehaviorinordertonotbecaught.Thisgoesinlinewithconscienceaswell.Peoplegenerallyfeelinabetterpsychologicalstateiftheyfeelthattheirconscienceisclean.Adirtyconsciencecanresultinalackofsleep,anxiety,internalstress,andevenillness.Onthesideofphilosophy,thestudyofethics（伦理）comesintoplay.Mostphilosophersagreethatoneshouldrationallychooseasetofstandardsofbehaviorinordertofunction.Thoughthereismoralrelativism,thereareuniversalanthropological（人类学的）morals,asmentionedintheintroduction.Bythenatureofoursocietiesandcultures,wechoosewhatwebelieveisrightandwrong.Butsurprising,thisrationalbehaviorcomestoageneralagreementonmorals.So,thereisafinelinebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Butthemainthingtotakeawayfromthisdiscussionisthatphilosophersgenerallybelievethateachindividualhastherighttcrationallycomeupwithasetofethicstoliveby,andthatitishealthytodoso.Theauthordiscussesmorality（Paragraph1）inorderto.explaintherelationshipbetweenmoralityandculturedescribethemoralrulesfoundallaroundtheworldcontrastthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongintroducethedefinition,principlesandreasonsofmorality64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.actingmoralallowsustofitintogroups better B. moralitybringsthesystemofcontrollingbehaviorsactingimmoralweakenslawsand cultural standardsD. Ourcontrolledbehaviors establish sets ofmoralsWhichofthefollowingisthepsychologicalbasisforactingmoral?A.Pursuitofself-interest. B. Acleanconscience.C.Theconcernaboutreputation. D. Adirtyconscience.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?Toreachageneralagreementonmoralsbasedonethics.Tocarveone,sownsenseofethicstooperateinthisworld.Tochoosebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Toexcludephilosophers,beliefsandsolutionsaswell.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TherobotsalsocarriedaniPadthatallowedforremotevideocommunicationwithahealthcareprovider.Upto30percentoftheparticipantsreportedthattheywereconcernedwiththeroboticsystem.ResearchersfromMITandBrighamandWomen,sHospitalrecentlysetouttoanswerthatquestion.Currentlytheprocessrequiresseveralpeopletoperform.However,thequestionstillremainedwhetherpatientswouldbereceptivetothistypeofinteraction.s.Theresultsofthisstudygiveussomeconfidencethatpeoplearereadyandwillingtoengagewithusonthosefronts.TheroboticdoctorwillseeyounowIntheageofsocialdistancing,usingrobotsforsomehealthcareinteractionsisapromisingwaytoreducein-personcontactbetweenhealthcareworkersandsickpatients.However,akeyquestionthatneedstobeansweredishowpatientswillreacttoarobotenteringtheexamroom..InastudyperformedintheemergencydepartmentatBrighamandWomen's,theteamfoundthatalargemajorityofpatientsreportedthatinteractingwithahealthcareproviderviaavideoscreenfixedonarobotwassimilartoanin-personinteractionwithahealthcareworker.“We'reactivelyworkingonrobotsthatcanhelpprovidecaretomaximizethesafetyofboththepatientandthehealthcareworkforce.(68).Inalargeronlinesurveyconductednationwide,wealsofoundthatamajorityofrespondentswereopentohavingrobotsperformminorproceduressuchastakinganoseswab(拭子).“saysGiovanniTraverso,anMITassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineering,andtheseniorauthorofthestudy.AftertheCovid-19pandemicbeganearlylastyear,Traversoandhiscolleaguesturnedtheirattentiontowardnewstrategiestominimizeinteractionsbetweenpotentiallysickpatientsandhealthcareworkers.Tothatend,theyworkedwithBostonDynamicstocreateamobilerobotthatcouldinteractwithpatientsastheywaitedintheemergencydepartment.Therobotswereequippedwithsensorsthatallowthemtomeasurevitalsigns,includingskintemperature,breathingrate,andpulserate.(69).Thestudysuggeststhatitcouldbeworthwhiletotrytodeveloprobotsthatcanperformproceduresthatcurrentlyrequirealotofhumaneffort,suchasturningapatientoverinbed,theresearcherssay.TurningCovid-19patientsontotheirstomachshasbeenshowntoimprovetheirbloodoxygenlevelsandmakebreathingeasier.(70).AdministeringCovid-19testsisanothertaskthatrequiresalotoftimeandeffortfromhealthcareworkers,whocouldbearrangedforothertasksifrobotscouldhelpperformswabs.SummaryWritingDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhatMakesanIdealFriend?Tosaywhatanidealfriendisisnottheeasiestthingtodo.Eachpersonhashisorherownopinionofwhatonewouldbe.However,speakinggenerally,therearecertainfeaturesthatmostpeopleconsidercharacteristicofanidealfriend.Loyal,trustworthy,andopentoshowweaknessarecommonqualitiesthatthemajorityofpeopleattachtoidealfriends.Loyaltyisausualqualitygiventoidealfriends.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,“Loyaltyisvaluedearlyoninallofourrelationships,fromthetimewemakeourfirstfriendships.Weneedfriendswhowon,tspilloursecretstoothers,gossipaboutus,orallowotherstocriticizeus”.Theworstactionbetweenfriendsisnotkeepingone,sword.Idealfriendsarealsousuallyreferredtoasbeingtrustworthy.InastatementbyPsychologyToday,theysaythat,“Trustworthinessisoftenthe“makeorbreak”elementinanyinterpersonalrelationship.Anyunfaithfulaction,regardlessofrecognizeddegree,candestroyarelationship.Trustworthinessconsistsofseveralelements,includinghonesty,dependability,andloyalty,andwhileeachisimportanttosuccessfulrelationships,honestyanddependabilityhavebeenidentifiedasthemostvitalintheareaoffriendships”.Inlightofthis,auniversalcomplaintoffriendsisalackofhonesty,andthisisattheheartofbeingtrustworthy.Inlinewithbeinghonestisalsotheabilitytoshowone,sweaknesses.AccordingtotheBookofLife,“Theidealfrienddoesn,ttrytoprovehowpowerfulandsuccessfultheyare;onthecontrary,quiteoftentheyletusknowawkwardandpotentiallyembarrassingthingsaboutthemselves.Theyshowhowmuchtheytrustusbyconfessingfailingsandsorrowswhichwouldopenthemuptopossibledisgracefromtheworldbeyond.Theyofferusthegiftoftheirdefenselessness”.Thatopennessistreasured,astobeclosetoanindividual,onemustbewillingtoshare