重医七年制儿科学双语试卷

Type[:Singlechoice（1pointforeach,total40points）.Whatisthemostpossiblediagnosisforvisiblejaundice（黄疸）appearingwithin24hourspostnatal?neonatalpneumonia B.neonatalhemolyticdiseaseneonatalsepsis D.congenitalbiliaryatresia（胆道闭锁）E.breastmilkjaundiceWhatarethemostcommonpathogensofneonatalsepsis（败血症）incurrentChina?groupBstreptococcus（B群链球菌），staphylococcusepidermidis（表皮葡萄球菌）staphylococcus（葡萄球菌），colonbacillus（大肠杆菌）staphylococcusepidermidis（表皮葡萄球菌），Klebsiellapneumonia（克雷伯杆菌）Pseudomonasaeruginosa（绿脓杆菌），Acinetobacter（不动杆菌）Bacteroidesfragilis（脆弱类杆菌），Clostridiumagni（产气荚膜杆菌）Whatisthefundamentalelementinpathogenesisofneonatalhypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy（HIE）?hemodynamicchangeofbrain（脑血流改变）hypoxia（缺氧）injuriescausedbyoxygenfreeradical（氧自由基损伤）dysfunctionofcalciumchannel（钙通道功能异常）toxicityofexcitoryneurotransmitters（兴奋性氨基酸中毒）WhatkindofantibioticsshouldbeusedtotreatMycoplasmapneumonia（支原体肺炎）？Penicillin; B.Clindamycin（克林霉素）；C.Vancomycin（万古霉素）；D.Macrolides（大环内酯类）；E.Cephalosporin（头孢菌素类）Whatisthemostcommonpathogenofbronchiolitis（毛细支气管炎）？Mycoplasmapneumoniae（肺炎支原体）；Staphycoccalaureus（金黄色葡萄球菌）；C.RSV（呼吸道合胞病毒）;Adenovirus（腺病毒）；Parainfluenza（副流感病毒）Whatkindofpneumoniaispronetobecomplicatedempyema（脓胸）？Mycoplasmapneumonia（肺炎支原体）；Staphycoccalaureuspneumonia（金黄色葡萄球菌）；Bronchiolitis;D．Adenoviruspneumonia；E.Chlamydialpneumonia（肺炎衣原体）.Themostcommonbacteriaresultinbronchopneumoniais:Mycoplasmapneumoniae（肺炎支原体）；Staphycoccalaurus（金黄色葡萄球菌）；Haemphilusinfluenzae（流感嗜血杆菌）；Chlamydial（衣原体）；Streptococcuspneumoniae（肺炎链球菌）AtypicalPneumoniashouldbediagnosedby:Bloodgasanalysis B.Completebloodcell C.ChestX-rayBloodculture E.Sputumtest.Pointoutthemostreliabledurationofantibiotictherapyfromfollowingchoicestotreatbacterialmeningitiseffectivelyforapatientsufferingfrombacterialmeningitiswithoutadefinitepathogen：A.1week； B.10〜14days； C.2〜3weeks；3〜4weeks； E.4〜6weeks.Statusepilepticus（惊厥持续状态）isdefinedasaseizureorrepeatedseizureswithoutareturntonormalinbetweenthemthatlastsmorethan：30minutes B.20minutes C.15minutesD.10minutes E.5minutes11．Themostcommoncauseofacuteconvulsioninchildhoodis：CNSinfection:Meningitis（脑膜炎）orencephalitis（脑炎）Febrileconvulsions（热性惊厥） C.HeadtraumaD.CNSmalformations（畸形） E.BraintumorsWhichoneisthefirstchoiceforseizurecontrol:Intravenouslyadministeredofdiazepam（安定）RectaladministeredofPhenobarbital（苯巴比妥）MuscleadministeredofdiazepamIntravenouslyadministeredofPhenobarbitalMuscleadministeredofPhenobarbitalThenormalpatternofhemoglobininchildrenbeyond2yearsoldis:HbA30%, HbF60-70%,HbA22-3%HbA97%, HbF1%, HbA22%HbA5-10%,HbF90%, HbA20.5%HbA95%, HbF1%, HbA25%HbA30%, HbF60%, HbA210%ThemostcommonandimportantcauseforchildhoodIDA（缺铁性贫血）is:Poorironstores B.OverdevelopC.PoordietaryironintakeD．Ironloss D．ChronicbleedingAboutirontherapy,whichoneofthefollowingisright:InfusionironisthefirstchoicewhenIDAoccurs.Oralferroussalts（亚铁盐）isthebestchoiceformostpatients.Oralironshouldbetakenrightafterthemeals.D.Administratingironwithmilktogetherfavorstheabsorptionofiron.E.Irontherapyshouldbestoppedwhenthehemoglobinisabovethenormalvalue..Evidenceofarecentstreptococci（链球菌）infectionis:A.SRf B.C3； C.BUN$D.Albf E.ASOfThemostcommoncongenitalheartdiseaseinchildrenis:A.ASD B.VSD C.PDAD.TOFE.PS（肺动脉狭窄）Whenistheoptimaltimefortreatmentofgrowthhormonedeficiency（生长激素缺乏症）？A.asearlyaspossible B.4-5years C.5-6years7-8years E.pubertyWhatistheworstprognosis（预后）forcongenitalhypothyroidism,ifthepatientdoesn’ttreatearly?A.lowmetabolism B.mentalretardation（智力低下）growthretardation（生长迟滞） D.unusualbodyfeatures（异常体态）delayingindevelopment（发育延迟）Intermsofprevalence,primaryimmunodeficiencies（原发性免疫缺陷症）whichmaypresentinsufficientantibodyproductionaccountsforofthetotal.A.80%B.60%C.50%D.30%E.10%Theembryonicperiod（胚胎期）endsandthefetalperiodbeginsatgestationalage:A.5weeks B.9weeks C.12weeks16weeks E.20weeksTheageofpeakofheightvelocity（PHV）formostchildrenis:A．9-11yearsoldforboys,8-10yearsoldforgirlsB．11-13yearsoldforboys,11-13yearsoldforgirls11-13yearsoldforboys,9-11yearsoldforgirls14-16yearsoldforboys,12-14yearsoldforgirls9-11yearsoldforboys,11-13yearsoldforgirlsThenumberofprimaryteeth（乳牙）thatgenerallyerupt（萌出）inchildrenby3yearsofageis:A.4 B.8 C.12 D.16 E.20Whichofthefollowingisnotanexpectedfindinginan8-month-old?A.Palmgrasp B.ShywithstrangersC.Sitwithoutsupport D.Babbling"mama”E．IndicateswantsTransferringobjectforhandtohandisanexpectedfindingatwhatage?

A.3months5months7monthsA.3months5months7months9months11monthsWhichofthefollowingisnotanexpectedmilestoneduringtwotofourmonthsofage?Posteriorfontanel（后囟）closesTransfersobjectsfromonehandtotheotherC．DecreaseinheadlagwhenpulledtositFollowsobjects180degreesSmilestoothersresponsivelyBasedonaninfantscaloricrequirements,howmanycaloriesperdaydoesa8-month-oldwhoweights10kgrequire?A.950kcal B.1200kcal C.1100kcalD．D．800kcalE．850kcalA10-week-oldchildweight5kgisbeingfedcommercialinfantformula（市售婴儿配方奶）.Themotherisconcernedsheis婴儿配方奶）.Themotherisconcernedsheisunderfeedingherbaby.Youtellherthat,tosatisfybothhisfluidandcaloricrequirements,thedailyintakeoughttobeatleast:（formulascontain500cal/100g）A.450ml B.550mlC.650ml D.750mlE.850mlThetypicalchangesofCerebrospinalFluid（脑脊液）inchildrenwithTBM（结核性脑膜炎）include（s）:Cells:50-500cells/mm3,Mononuclearcellpredominance.GlucoseandChloridatelow,highproteinlevelnormal;Cells:50-500cells/mm3,Mononuclearcellpredominance.GlucoseandChloridatelow;highproteinlevelwith1-3g/L;C.Cells:50-500cells/mm3,Mononuclearcellpredominance.GlucoseandChloridatelow,highproteinnormal;D.Cells:20-200cells/mm3,Mononuclearcellpredominance.GlucoseandChloridatelow,highproteinlevelwith1-3g/L;E.Cells:5000-10000cells/mm3,Mononuclearcellpredominance.GlucoseandChloridatelow,highproteinlevelwith1-3g/L.Thecourseofpersistingdiarrheainchildrenis:A.within1week B.1-2weeks C.2-4weeksmorethan2weeksbutlessthan2months E.morethan2monthsWhichoneiscorrectforhypertonicdehydration（高渗性脱水）？A.Serumsodium>110mmol/L B.Serumsodium>120mmol/LSerumsodium>130mmol/L D.Serumsodium>140mmol/LSerumsodium>150mmol/LWithregardtothevolumeofwaterlossinbodyweight,whichoneisCORRECTinchildrenwithmodrateofdehydration？A.10~40ml/kg B.50ml/kg C.60〜80ml/kg50〜100ml/kg. E.100〜120ml/kg.33．Whichofthefollowingisthefundamentalpathologicalchangeofmeasles？A.Aschoffbody. B.multinucleatedgiantcell（多核巨细胞）Nissl'sbody D.granulomacytomegalicinclusion（巨细胞包涵体）Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutmumps（腮腺炎）isfalse:parotid（腮腺）getsswellingbilaterallyin70%ofcasesB．theswollenparotidisred,painful,swollenandtenderC．itisainfectiondiseaseofrespiratorytract.theinfectionsourcesarepatientsandpersonswithinapparentinfection（隐匿性感染）submaxillarysalivary（颌下腺）glandcanbeinvolvedwithoutparotidswellingForthefollowingmeasurestopreventrabies（狂犬病）afterbittenbyawilddog,whichoneiswrong？A．catchandkillthewilddogsutureandwrapthewoundimmediatelyadministrationofHumanRabiesImmunoglobulinadministrationofrabiesvaccinewashingwoundwitha20%soapsolutionthoroughlyAllthefollowingstatementsaretrueabouttoxicBacillaryDysentery（细菌性痢疾）except:theageofpeakincidenceis2~7yearsolditspathogenisdifferentfromothertypesofBacillaryDysenterytheseasonofpeakincidenceisinsummeritonsetsabruptlyandprogressesrapidlytheremaybenodiarrheawhensepticshockoccursThemainpathogenesisoftoxicbacillarydysenteryis:A.severdehydration B.microcirculationdisturbance（微循环障碍）C.disturbanceofacid-basebalance D.electrolytedisturbancesE．heartfailureThekeysteptosepticshockis:A.Corticosteroids（皮质激素） B.Vasoactiveagents（血管活性剂）Initialfluidresuscitation D.Cardiants（强心剂）HeparinWhichofthefollowingaboutinfantilehepatitissyndromeiswrong?CMVisthemainpathogenfat-solubleavitaminosis（维生素缺乏症）canbeoccurredC．hereditaryandgeneticmetabolicdisordersarethemostcommoncausesofinfantilehepatitissyndromebiliaryatresia（胆道闭锁）iscommoncauseofinfantilehepatitissyndromethemainrouteinfantsgetHBVinfectionismother-to-childtransmission.Withregardtotheassessmentoftheseverityofdehydrationinchildren,whichoneisnottheimportantevidence?A.urinaryoutput（尿量） B.serumsodium C.fontanel（前囟）D.skinpinch（皮肤弹性） E.peripheralcirculationTypeII:Trueorfalse（1pointforeach,total10points）.Thecharacteristicsofneonatalbilirubin（胆红素）metabolismareover-productionofbilirubin,insufficienttransportationofbilirubin,immaturityofliverfunction,andTOC\o"1-5"\h\zenhancedenterohepaticcirculation. （ ）Themostbasicpathophysiologyofbronchopneumoniaishypercapnia（高碳酸血症）. （）Lumbarpuncture（腰穿）shouldbeperformedineverychildsuspectedwithbacterialmeningitis（脑膜炎）. （ ）Irondeficiency（缺铁）resultsindecreasedsynthesisofRBCandHb,whichleadtotheequaldecreasedRBCandHb,microcytic/hypochromicanemia.（小细胞低色素贫血） （ ）IfaAPSGNpatientgethypertention,higherthan150/120mmHg,wecandiagnosisHypertensiveencephalopathy（高血压脑病）. （ ）Onphysicalassessment,theWeightforageandlengthforagerepresentgrowthlevel. （ ）Solidfoodshouldbeintroducedbetween2and3months. （ ）8.ThehostfactorrelatedtoToxicBacillaryDysentery（中毒性菌痢）ishypoimmunity（免疫低下）. （ ）Pathogenesisofrabiesisnotrelatedtoviremia（病毒血症）. （ ）TherashofHand-foot-mouthdisease（手足口病）mainlyappearsonthetrunk.（）Type皿Fillinblanks（0.5pointforeach,total10points）.Thepathophysiologyofbronchopneumoniaincluding,和。ThePrinciplesofantibiotictherapyforbacterialmeningitis（细菌性脑膜炎）including:、、、、withenoughdosage、andwithenoughcourseofantibiotictherapy.Complications（并发症）ofCHD（先心病）oflefttorightshunt（分流）are、、和infectiouslendocarditis（感染性心内膜炎）。Theperiodforinfantis Macronutrientsinclude,,and。Thediarrhealmechanismcausedbyrotavirus（轮状病毒）is.Infantilehepatitissyndromeisagroupofsymptomcomplexwhichincludes，和occurredin.Toconfirmthediagnosisofmumpspancreatitis（腮腺炎并发胰腺炎），_ shouldbeexamined.TypeW:Questionsandanswers（23points）.Pleasedescribethefeaturesofneonatalphysiologicaljaundice（生理性黄疸）andpathologicaljaundice（病理性黄疸）.（6points）Whatisdifferentialcyanosis（差异性青紫）？（4points）Withgrowth,complementaryfoodsshouldbeintroducedtomeetnutritionalneedsofinfant.Pleasegivetheprinciplesofintroducingcomplementaryfoodsandsimplerationales.(8point)Pleasediscribletheclinicalmenifestationsofstage2oftuberclousmeningitis(结核性脑膜炎)(5points).TypeV:Casediscussion(17points)Boywith8mo,gradualpalefor2moths.Nobleedingnoted.G3P2,bigoneofthetwin,bornat30weeks,birthweight1.8kg.breastfeedingafterbirth,nootherfoodadded.PE:T370C,P120次/分，R40次/分，W7.0kg;lookpale.Nojaundice,liver:3cmbelowthecostalmargin,spleen:0.5cmbelowcostalmargin。Bloodcellcounts:RBC4.60x1012/l,Hb60g/L,MCV34.3fl,MCH13.0pg,MCHC240pg/LWBC5.42X109/l,L0.83,N0.17,PLT347x109/L,Rc0.012。Questions:（6points）（1） Thefirstdiagnosisconsideration（第一诊断是）is:.（1points）It’sbased（诊断是基于以下因素）：,,,,。（2.5points）（2） Furtherinvestigation（进一步需要的实验室检查）：,,,,。（1points）（3） Treatmentmanagement（主要治疗）：,（1points）Education（宣教）：（0.5points）2andahalfyearsoldboy,gotedemafor10days,andfeverfor2days,coughfor1