江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题课件

第三讲│

信息概括题这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，依据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。此类题目主要分为两种类型：(1)总结性词汇。设题大多数状况下是概括文章的标题、段落大意、事务过程、文章的目的、意义以及得出的结论等。[典例1]

(2017·江苏高考)Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore，around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations)，butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.Itwouldbedifficultfordevelopedcountriestomaintainthe(72)________ofpopulation.分析第一步：依据题干大意可定位到文章其次段。其次步：依据其次段内容，特殊是“almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate”和“Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.”可知，发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。size/scale表示“尺寸，大小，规模”，符合文意。第三步：确定答案为size/scale。[典例2]

(2017·江苏高考)InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates，butinthesouth，wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace，birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal，25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030，asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.Leavingasidethebirthrateissue，India’seconomymaytakeoffwhenthecountryachieves(78)________ofeducationalopportunity.分析：第一步：依据题干中的“India’seconomy”以及“educational”，可以定位到文章第五段。其次步：依据第五段中对于印度人口诞生率以及经济发展与教化的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教化机会的同等化，它的经济会有大的增长。第三步：确定答案为equality。[学问链接1]信息概括常用词1.缘由与结果：reason(for)，result；cause(of)，consequence2.异同点与优缺点：difference，similarity;advantage，disadvantage3.功能：function4.观点与看法：opinion，view(on/about)，viewpoint，idea;attitude(to/towards)5.评论与评价：comment(on)，remark(on/upon)，assessment6.方式与方法：means，way，method(of);solution，approach(todoingsth)；(take)measures(todosth)7.目的：purpose，aim，goal8.主动与消极：positive，negative9.建议：advice，suggestion，tip10.概括与总结：summary，conclusion11.特点：feature，characteristic12.种类：kind，type，category，class13.精神上与身体上：mentally，physically14.影响：influence，impact，effect(on)15.情形，状况：situation，condition16.方面与项目条款：aspect，item17.材料：materials18.学问与消息：knowledge，information19.日程支配：schedule，agenda20.百分比：percentage21.性别：sex22.年龄：age23.(不)熟悉：familiar/unfamiliar24.个人，个人的：individual25.微小环节：description，detail26.文化：culture27.责任：(take)responsibility28.贡献：(make)contributions(to)29.重要：value，importance，significance30.比较：contrast，comparison31.时期：period，time32.存在：existence，exist33.人口：population34.天气与气候：weather，climate35.位置：location36.主题：theme37.背景：setting，background38.情节：plot39.高潮：climax40.反对者与支持者：opponent，supporter[学问链接2]同义替换常考词汇1resultfrom＝arisefrom由……导致2atrandom＝randomly随意地3inparticular＝particularly尤其，特别4inpeace＝peacefully平静地；安宁地5inadvance＝aheadoftime(schedule)预先6inpart＝partly在一定程度上7insilence＝silently寂静地，沉默地8inharmony＝harmoniously和谐地9beaccusedof＝bechargedwith被指控10putforward＝comeupwith提出11onbehalfof＝represent代表12showup＝turnup＝appear出现13includingsth＝sthincluded包括某物14beexposedto＝exposureto暴露于，接触到15accountfor＝makeup占据……比例16lacksth＝beshortofsth＝belackinginsth缺少某物17athand＝handy在手边18escapefrom＝flee逃离19stand/bear/tolerate/putupwith忍受20atthesametime＝meanwhile同时21makefunof＝laughat＝tease＝mock取笑22treatsbbadly＝abusesb虐待某人23takepridein＝beproudof对……感到自豪24bedressedin＝wearsth穿着……25burstintotears＝burstoutcrying突然大哭26lookafter＝takecareof＝attendto照顾27compensatefor＝makeupfor补偿28online＝ontheInternet在网上29matter/count/beimportant重要30catchon＝popularize流行31takeup＝occupy占据32believein＝trust信任33takeinsth＝absorbsth理解，吸收某物34starvetodeath＝dieofhunger/starvation饿死35accompanysb＝keepsbcompany陪伴某人36turntosbforhelp＝asksbforhelp向某人求助37100years＝1century＝10decades100年38afortnight＝twoweeks两周39everyyear＝yearly＝annual每年的4036＝3dozen3打41facesth＝befacedwithsth面对某事42facingsth＝facedwithsth(状语)面临某事43support＝beinfavorof＝favor＝subscribeto支持44beofuse/value＝beuseful/valuable对……有用45dowith＝dealwith＝copewith＝handle处理46beabsorbedin＝belostin＝beburiedin专心于……47objecttodoingsth＝opposedoingsth＝beopposedtodoingsth＝raiseanobjectiontodoingsth反对做某事48convincesb＝makesbconvinced使某人信服49theremainingmoney＝themoneyleft剩下的钱50nowandthen＝sometimes＝occasionally有时51makeanapologytosb＝apologizetosb向某人道歉52avarietyof＋n.＝varietiesof＋n.＝various＋n.各种各样的……53makefulluseof＝makethemost(best)of＝takeadvantageof利用54berelatedto＝beassociatedwith＝belinkedto＝beconnectedwith跟……有关55putoffdoing＝delaydoing＝postponedoing＝buytimetodo推迟做56anapproachtodoingsth＝awayofdoingsth＝awaytodosth＝howtodosth做某事的方法57replaceBwithA＝substituteAforB＝taketheplaceofBwithA用A替代B58resemble＝looklike＝besimilarto＝beararesemblanceto像，类似于59sbmakessenseofsth＝sbunderstandssth某人明白某事60beaccessibleto＝haveaccessto＝beavailableto可获得的61bedrunkwith＝beaddictedto＝behookedon沉迷于62managetodosth＝succeedindoingsth(设法)做成某事63tobehonest/frank/strict＝honestly/frankly/strictlyspeaking坦率地/直白地/严格地说64betired/sickof＝beboredwith＝befedupwith对……感到厌倦65haveanedge/advantageover＝besuperiorto＝bebetterthan胜过，比……强66beconsistentwith＝beinlinewith＝correspondwith＝agreewith与……相一致67taketheplaceofA＝beinplaceofA＝replaceA取代A68atyourconvenience＝whenitisconvenientforyou当你方便时69onone’sown＝byonself＝alone独自地70beaware/consciousof＝realize＝recognize意识到71beresponsiblefor＝takeresponsibilityfor＝answerfor对……负责72inspiteof/despite＋短语＝though/although/while/as＋句子

虽然(用as要倒装)73beyondbelief＝incredible＝unbelievable难以置信的74outofthequestion＝impossible不可能的outofquestion＝noproblem没问题75beunawareof＝failtonotice＝overlook＝ignore＝neglect忽视76stress/underline/emphasizetheimportanceofsth强调某事/物的重要性77sthbenefitssb＝sthbebeneficialtosb＝sthbeofbenefittosb＝sbbenefitsfromsth某人从某事中受益78makepreparationsfor＝beinpreparationsfor＝preparefor为……做准备79takeanactivepartinsth＝takepartins