海洋技术专业英语1

MarineTechnologyLecturer:liubeiDepartmentofMarinetechnologyCollegeofelectronicandinformationengineeringMarinetechnologyMarinetechnologyisdefinedbyWEGEMT(aEuropeanassociationof40universitiesin17countries)as“technologiesforthesafeuse,exploitation,protectionof,andinterventionin（对……的干预）,themarineenvironment.“marineenvironment:海洋环境WEGEMTisaEuropeanAssociationof40Universitiesin17countries.Itwasformedin1978withtheaimofincreasingtheknowledgebase（学问库）,andupdatingandextendingtheskillsandcompetenceofpracticingengineersandpostgraduatestudentsworkingatanadvancedlevelinmarinetechnologyandrelatedsciences.MarinetechnologyAccordingtoWEGEMT,thetechnologiesinvolvedinmarinetechnologyarethefollowing:①navalarchitecture(船舶工程),marineengineering(海洋工程),shipdesign（船舶设计）,shipbuildingandshipoperations（船舶制造和操作）;②oilandgasexploration（油气勘探）;③hydrodynamics（流体力学）,navigation（导航）,seasurfaceandsub-surfacesupport,underwatertechnologyandengineering;④marineresources(includingbothrenewable（可再生的）andnon-renewablemarineresources);⑤transportlogistics（物流）andeconomics;⑥inland,coastal,shortsea（近海）anddeepseashipping（海运）;⑦protectionofthemarineenvironment;⑧leisure（休闲）andsafety（平安设备）.MarinetechnologyToday’stechnologiesallowustoexploretheoceaninincreasinglysystematic（系统的）,scientific,andnoninvasiveways.Withcontinuingscientificandtechnologicaladvances,ourabilitytoobservetheoceanenvironmentanditsresident(定居的)creatures(生物)isbeginningtocatchupwithourimaginations,expandingourunderstandingandappreciationofthisstilllargelyunexploredrealm.noninvasive[,nɔnin'veisiv]：非侵袭的；非侵害的unexploredrealm[rɛlm]:未知的领域MarinetechnologyMarineTechnologyhighlightsthetechnologiesthatmaketoday‘sexplorations(勘查)possibleandthescientificachievements（科研成果）

thatresultfromtheseexplorations.Technologiesincludeplatformssuchasvessels(船舶)andsubmersibles(深潜器),observingsystemsandsensors,communicationtechnologies,anddivingtechnologiesthattransportusacrossoceanwatersandintothedepths（深水生境区）,allowingustoscientificallyexamine,record,andanalyzethemysteriesoftheocean.Contents:Platforms:Vessels(船舶)Platforms:Submersibles(深潜器)ObservingSystemsandSensorsCommunication(通讯)Technologies1.Platforms:VesselsThewaterscoveringourplanetarevast,extendingover70percentofitssurface.BeyondthecoastlinesofEarth’smajorcontinents,however,theoceanremainsvirtuallyunexplored,dueinparttothesheersizeoftheoceanandthepotentiallydeadlyconditionsthatawaitoceantravelers.coastlinesofEarth’smajorcontinents:地球主要大洲的海岸thesheersizeof：浩大的规模Vesselsarearguablythemostcriticalelementinanyocean-goingventure.Onceashipleavesthesafetyofitsdock（码头）,itisanislanduntoitselfontheopenseas,itscrew（全体船员）

atthemercyofthewaves.Anyship,froma15-footsailboat（帆船）toa1,500-foottanker（tanker）,mustcarryallofthefood,water,fuel,andequipmentthatitscrewwillneedtolivesafelyforthedurationofthejourney.ocean-goingventure：远洋冒险atthemercyofthewaves：海浪的摆布1foot英尺=0.3048meters(米)Inthecaseofresearchvessels,theshipsmustalsobeequippedwithspecialtoolsandtechnologythatallowscientiststoexploreoceanenvironments.Researchvesselsarehighlyadvancedmobileresearchstations,providingstableplatformsfromwhichexplorerscandeployequipment,divers,andsubmersibles.Inaddition,thesevesselscarrystate-of-the-artelectronics,computers,andnavigationalandcommunicationssystems.researchvessels：调查船，探讨船exploreoceanenvironments：探究海洋环境mobileresearchstations：移动探讨站deployequipment：部署设备、潜水、潜水器state-of-the-art：国家的最先进的navigationalandcommunications：导航和通信（1）NOAAShipOkeanosExplorer（“俄刻阿诺斯探究者”号）NOAAShipOkeanosExplorerisAmerica’sfirstfederallyfundedshipdedicated(专用的)tooceanexplorationanddiscovery.Missionsofthe224-foot(68.2752m)vesselincludemapping（绘图）,sitecharacterization,reconnaissance（侦察；勘测）,advancingtechnology,education,andoutreach(延长),allfocusedondeep-seaexploration.federallyfunded：联邦政府资助的sitecharacterization:场地特征描述advancingtechnology:不断进步的技术，现代科技NOAAShipOkeanosExplorerberthed(停岸)attheNOAAFordIslandfacilitylocatedinthemiddleofPearlHarbor(珍宝港),Hawaii.Sincetheshipwascommissioned(服役)in2008,theOkeanosExplorerhastraveledtheglobe,exploringeverywherefromtheIndonesian(印尼)CoralTriangleRegion,tobenthic(底栖的)environmentsintheGalápagos（加拉帕戈斯群岛）

andcanyons(峡谷)andseamounts(海底山)offtheNortheastU.S.coast,furtheringourknowledgeofmanypreviouslyunexploredareasandsettingthestage(奠定了基础)forfuturein-depthexplorationactivities.CoralTriangleRegion:珊瑚礁三角区theGalápagosand:加拉帕戈斯群岛in-depthexploration:深部勘探ScienceandResearchSupport

科学和探讨支持OkeanosExplorerisashipofdiscovery.Followingadiscovery,theshipmaystopanddeployremotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)andothersensorsandsystems.Togetherwithshore-basedexplorationteams,scientistsandtechniciansatseamayconductpreliminary（

初步的）

additionalinvestigations,developingenoughdatatoprovideanenergized（有活力的）

usercommunitywithjustificationforfollow-on(后继的论证),hypotheses-basedinvestigations.Inthisway,OkeanosExplorerisalsoapath-finding(向导)ship,creatingawake(尾迹)ofdiscoverydataforotherscientistsonothershipstoconductsubsequentandmoredetailedinvestigations.remotelyoperatedvehicles:有缆遥控水下机器人,有缆遥控潜水器shore-based:岸基的，设在岸上的hypotheses-basedinvestigations：基于假设的调查discoverydata：探究资料DeepDiscoverer,theremotelyoperatedvehiclededicatedto(专用于)theOkeanosExplorerexplorestheNortheastU.S.Canyonsduringa2013expedition.Theshipcomeswith(自带)avarietyofsensorsandsystems,includingamodern,hull-mountedmultibeamsonarforgeneratinghigh-resolutionmapsoftheseafloorandwatercolumnto6,000metersdeep.Thesemapsanddatahelpexplorersidentifyinterestingfeatures(有意义的特性)thatwarrant(保证)furtherinvestigationandcanserveasguidesforconducting(指导)visualsurveysusingROVs.hull-mountedmultibeamsonar：船用多波束声纳watercolumn：水柱，水层visualsurveys：可视化调查OkeanoshastwoROVs,attached(连着)bytethers（系缆，系绳）andcapableofoperatingtodepthsof6,000meters.TheSeirios(天狼星)camerasled(超辐射发光二极管)issuspendedabovetheotherROVandservestoilluminate(照明)andimagethesurroundings.SuspendedbelowSeiriosistheDeepDiscovererROV.DeepDiscoverercarriesaminimumof(至少)sixunderwatervideocameras;alargearrayof(大批)thenewestLEDlightingtechnology;andanavailablesensorpayload(有效载荷)ofover400pounds（181.44kg）.underwatervideocameras:水下摄像机thenewestLEDlightingtechnology:最新的LED照明技术1pound=0.453592kg;Twoseven-functionhydraulicmanipulators,ahydraulicallyactuated(驱动)sensorplatform,full-colorsectorscansonar,andafullyintegrated(全集成)inertialnavigationsystemareallstandardcapabilitiesof

DeepDiscoverer.hydraulicmanipulators:液压机械手full-colorsectorscansonar:全色扇扫声纳inertialnavigationsystem:惯性导航系统standardcapabilitiesof:标准的性能NavigationandCommunication

导航和通信OkeanosExplorerusesadynamicpositioningsystem,asortofautomaticpilotthatintegrates(集成)satellitepositioningdataandmeteorological(气象)datawiththeship’sengines(发动机)andthrusters(推动器),toremainonstationwhenROVsaredeployed.dynamicpositioningsystem:动态定位系统automaticpilot:自动导航仪satellitepositioningdata:卫星定位数据NOAAShipOkeanosExplorer'sVSAT.VSATstandsforVerySmallApertureTerminal(甚小孔径天线终端).VSATsaresmallEarth-basedsatellitedisharrays(小型地面卫星天线阵列).Ontheship,itistheVSATthatallowsthereal-timesharing(实时共享)ofexplorationdata.Theshipcarriescutting-edgetechnology(最前沿的技术)thatenablesexplorersatseaandonshoretoinvestigatetheunknownandpoorlyunderstoodocean.Thisispossibletoduetotelepresencetechnology.Whenyoulookattheship,oneofitsmostvisiblefeaturesisthesatellitedomeatop(在顶上)itsmast(桅杆).Thisdomeispartofahigh-bandwidth(高带宽)satellitecommunicationssystemcapableoftransmittingdatathroughInternet2(其次代因特网)connectionstoscientistsonshore.telepresencetechnology:远程呈现系统satellitedome:卫星整流罩Theshipsendsmultibeam(多波束)mappingdata;datacollectedfromshipsensors;andreal-time,high-definitionvideofeedsfromROVsatratesupto20Mb/s(megabytes(兆字节)persecond)fromtheshiptotheshoreandupto4Mb/sfromshorebacktotheship.Thiscapabilityisrequiredtosupportfulltransmissionofthehigh-definitionvideofrombothROVsandfromauxiliarycameras(帮助摄像头)ontheship.mappingdata:测绘数据high-definitionvideo:高清视频重点词汇vessels:船舶ocean-goingventure：远洋冒险dock：码头atthemercyofthewaves：海浪的摆布sailboat：帆船tanker：油轮researchvessels：调查船，探讨船exploreoceanenvironments：探究海洋环境mobileresearchstations：移动探讨站deployequipment：部署设备、潜水、潜水器state-of-the-art：国家的最先进的navigationalandcommunications：导航和通信federallyfunded：联邦政府资助的sitecharacterization:场地特征描述reconnaissance:侦察；勘测advancingtechnology:现代科技Berthedat:停岸CoralTriangleRegion:珊瑚礁三角区theGalápagosandcanyons:加拉帕戈斯群岛和峡谷in-depthexploration:深部勘探benthicenvironments:海底生物；底栖生物环境remotelyoperatedvehicles:有缆遥控水下机器人，有缆遥控潜水器shore-based:岸基的，设在岸上的hull-mountedmultibeamsonar：船用多波束声纳watercolumn：水柱，水层visualsurveys：可视化调查tethers:用绳，系缆，系绳underwatervideocameras:水下摄像机thenewestLEDlightingtechnology:最新的LED照明技术hydraulicmanipulators:液压机械手full-colorsectorscansonar:全色扇扫声纳inertialnavigationsystem:惯性导航系统standardcapabilitiesof:标准的性能dynamicpositioningsystem:动态定位系统automaticpilot:自动领航仪satellitepositioningdata:卫星定位数据thrusters:推动器VerySmallApertureTerminal(甚小孔径天线终端)smallEarth-basedsatellitedisharrays(小型地面卫星天线阵列)telepresencetechnology:远程呈现系统satellitedome:卫星整流罩（2）NOAAShipRonaldH.Brown

(“罗纳德·布朗”号)MeettheNOAAShipRonaldH.Brown.Thisstate-of-the-artoceanographicandatmosphericresearchvesselisthelargestshipintheNOAAfleet,measuring274feet

(83.5152m)anddisplacing(排水量)morethan3,200tons.SincebeingcommissionedinJuly1997,theRonBrownhastraveledfromitshomeportinCharleston(在查尔斯顿港),SouthCarolina,totheAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Numerouson-boardinstruments(船载仪器)areusedtocollectandassessscientificdatafromaboveandbelowtheoceansurface,allowingustosimultaneouslymeasuretheatmosphereandtheoceanandincreaseourunderstandingofglobalclimaticchanges(全球气候变更)andotherenvironmentalissues.ScienceandResearchSupportTwoGlobalPositioningSystem-based(基于全球定位系统的)radiosonde(无线电探空仪)systemsontheshipareusedtomonitor(监控)weather.Aradiosondeisattachedtoaweatherballoon(探空气球)andreleasedintotheupperatmosphere(高层大气)tomeasureatmosphericpressure,temperature,humidity,andconcentrationsofozone(臭氧浓度).Thedataisthentransmittedtogroundreceiversforprocessingandanalysis.Additionalmeteorologicalsensors(气象传感器)ontheshipmeasureprecipitation(降水),windspeedanddirection(风速风向),andshort-waveradiation(短波辐射).Tostudyphenomenabeneaththeocean’ssurface,theRonBrownisequippedwithtwoshallow-waterechosounders(浅水回声测深仪)

thatcandevelopbroad-basedprofiles(剖面图)oftheseaflooratdepthsupto(深度可达)1,000meters.Theseechosounderscanalsobeusedtolocatefishforstudiesofspeciesdistributionandabundance(物种分布和丰度).Amultibeamsurveysystem(多波束测量系统)ontheshipusesanadvancedsonarsystem(先进的声纳系统)tocreatebathymetric(underwatertopography)charts,aswellasdetailedthree-dimensionalimagesoftheseafloor.AnacousticDopplercurrentprofiler(ADCP,声学多普勒流速剖面仪)ontheRonBrownallowsscientiststomeasurethespeedanddirectionofwatercurrentsbeneaththevessel.AConductivity,Temperature,andDepth,orCTD,devicecanbeusedtomeasureconductivityandtemperaturechangesinthewatercolumn(水层)relativetodepth.Additionalinstrumentsonboardtheshipareavailabletoalsomeasuresalinity,fluorescence(荧光性),conductivity,andtemperature.TheRonBrownalsohasaseriesofcranes(起重机)andwinches(绞车)forloadingsuppliesandscientificgear(科学设备),aswellasseveralcranesandbooms(吊杆)toaccommodatethetransferofheavierequipmenttoandfromtheship.AnA-frame(A字架)mounted(安装)onthevessel’sstern(船尾)isusedtodeployandrecoversubmersibles,surfacefloats,andsmallersupportboats.Scientistsandcrewpreparetolaunchasedimenttrap(沉积物收集器)fromNOAAShipRonaldH.Brown.NavigationandCommunicationsThenetworkandcomputersystemsaboardtheRonBrownareusedforeverythingfromsensoracquisition(传感数据采集)anddataanalysis(数据分析)toadministration(管理)andpayroll(在册职工人数).Nearlyalloftheship'sscientificdevicesareintegratedintoanonboardoceanographicsystemcalledtheScientificComputingSystem(SCS).NavigationandCommunicationsTheSCSisanetworkthatcollects,stores,processes,retrieves(检索),andsendsoceanographicdatafromallthenavigationandenvironmentalsensors,bathymetricsonarsystems(水深声纳系统),

andothermissionsensors.Internetaccessisreadilyavailableontheship.重点词汇displacing(排水量)morethan3,200tonsglobalclimaticchanges(全球气候变更)GlobalPositioningSystem-based(基于全球定位系统的)radiosonde(无线电探空仪)concentrationsofozone(臭氧浓度)precipitation(降水)windspeedanddirection(风速风向)short-waveradiation(短波辐射)重点词汇shallow-waterechosounders(浅水回声测深仪)multibeamsurveysystem(多波束测量系统)advancedsonarsystem(先进的声纳系统)fluorescence(荧光性)cranes(起重机)andwinches(绞车)scientificgear(科学设备)A-frame(A字架)vessel’sstern(船尾)重点词汇sedimenttrap(沉积物收集器)sensoracquisition(传感数据采集)bathymetricsonarsystems(水深声纳系统)(3)ResearchVesselAtlantis（亚特兰蒂斯）Theresearchvessel(R/V)AtlantisisownedbytheU.S.NavyandoperatedbyWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)fortheoceanographiccommunity.Specificallyoutfitted（

配备）

forlaunchingandservicingAlvin,thehuman-occupied（载人）submersible,Atlantisisthenamesake（同名）

ofWHOI’sfirstresearchvessel,whichwasthefirstAmericanshipbuiltspecificallyforresearchinmarinebiology,marinegeology,andphysicaloceanography.ScienceandResearchSupportTheAtlantiscontainsmorethan3,500squarefeetoflaboratoryspacefordedicateduse（特地运用）bytheonboardscienceparty.Themainlabisalarge,open-space,general-purposelaboratorydirectlyaccessibleby（可到达）themaindeckthatcanaccommodateavarietyofshiftingneedsandequipment.Thebio/analyticallab（生物/分析试验室）isisolatedfrom（隔绝的）therestofthelabspacestoallowformoreprecisetemperaturecontrol（精密温控）and/oreliminationofcontamination（污染）fromotherareas.ScienceandResearchSupportThehydrolab（水文试验室）islocatedontheportsideof（左舷的）themaindeckandisusedasageneral-purposefacility（通用的设备）.Oneendof（一端）thehydrolabisusedasamaintenancearea（维护区）forremotelyoperatedvehicles（有缆遥控水下机器人）(ROVs)usedontheship.LocatedneartheAlvinhanger（吊架）,thewetlaballowsscientiststodrawwatersamples（打水样本）andmaintainwatersamplingequipment.Finally,scientistsalsohaveaccesstoawell-equippedcomputerandelectronicslab.Twostorerooms（库房）

allowforoverheadstowage（装载物）

oflargegear（大型齿轮）.Portablelabspacealsoisavailableontheworkingdecks.

Inaddition,thesubmersiblesupportcrewhasaccesstoelectricalandmachineshops,andthemaindeckhousestwohangars（机库）

forAlvinandtheROVs.ThemainlaboratoryspaceontheR/VAtlantis.TheAtlantisisequippedwithavarietyofpermanent（永久性）tools,includingadatalogginganddisplaysystem（数据记录和显示系统）;navigationdisplays,winch（绞车）readouts（面板显示）,andmeteorologicalreadings（气象数据）inprincipallaboratoryspaces;aCTDRosette;anacousticDopplercurrentprofiler（声学多普勒流速剖面仪）;amultibeamechosoundersystem（多波束测深仪系统）forseabedmappingtofulloceandepth,withfullresolution（全解析度）,coverage,andaccuracy;andacousticnavigationsystem（声导航系统）withpingers（声波放射器）andtrackingtransponders（跟踪转发器）.Theshipalsohasfumehoods（通风柜）,refrigerators（冷藏室）

andfreezers（冷冻箱）,anddeionizeddistilledwater（脱离子蒸馏水）.Scientistsalsobringtheirownequipmentonboard,thenatureofwhichcanvarywidelydependingontheirmission.TheAtlantisfeaturesavarietyofmulti-purposenetworkcomputersforscienceuse.Datacanbetransmittedviasingle-sideband（单边带）andVHFradio（甚高频无线电）,weatherfacsimile（气象传真）,asatellitesystemknownasINMARST,telex,andemail.Gyrocompasses（陀螺罗盘）

andaglobalpositioningsystem（全球定位系统）,bothofwhichareadvancednavigationalequipmentusedtoaugmentradarandpapercharts,canaccuratelydeterminetheship’sposition.AlvinandAtlantisTheAtlantis’mostdistinguishingcharacteristicisitslarge,A-framecrane（吊车）onthestern（船尾）.ThecraneliftsAlvinoffthedeckandsetsitinthewaterandalsohauls（拖曳）itaboardwhenitsworkiscompleted.WhileAlvinexplorestheseabed,theAtlantisemploysapositioningsystemthatallowsittoremaininonespot.Thrusters（推动器）controlledbyaglobalpositioningsatellitesystemcompensate（抵消）forwindandcurrent.At274feetinlengthanddisplacing3,510tons,theshipcarriesacomplementof36crewmembers,sciencetechnicians,deepsubmergencegroupmembers,aswellasascientificpartyof24menandwomenforaslongas60days.BecauseAtlantisisconstantlygoingwhereAlvinisneededforexploration,theshiptravelstheworld.ThesubmersibleAlvinisframedbyitslaunch/recoverysysteminasternviewofR/VAtlantisduringacruisetostudyseafloorformation.(4)ResearchVesselCapeFear（海角惊魂）OwnedandoperatedbytheUniversityofNorthCarolina-Wilmington（威尔明顿-卡罗来纳州）,the70-footResearchVessel(R/V)CapeFearisdesignedforresearch,training,andeducationalcruises（航行）

inwatersfromthenearshoreouttothecontinentalslope（大陆坡）.WithahomeportinWilmington,NorthCarolina,theR/VCapeFearoperatesfromtheChesapeakeBay（切萨皮克湾）

totheGulfofMexico（墨西哥湾）

oneitherdaytripsorforextendedoperationsuptofivedaysatatime.ScientificOperationsOceanographicsamplingequipment（取样设备）

deployedfromtheR/VCapeFearallowsscientiststodevelopadetailedpictureofthewatercolumnbasedonarangeofproperties（一系列的属性）.TwoAcousticDopplerCurrentProfilers（

ADCP(声学多普勒流速剖面仪)）

canbeusedtomeasurehowfastwaterismovingacrossanentirewatercolumn（整个水柱）.ScientificOperationsTheshipalsohastwoConductivity,Temperature,Depth（CTD）

profilerstomeasuretemperatureandsalinityatdepth.Severaltools,includingsidescansonar（侧扫声呐）

andaseismic（地震的）

sub-bottomprofiler,areavailabletocreatedetailedprofilesofanarea’sbathymetry(bottomtopography).TheR/VCapeFearhasadiveplatformatwaterleveltoprovidediversandsmallervesselseasyandsafeaccesstothewater.Hydraulic（水力的）

connections,anA-frame,awinch,andamixingstation（混气站）

fornitrox（氮化物）

provideadditionalcapabilitiesforscientificresearchprojects.Asteeringstation（操舵部位）onthisdeckallowsthevesselcaptain（船长）

tomaneuver（调遣）

thevesseltoaccommodatescienceoperations.TheR/VCapeFearisequippedforawiderangeofscientificsampling.NavigationandCommunicationsWhiletheabilitytosuccessfullycarryout（执行）

arangeofocean-basedoperationsisimportantforanyresearchvessel,evenmorecriticalisthesafetyoftheship’spassengersandcrew.Fornavigationandcommunication,theCapeFearreliesonasuiteofsystems.Toassesslatitudeandlongitude,standardnavigationalchartsareaugmentedwithaDGPS(digitalgeographicpositioningsystem（数字地理定位系统）andradarwitha72-mileradius.Acolorscopefathometer（回声测深仪）providescontinuousinformationaboutbottomdepthandtype(e.g.,sand,boulders（岩石）).Thisinformationiscriticalwhentheshipisoperatinginunknownornear-shorewaters.Increasingly,satellitephoneisusedforoffshorecommunicationsandacellularphonecanbeusedwhenthevesselisoperatingclosetoland.Withacruisingspeedof13knots,theR/VCapeFearhasberthing（停岸）forsevenscientistsandthreecrewmembersforextendedtrips;largergroups,suchasclasses,canbeaccommodatedfordaycruiseswithintwentynauticalmiles（海里（1.852公里））ofland.(5)

ResearchVessel

Ka`imikai-o-KanaloaMeettheresearchvessel(R/V)Ka’imikai-o-Kanaloa(KoK).Designedtooperateincoastalandblue-waterareas,KoKisspecificallyconfiguredtosupporttheUniversityofHawaii’smannedsubmersibles,Pisces-VandPisces-IV,aswellasotherremotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs).ScienceandResearchSupportTheKoKiswellequippedforarangeofgeneraloceanographicresearchoperations.ASeaBeambathymetricmappingsystemiscapableofchartingtheseafloortodepthsof11kilometers.ThevesselalsohasanAcousticDopplerCurrentProfilertomeasureprofilesofwatervelocityrelativetotheship,aConductivity-Temperature-Depthsystemtomeasuringseawaterparameterssuchassalinityandtemperature,andanuncontaminatedseawatersystem.HangarontheR/VKa`imikai-o-KanaloausedtohouseandpreparethePiscesIVandPiscesVsubmersibles.Fourlaboratoriesareavailableforuseontheship:arocklabforthestorageandanalysisofsolidsamplesrecoveredfromtheocean,awetlabforchemicalsampleanalyses,acleanlab,andadrylab.TheKoK’slarge,moveableA-Frame;trawlwinch;andCTDwinchallowforthelaunchingofscientificequipment,suchasthePiscessubmersiblesandotherROVs,permittingavarietyofoceanographicoperationstobeconductedatsea.NavigationandCommunicationSystemsTheKoKisequippedwithaTrimbleNAVTRACinthebridgeandAshtechinthemainlab.BothofthesesystemscanreceiveDifferentialGlobalPositioningSystem(DGPS)signals.VesselcommunicationsincludeHF(SSB)andVHFradios,INMARSAT-CsatellitecommunicationsandInternet,andcellularphone.NavigationandCommunicationSystemsOwnedandoperatredbytheUniversityofHawaii,at223feet,theKoKdisplaces1,961tonsandcanaccommodateupto13crewand19scientists.TheKoKcanremainatseafor50dayswithafullcrewandscienceparty,cruisingatamaximumspeedof11knots.(6)ResearchVesselAkademikMstislavKeldysh

（克尔德什院士号）TheResearchVessel(R/V)AkademikMstislavKeldyshisownedandoperatedbytheInstituteofOceanologyoftheRussianAcademyofSciences.Thisgloballyrangingvesselwaslaunchedin1981andhassincesupportedmanyscientificandexploratoryvoyages.Itismostwell-knownforthetwomannedsubmersiblesthatitcarries–MirIandMirII–whichwereusedduringinvestigationsoffamoussitessuchastheRMSTitanicshipwreck.ScienceandResearchSupportTheR/VKeldyshiswellequippedforconductingmultidisciplinaryresearchprojectsthatinvolvelargeteamsofscientists.Thevesselcanberthupto90people,includingscientificpersonnel,officersandcrew,andmarinetechnicians.Theworkingspaceforresearchonthevesselincludes17laboratories.Rocksandbiologicalsamplescanbeexaminedinthewetlab.Anotherlabcontainssophisticatedcomputersandotherelectronicequipment.ThelargestworkspacesontheshiparededicatedtosupportingtheMirIandMirIIsubmersibles.TheKeldyshwasconvertedtosupportthesesubmersiblesin1987.TheMirsaretheheartoftheKeldysh,anditsequipmentandcrewareoptimizedtosupportthesedeep-divingsubmersibles.Specializedlaunch-and-recoverycranesareusedtolifttheMirsinandoutofthewater.Smallboatstowthemawayfromtheshipandbravediversjumpintothewater,nomatterhowfrigid,toreleasethetowlines.Aboardtheship,large“hangar”doorscovertheMirstoprotectthemfromtheelements.Thescientistsandshippersonnelonboardaresplitinto“watches”sothatacrewofpeopleisalwaysworking,collectingdataandmanagingtheship,24hoursaday.NavigationandCommunicationThevesselisequippedwithadvancedsatellitenavigationandcommunicationsystems.TheKelydeshalsocarriesacousticechosoundersforscientificresearchandprovisionsforsilentshipoperation.TheKeldyshmeasures122metersinlengthand17.8metersofbeam(width).Itdisplaces6,240tonsofwater.Normalcruisingspeedforthevesselis10.5knots,withamaximumspeedof12.5knots.Theshiphasacruisingrangeof20,000nauticalmilesandispropelledbyfour1,460-horsepowerdieselengines.(7)ResearchVesselKiloMoana

（基洛莫阿纳）TheResearchVessel(R/V)KiloMoanaisownedbytheU.S.NavyandoperatedbytheUniversityofHawaiiMarineCenter.This186-footgeneraloceanographicresearchvesselisdesignedtooperateincoastalandbluewaterareas.ScienceandResearchSupportTheKiloMoanapossessesaninnovativeanduniquehulldesigncalled“SWATH,”whichstandsforSmallWaterplaneAreaTwinHull.Builtlikeapontoonboat/catamaranhybrid,theshipisbroaderthanotherships,offeringasmootherride,alargeworkingdeckarea,andstableoperationseveninroughseas.Thevesselisequippedtoperformavarietyofgeneraloceanographyandmultidisciplinarystudies.Thereareeightlaboratoryspacesonboardtheship,includinghydrographic,chemical,andwetlabs,aswellgenerallaboratoryandcomputerspaces.AerialshotofR/VKiloMoanaduringseatrialsintheAtlantic.Notethenarrowpylonsorstrutsthanpassthroughtheair-waterinterface.ScientificequipmentavailableforuseontheKiloMoanoincludeagravitymeter,magnetometer,apistoncore,andarocksawtoconductmarinegeologyandgeophysicalexperiments.InstrumentssuchasfluorometersandaConductivity-Temperature-Depth