商业银行信贷风险管理外文文献翻译中文3000多字

商业银行信贷风险管理外文文献翻译中文3000多字文献出处：AyeniRK,OkeMO.Thecommercialbankcreditriskmanagement[J].Australianjournalofbusinessandmanagementresearch,2022,12(2):31-38.原文ThecommercialbankcreditriskmanagementAyeniRK,OkeMOAbstractCommercialBanksisanimportantpartofthefinancialsector,depositandloanbusiness,notonlybearthefinancingfunction,andtheburdenofthepaymentandsettlementandsoonmanyfunctions.IncommercialBanksandcreditlossesfromisinfluencedbymanyfactorsexistinginliferiskoruncertainty,thisiscommercialbank,srisk.Accordingtothereasonsoftheriskanalysis,itisgenerallybelievedriskofcommercialbankcreditrisk,interestraterisk,exchangeraterisk,liquidityrisk,operationalriskoroperationalrisk,legalrisk,countryrisk,etc.Amongthem,thecreditriskisthemainriskfacedbycommercialBanks.Generalcreditriskreferstotheriskforeachcustomerdefaulttriggered;Narrowsenseofcreditriskistopointtoabankcannotrecovertheloanprincipalandinterestonscheduleuncertainty,namely,Banksinthecreditexpectedreturncan,trealizethepossibilityoflife.AmericancommercialBanksduetohistoricalreasonsandinstitutionalreasons,non-performingloanratioisgenerallyonthehighside,assetqualityproblemisveryserious,therefore,thecreditriskisVietnamthebiggestriskfacingthecommercialBanks.Keywords:CommercialBanks;Creditrisk;Riskmanagement1LiteraturereviewCommercialbankriskmanagementexperiencesfromtheheadofthetraditionalanalysis,financialratioanalysis,statisticalmethodisappliedtothemodelofquantitativeriskmanagementnowhasgonethroughalonghistoryofmorethan300years,thecreditriskmanagement,riskidentificationandanalysis,resistthestrategyoftherisk,riskmonitoringandearlywarningmethodhasformedtheonewholesettocomplete.Nowmorescience,system,perfectingthecreditriskofawakesriskratingsystemisconcentratedinthewesterndevelopedcountries,inthebank,sriskmanagementpracticesinthesecountriesonthebasisofsummarizingandrefiningofthenewBaselcapitalaccordhasbecomeanationalbankregulatoryreferencestandards.Developedinthe1950sthemodernfinancialtheoryisthetheoreticalbasisofcommercialbankcreditriskmanagement.Mainlyincludes:notes,blackandSchultz'sportfoliomanagementtheoryofoptionpricingtheory,StegerRitzinformationasymmetrytheoryproposedbyandcomplywiththebirthanddevelopmentoffinancialderivativesinthe1970sandputforwardthetheoryofVary(valueatrisk),etc.Untilthe1970s,themeasurementofcreditriskreliesmainlyonthevariousfinancialstatementsprovidethestaticdataandmacroeconomicindicatorsonthecreditofthewindrelativecompetentorqualitativeanalysis.Asitisthecultofthe\c\Sincethe1980s,becauseoftheimpactoftheglobaldebtcrisis,theinternationalbankingisbeguntopayattentiontothepreventionandmanagementofcreditrisk.TheBaselaccordsin1988,andputforwardthecreditriskoftheownershipmanagementway,onthisbasis,thebankingindustrytoformthetraditionalquantitativeanalysisofcreditriskmanagementmethod.Mainlyincludes:creditscoringmethodandneuralnetworkanalysismethod.Sincethe1990s,duetodecliningprofitsandoff-balance-sheetbusinesscommercialbankloansriskincreasing,promptingBankstoadoptamoreeconomicmethodtomeasureandcontrolthecreditrisk,andthedevelopmentofmodernfinancialtheoryofcredittoolinnovation,tocarryoutthenewcreditriskmeasurementmodel.Comparedwiththetraditionalcreditriskmanagementmethods,themoderncreditriskquantitativemodelbasedonmodernfinancetheoryonthebasisoftheanalysisoftheriskandpricing,theintroductionofmathematicalstatistics,systemDingCheng,evenscienceresearchmethods,suchasphysics,thebankfacesavarietyofriskidentification,measurement,methodofadjustingandmonitoringofaseriesofprocedures.Thesemodelsandmethodshasbecomethecurrentbankinginstitutionsinriskandmiscellaneous,competitiveonthemarketforsurvivalanddevelopmentoftheimportantmeanstoprotect.Atpresent,theworld,smostpopularfourkindsofmodernCreditRiskmeasurementmodelisrespectively.MorganbankdevelopmentbasedontheborrowingenterpriseregistrationtransferCreditMetricsmodel,developedbyMoody'sKMVmodelbasedonborrowingenterpriseequitychanges,CreditSuissefopinactuarialscienceprincipleofthedevelopmentofCreditRiskmodel,andMcKinsey&companydevelopmentbasedonmacroeconomicvariablesaffectcorporatedefaultprobabilityofCreditPortfolioViewmodel.CustomersofcommercialbankcreditpolicychoiceintheUnitedStatesChoiceofcreditcustomersisaveryrigorousprocess.AmericancommercialBanksattachesgreatimportancetoindustryanalysis,oneistosetuptheindependentteamresearchindustryandindustry,theycantrackcomprehensiveindustryfundamentals,accordingtotheoveralleconomicdevelopmenttrendandthemainenterpriseintheindustry'sperformancejudgment,todecidetoenterorexit,andcontinuoustrackingstudy;Thesecondisintheprocessofresearchworkinthebusinessmanagementforinstitutionalarrangements.ThecommercialBanksintheprocessofassetmanagementhasthreelevels,namelyinvestmentpolicycommittee,theresearchteamandaportfoliomanager.Assetmanagementdepartmentstudytheresearchersresponsibleforrecommendationhasinvestmentvalueoflistedcompaniesof77companies,afterconsultationwithtraderssubmitaspecialcommitteetochoosearound50kindsofstockstobuyandsell.Thisarrangementisalsosuitableforloanmanagement.BankshaveabatchofCFA,engagedintheindustrymarketanalysis,industryanalysisandcapitaltohelpraisethelevelofscientificdecisionandriskprevention.Investmentbankingindustryresearchteamandcreditbusinessindustryresearchteamareindependentofeachother,independentjudgment;threeisdetailedresearchfieldandresearchcontent.CommercialBankssortofclientsbyindustryintheUnitedStates,eachtypeofcustomersegmentationagainforkeycustomersanddevelopingcustomersandkeepcustomers.FANNIEMAEisequippedwithaspecialhousingpriceresearchdepartment,responsiblefordifferentzipcodearearealestatepricetrendinthefuture.Banksingeneralhasalsoestablishedindustry,industryandcustomerinformationsystem,makesurethereareaccurate,reliableandcontinuousresearchinformation;Fourisasetofmaturemethods.AmericancommercialBanksassetmanagementdivisionformedinmorethan200yearsofinvestmentphilosophyemphasizesthefollowingaspects:panoramicinvestment,emphasisontheinvestmentvalueoftheimpactofeconomic,socialandpoliticalenvironmentwidelyevaluated,thematicanalysisjudgment,carefullyassessthespecificindustry,departmentofindustryandtheaffectedfactorsandpossibleresults,tochooseinvestmentindustriesandenterprises.Thethoroughstudyontheproposedinvestmentcompany,predictstockpricechangetrend;Strictprocess,evaluatetheintrinsicvalueofthetargetpricetobuyandsellproducts.AmericancommercialBanksbyriskmanagementteamisresponsibleforassessingriskandgrowthindustry.Intermsofriskanalysis,mustbefromaglobalperspectiveanalysisofvariousfactorsaffectingindustrialrisk:industrymaturity,cycle,profitability,industryimpactdependency,substituteproductsandregulatoryenvironment.Byrefiningindustrydoortheriskanalysisandevaluationoftheindustry,differentriskweightingofeachindustryisequaltotheBanksintheindustrydepartmentinternalexposuretovariousfields,andusingtheweightedaveragemethodtocalculatetheindustrydepartment,sriskrating,and30sectorsaccordingtotheriskrank.Intradecreditpolicy,thecommercialbanksystemwasstudiedforthebigindustry.Scienceandtechnologyindustry,therealestateindustry,metalsandmining,themediaindustry,industrial,healthcare,governmentandagencyservices,loggingandpackagingindustry,automotiveandtransportationindustry,thefinancialservicesindustry,energyindustry,electronicindustry,nationaldefenseandaerospace,banking,consumerandretailindustry,buildingmaterials,chemicalindustry,capitalandother18industriesinresidentialconstruction.AmericancommercialBankstoindustryhasformedacharacteristicservice,specialcommitment,managementandserviceadvantagetoaccumulate.Atthesametime,inordertodevelopsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisemarket,theindustrysegmentalsocarriedonthethoroughresearch,identifiedthecreditpolicyoftheindustry,includingwastedisposal,homecare,lifehelpequipment,hotels,motels,buildingcontractors,conveniencestores,gasstations,governmentsuppliers,hospitals,realestateinvestors,professionalrealestatedevelopers,housingdevelopers,laypavilion,foodsales,bardrycleaners,autorepairtools,usedcardealers,cardealers,entertainment,sportsvenues,amusementpark,bowlingalley,cinema),etc.AmericancommercialBanksalsostipulatesthelendingindustryisprohibited.AmericancommercialBankscreditriskmanagementmeasuresAmericanlegalprinciplelimitcreditorsbycontrollingtheenterprisetorealizeitsowninterests,creditorscanonlybeacquiredaccordingtovariousenterprisescreditloandecision-making,managementandfinancialinformationbeforehandandmonitoring,andaftertheeventwhenanenterpriseisdifficulttotimelypaymentstoresorttolegalsolution.Therefore,thefactrelationsmorebasedonshort-termtrading.Becauseitcouldnotaccordingtotherelationshipwiththeenterpriselong-termformoreinformation,Bankshavemorepowerthroughtheanalysisoftheborrowingenterprisedealsofdefaultinformation(withalltheBanks,trading),theconditionofmarketvaluedataandfinancialrisk.Bymeansofperfectsocialcreditsystemandthedevelopedcapitalmarket,thecommercialBankscanusemoreaccurateandtimelycust