考研英语二2007-年真题版

.考研英语二2007年真题Section1ICloze<10points>Directions：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage．therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil．Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory,right?DanaDenisisjust40yearsold,but21she'sworriedaboutwhatshecalls'myrollingmentalblackouts.""ItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout,"shesaysYoumay22abouttheselapses,callingthem"seniormoments"orblaming"earlyAlzheimer's<老年痴呆症>．"Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,the23yourememberWell,sortof．Butastimegoesby,wetendtoblameage24problemsthatarenotnecessarilyage-related．"Whenateenagercan'tfindherkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized,"saysPaulGold．"A70-year-oldblamesher25．"Infact,the70-year-oldmayhavebeen26thingsfordecades．Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tworsenas27asmanyofusthink．"Aswe28,thememorymechanismisn't29,"sayspsychologistFergusCraik．"It'sjustinefficient．"Thebrain'sprocessing30slowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactly31.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand32there'slessactivityinthebrain．But,cautionsBarryGordon,"It'snotclearthat1/15

.lessactivityis33．Abeginningathleteiswinded〔气喘吁吁moreeasilythana34athlete．Inthesameway,35thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask,itexpendslessenergyonit."Thereare36youcantaketocompensatefornormalslippageinyourmemorygears,thoughit37effort．MargaretSewellsays："We'reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto38tokeepyourbrain39shape．It'slikehavingagoodbody．YouCan'tgotothegymonceayear40expecttostayintopform."21．A.almostB.seldomC.alreadyD.never22．A.jokeB.laughC.blameD.criticize23．A.muchB.littleC.moreD.less24．A.sinceB.forC.byD.because25．A.memoryB.mindC.troubleD.health26．A.disorganizingB.misplacingC.puttingD.finding27．A.swiftlyB.frequentlyC.timelyD.quickly28．A．matureB.advanceC.ageD.grow29．A.brokenB.poorC.perfectD.working30．A.patternB.timeC.spaceD.information31．A.whyB.howC.whatD.when32．A.sinceB.henceC.thatD.although33．A.irregularB.betterC.normalD.worse34．A.famousB.seniorC.popularD.trained2/15

.35．A.asB.tillC.thoughD.yet36．A.stagesB.stepsC.advantagesD.purposes37．A.makesB.takesC.doesD.spends38．A.restB.comeC.workD.study39．A.toB.forC.onD.in40．A.soB.orC.andD.ifSectionⅢReadingComprehension<40points>Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld'slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popular3/15

.culture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld'speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife.Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.AremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthatWhethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism〔masteryoftwolanguages.Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheresathome,amongfriends,incommunitysettingsandagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing〔同化的forcesofglobalization.Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.4/15

.Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient〔有活力的,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous〔原生的,土著的communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.41.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin__________.A．anincreasinglyinterconnectedworldB．maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakersC．relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunitiesD．followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury42.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis_______.A．uncertainB．unrealisticC．foreseeableD．definite43.Accordingtotheauthor,bilingualismcanhelp_________.A．smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplacesB．homogenizetheworld'slanguagesandculturesC．globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettingsD．speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity44.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit_________.A．makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessary5/15

.B．facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguagesC．raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguagesD．makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages45.Intheauthor'sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare________.A．remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworldB．exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunicationC．quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingoutD．auniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogetherQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Everyone,itseems,hasahealthproblem。AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthService,Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals,longwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythenewchancellor,AngelaMerkel,isunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem.Canada'snewConservativePrimeMinister,StephenHarper,madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountry'slengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworld,affluence,ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome.ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwages,swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy.Ford'sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30.000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofit's"legacy"health-carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.6/15

.Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomers<生育高峰期出生的人>willcrushthegovernment'sfinances,GeorgeBushistounveilareform;planinnextweek'sstate-of-the-unionaddress.America'shealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGDPonhealth,aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage,equivalentto$6,280foreveryAmericaneachyear.Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage.Thankstoanaccidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer,withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.Thiscurioushybrid〔混合物certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americanshavemorechoicethananybodyelse,andtheirhealth-caresystemismuchmoreinnovative.Europeans'billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment〔R&Dforthem.Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses.Theonemostoftencited-especiallybyforeigners-isthearmyofuninsured.Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover.Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceand,iftheyfallseriouslyill,hospitalshavetotreatthem.Butitisstilldeeplyunequal.Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies:bysomemeasures,30%ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted.Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport.ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe"socializedmedicine"ofCanadaandEurope.Infact,evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately,around60%ofAmerica'sheath-carebill7/15

.endsupbeingmetbythegovernment.Proportionately,theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD〔OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentaverage,andthatshareissettogrowasthebaby-boomersrunuptheirMedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth-carecoverage.Americais,ineffect,headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault.46.HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.poorhospitalconditionsinU.K.B.AngelaMerkelunderattackC.healthfinancinginGermanyD.longwaitinglinesinCanada47.Ford'sannouncementofcuttingupto30,000jobsby2012indicatesthatFord_________.A.hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustryB.hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacyC.hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburdenD.owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees48.Intheauthor'sopinion,America'shealthsystemis_________.A.inefficientB.feasibleC.unpopularD.successful49.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________.A.America'shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses8/15

.B.theUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderlyC.some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsuranceD.EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica'smedicalresearch50.fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe"socializedmedicine"is____________.A.apracticeofCanadaandEuropeB.apolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernmentC.intendedfortheretiringbaby-boomersD.administeredbyprivateenterprisesQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica'sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.IhewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,andreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicecharge,Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed:customers,serversandrestaurantowners.Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotipping--astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites.Toopposetipping,itseems,istobeanticapitalist,andmaybeevenalittleFrench..ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping-andit'sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice.Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense."Waitersknowthattheywon'tgetpaidiftheydon'tdoagoodjob"is9/15

.howmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit.Tobesure,thisisatempting,apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory,butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants.MichaelLynn,anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatCornell'sSchoolofHotelAdministration,hasconducteddozensofstudentsoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumersassessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip.Rather,customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled--inotherwords,customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver,notwhentheserviceisgood.Mr.Lynn'sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers,.What'smore,.consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases.Thus,thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall"upwelling":everybottleofimportedwater,everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver'spocket.Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow-key,qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized.Inaddition,thepracticeoftippooling,whichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmight10/15

.havehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreasonableoutcome,youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone.Indeed,thereappeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice.51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice______.A.istipping-freeB.chargeslittletipC.istheauthor'sinitiativeD.isofferedatPer-se52.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor.A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.B.Waitersdon'tcareabouttippingC.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice.53.AccordingtoMichaelLynn'sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey______A.haveperformedgoodserviceB.frequentlyrefillcustomers'waterglassC.wincustomers'favorD.servecustomersofthesamesex54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat"upwelling"<Line2,Para6>probablymeans________A.sellingsomethingupB.sellingsomethingfancyC.sellingsomethingunnecessaryD.sellingsomethingmoreexpensive11/15

.55.Thispassageismainlyabout__________A.reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftippingB.economicsenseoftippingC.consumers'attitudestowardstippingD.tippingforgoodserviceQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:"Ipromise.""Isweartoyouit'llneverhappenagain.""Igiveyoumyword.""Honestly.Believeme."Sure,Itrust.WhynotIteachEnglishcompositionataprivatecollege.Withacertainexcitementandintensity.Ireadmystudents'essays,hopingtofindthepersonbehindthepen.Aseachsemesterprogresses,plagiarism〔剽窃appears.NotonlyismyintelligenceinsultedasoneassumesIwon'tdetectapolishedpieceofprosefromanotherwise-averagewriter,butIfeelasadnessthatastudenthasresortedtobuyingapaperfromapeer.Writershavestyleslikefingerprintsandafterseveralassignments,Icanmatchastudent'sworkwithhisorhernameevenifit'smissingfromtheupperleft-handcorner.Whyislearninglessimportantthanahighergrade-pointaverage〔GPAWhenwe'rethreatenedorsick,wemakeconditionalpromises."IfyouletmepassmathIwill….""Lord,ifyougetmeoverthisbeforethebighomecominggameI'll…."Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises.HumannaturePerhaps,butwedousethatcliché〔陈词滥调togetusoutofuncomfortablebargains.Divineinterferenceduringdistressisasked;gratitudeisunpaid.Afterall,fewfulfillthecontract,sowhyshouldanyonebe12/15

.theexception.WhynotSixyearsago,Itookastudentbeforethedean.HehadturnedinanessaywiththevocabularyandsentencestructureofPhDthesis.Upuntilthattime,bothhisout-of-classandin-classworkwereborderlinepassing.IquestionedthepersonregardinghisessayandhesworeitI'dunderstandthiscopywouldnothavethetimeandattentionanout-of-classpaperisgiven,buthehadalreadyafinishedpiecesoheunderstoodwhatwasasked.Hesatonehour,thenturnedinpartofapageofunskilledwritingandfaultylogic.Iconfrontedhimwithbothessays."Ipromise….,I'mnotlying.IsweartoyouthatIwrotetheessay.I'mjustnervoustoday."TheheadoftheEnglishdepartmentagreedwithmyfinding,andthemeetingwiththedeanhadtheboy'sparentspresent.Afteranhourofdiscussion,touchingoneightoftheboy'spreviousessaysandhisgrade-pointaverage,whichindicatedhewasalreadyonacademicprobation〔留校察看,thedeanagreedthatthestudenthadplagiarized.Hisparentsprotested,"He'sonlyachild"andweinstructorsarewiserandshouldbecompassionate.Collegepeoplearenotreallychildrenandmosttimeswouldresentbeinglabeledassuch….Exceptinthisuncomfortablecircumstance.56.Accordingtotheauthor,studentscommitplagiarismmainlyfor_____.A．moneyB．degreeC．higherGPAD．reputation57.thesentence"Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises'impliesthat_________.13/15

.A．studentsusuallykeeptheirpromisesB．somestudentstendtobreaktheirpromisesC．thepromisesarealwaysbehindthesituationD．we