2022年考研专业综合考试真题及答案64

年考研专业综合考试真题及答案

一、Cloze

1、TheChinaboomisbynowawell-documentedphenomenon.Whohasn't【1】theMiddleKingdom'sastoundingeconomicgrowth(8percentannually},itstremendousconsumermarket(1.2billionpeople),theinvestmententhusiasmofforeignsuitors($40billioninforeigndirectinvestmentlastyear【2】)?Chinaisaneconomicwonder.【3】NicholasLardyoftheBrookingsInstitution,aWashingtonD．C．-basedthinktank,"Nocountry【4】itsforeigntradeasfastasChinaoverthelast20years.Japandoubleditsforeigntradeover【5】period;China'sforeigntradewasquintupled(使成五倍).They'vebecomethepre-eminentproduceroflabor-intensivemanufacturinggoodsintheworld."

Butthere'sbeen【6】fromthedazzlingChinagrowthstory-namely,theChineseImultinational.NomajorChinesecompanieshaveyetestablishedthemselves,ortheirbrands,【7】theglobalstage.Butthingsarenowstartingtochange.【8】100yearsofpovertyandchaos,ofbeingovershadowedbyforeigncountriesandmultinationals,Chineseindustrialcompaniesarestartingtomakeamarkontheworld.

Anewgenerationoflargeandcrediblefirms【9】inChinaintheelectronics,applianceandevenhigh-techsectors.Somehave【10】criticalmassonthemainlandandarenowseekingnewoutletsfortheirproduction-throughexportsandbybuildingChinesefactoriesabroad,chieflyinSoutheastAsia.

(1)

A.listened

B.listenedto

C.heard

D.heardof

2、(2)

A.alone

B.aside

C.along

D.lonely

3、(3)

A.Asfor

B.Asto

C.Judgingby

D.Accordingto

4、(4)

A.hasexpanded

B.didexpand

C.doesexpand

D.expands

5、(5)

A.20-year

B.a20-year

C.20-years

D.a20years

6、(6)

A.somethinglost

B.lostsomething

C.somethingmissing

D.somethingmissed

7、(7)

A.at

B.in

C.over

D.on

8、(8)

A.Before

B.After

C.Since

D.Behind

9、(9)

A.emerge

B.haveemerged

C.hasemerged

D.isemerged

10、(10)

A.reached

B.reachedover

C.reachedout

D.reacheddown

二、ReadingComprehension

1、Lessthan40yearsagointheUnitedStates,itwascommontochangeaone-dollarbillforadollar'sworthofsilver.Thatisbecausethecoinswereactuallymadeofsilver.Butthosedaysaregone.Thereisnosilverintoday'scoins.Whenthepriceofthepreciousmetalrisesaboveitsfacevalueasmoney,themetalwillbecomemorevaluableinotheruses.Silvercoinsarenolongerincirculationbecausethesilverincoinsisworthmuchmorethantheirfacevalue.Asilverfirmcouldfindthatitischeapertoobtainsilverbymeltingdowncoinsthanbybuyingitonthecommoditymarkets.Coinstodayaremadeofanalloyofcheapermetals.

Gresham'sLaw,namedafterSirThomasGresham,arguesthat"goodmoney"isdrivenoutofcirculationby"badmoney".Goodmoneydiffersfrombadmoneybecauseithashighercommodityvalue.

Greshamlivedinthe16thcenturyinEnglandwhereitwascommonforgoldandsilvercoinstobedebased.Governmentsdidthisbymixingcheapermetalswithgoldandsilver.Thegovernmentscouldthusmakeaprofitincoinagebyissuingcoinsthathadlesspreciousmetalthanthefacevalueindicated.Becausedifferentmixingsofcoinshaddifferentamountsofgoldandsilver,eventhoughtheyborethesamefacevalue,somecoinswereworthmorethanothersascommodities.Peoplewhodealtwithgoldandsilvercouldeasilyseethedifferencebetweenthe"good"andthe"had"money.Greshamobservedthatcoinswithahighercontentofgoldandsilverwerekeptratherthanbeingusedinexchange,orweremelteddownfortheirpreciousmetal.Inthemid-1960swhentheU.S.issuednewcoinstoreplacesilvercoins,Gresham'slawwentrightinaction.

WhywasitpossibleforAmericanstouseaone-dollarbillforadollar'sworthofsilver?

A.BecausetherewasalotofsilverintheUnitedStates.

B.Becausemoneywasthemediumofpayment.

C.Becausecoinsweremadeofsilver.

D.Becausesilverwasconsideredworthless.

2、

Today'scoinsintheUnitedStatesaremadeof______.

A.somepreciousmetals

B.silverandsomepreciousmetals

C.variousexpensivemetals

D.someinexpensivemetals

3、

Whatisthedifferencebetween"goodmoney"and"badmoney"?

A.Theyarecirculatedindifferentmarkets.

B.Theyareissuedindifferentfacevalues.

C.Theyaremadeofdifferentamountsofgoldandsilver.

D.Theyhavedifferentuses.

4、

Whatwasthepurposeofthegovernmentsissuingnewcoinsbymixingcheapermetalswithgoldandsilverinthe16thcentury?

A.Theywantedtoreservesomegoldandsilverforthemselves.

B.Therewasneitherenoughgoldnorenoughsilver.

C.Newcoinswereeasiertobemade.

D.Theycouldmakemoney.

5、Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"ice-box"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theice-box,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficientice-boxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebestice-boxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoficethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficientice-box.

Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedanice-boxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisice-box,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.

B.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.

C.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.

D.Sourcesoftheterm"ice-box".

6、

Accordingtothepassage,whendidtheword"ice-box"becomepartoftheAmericanlanguage?

A.In1803．

B.Around1850.

C.DuringtheCivilWar.

D.Before1880.

7、

Theword"rudimentary"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.basic

B.sufficient

C.necessary

D.undeveloped

8、

Thesentence"ThomasMoorehadbeenontherighttrack"(para.3)indicatesthat______.

A.Moore'sfarmwasnotfarawayfromWashington

B.Moore'sfarmwasontherightroad

C.Moore'sdesignwascompletelysuccessful

D.Moorewassuitableforthejob

9、Today,thecomputerhastakenupappliancestatusinmorethan42percentofhouseholdsacrosstheUnitedStates.AndthesecomputersareincreasinglybeingwiredtotheInternet.Onlineaccesswasupmorethan50percentinjustthepastyear.Now,morethanonequarterofallU.S.householdscansurfincyberspace.

Mostly,thisexplosivegrowthhasoccurreddemocratically.Theonlinepenetrationandcomputerownershipincreasesextendacrossallthedemographiclevels-byrace,geography,income,andeducation.

Weviewthesetrendsasfavorablewithouttheslightestquestionbecauseweclearlyseecomputertechnologyasempowering.Infact,personalgrowthandaprosperousU.S.economyareconsideredtobethelong-rangerewardsofindividualandcollectivetechnologicalpower.

Nowforthenot-so-goodnews.Thegovernment'sanalysisspellsoutso-calleddigitaldivide.Thatis,thedigitalexplosionisnotboomingatthesamepaceforeveryone.Yes,itistruethatweareallpluggedintoamuchgreaterdegreethananyofushavebeeninthepast.Butsomeofusaremorepluggedinthanothersandaregettingpluggedinfarmorerapidly.Andthisgapiswideningevenasthepaceoftheinformationageacceleratesthroughsociety.

ComputerownershipandInternetaccessarehighlyclassifiedalonglinesofwealth,race,education,andgeography.Thedataindicatesthatcomputerownershipandonlineaccessaregrowingmorerapidlyamongthemostprosperousandwelleducated:essentially,wealthywhitepeoplewithhighschoolandcollegediplomasandwhoarepartofstable,two-parenthouseholds.

Thehighestincomebrackethouseholds,thoseearningmorethan$75,000annually,are20timesaslikelytohaveaccesstotheInternetashouseholdsatthelowestincomelevels,under$10,000annually.Thecomputerpenetrationrateatthehigh-incomelevelisanamazing76.56percent,comparedwith8percentatthebottomendofthescale.

Technologyaccessdifferswidelybyeducationallevel.Collegegraduatesare16timesaslikelytobeInternetsurfersathomeasarethosewithonlyelementary-schooleducation.Ifyoulookatthedifferencesbetweenthesegroupsinruralareas,thegapwidenstoatwenty-six-foldadvantageforthecollege-educated.

Fromthetimeofthelaststudy,theinformationaccessgapgrewby29percentbetweenthehighestandlowestincomegroups,andby25percentbetweenthehighestandlowesteducationlevels.

Inthelongrun,participationintheinformationagemaynotbeazerosumgame,whereifsomegroupswin,othersmustlose.Eventually,asthetechnologymatureswearelikelytoseepenetrationlevelsapproachallgroupsequally.Thiswastruefortelephoneaccessandtelevisionownership,buteventuallycanbecoldcomfortinanerawhentomorrowisrapidlydifferentfromtodayandunrecognizablecomparedwithyesterday.

HowmanyU.S.householdshavelinkedtoInternettoday?

A.Morethan25percent.

B.By29percent.

C.Morethan42percent.

D.Morethan50percent.

10、

Accordingtothetext,thecomputerusebythehigh-incomelevelis______thatbythelowestincomelevels.

A.8percentmorethan

B.76.56percentmorethan

C.nearly10timesasmanyas

D.about20timesasmanyas

11、

Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpreventspeoplefromgainingaccesstotheInternet?

A.Incomelevel.

B.Pooreducationandlow-incomelevel.

C.Participationintheinformationage.

D.Telephoneaccessandtelevisionownership.

12、

Judgingfromthecontext,whatdoes"digitaldivide"(para.4)probablymean?

A.Thegovernment'sanalysis.

B.Thedividebetweenthepoorandtherich.

C.Thepaceoftheinformationage.

D.Thegapbetweenpeople'saccesstothecomputer.

13、Justoverayearago,Ifoolishlylockedupmybicycleoutsidemyoffice,butforgottoremovethepannier(挂篮).WhenIreturnedthepannierhadbeenstolen.InsideitwereabouttenofthelittlerednotebooksItakeeverywhereforjottingdownideasforarticles,shortstories,TVshowsandthelike.

WhenIlostmynotebooks,Iwasdevastated;alltheideasI'dhadoverthepasttwoyearswerecontainedwithintheirpages.Icouldrememberonlyafewofthem,buthadtheimpressionthatthoseIcouldn'trecallweretrulybrilliant.Thoselittlebookswerecrammedwiththeplotsofaward-winningnovelsandscriptsforradiocomedyshowsthatwereonlytwo-thirdsasbadastheonesonatthemoment.

That'snotall,though.Inmyreminiscence,mylostnotebookscontainedsketchesformanyinnovativeandincrediblemachines.Inonebooktherewasadesignforadevicethatcouldturnseawaterintoapplecider;inanother,planforanautomaticdog;inathird,sketchesforapairofwaterproofshoeswithtelevisionscreensbuiltintothetoes.Nowalloftheseplansarelosttohumanity.

Ifoundmynotebooksagain.Itturnsouttheyweren'tinthebikepannieratall,butinacarrierbaginmyspareroom,whereIfoundsixmonthsaftersupposedlylosingthem.AndwhenIflippedthroughtheirpages,readytoruntothepatentofficeinthemorning,Idiscoveredtheywerecompletelyfullofrubbish.

Discoveringthenotebooksreallyshookmeup.Ihadfirmlycometobelievetheywerebrimmingwithbrilliant,inventivestuff--andyetclearlytheyweren't.Ihaddeludedmyself.

Aftersurveyingmynonsense,Ifoundthatthishaloeffectalwaysattachesitselftothingsthatseemirretrievablylost.Don'tweallhaveasneakingfeelingthattheweatherwassunnier,TVshowsfunnierandcake-shopbunsbunnierinthenot-very-distantpast?

Allthiswouldnotmattermuchexceptthatitisapowerfulelementinreactionarythought,thisbeliefinabetteryesterday.Afterall,racismoftenstemsfromadelusionthatthingshavedeterioratedsince"they"came.Whataboontosocietyitwouldbeifpeoplecouldvisitthepastandseethatitwasn'ttheparadisetheyimaginebutsimplythepresentwithdifferenthats.

Sadly,timetravelisimpossible.

Untilnow,thatis.BecauseI'vesuddenlyrememberedIleftaleatherjacketinanIndonesianrestaurantacouplesofyearsago,andI'mabsolutelycertainthatintheinsidepockettherewasasketchI'dmade...

By"onlytwo-thirdsasbadastheonesonatthemoment",theauthormeans"______".

A.betterthan

B.asbadas

C.worsethan

D.asgoodas

14、

Assoonastheauthorreadthelostnotebooks,he______.

A．reportedthefact

B．founditvalueless

C．registeredtheinventions

D．wasveryexcited

15、

Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Yesterdayisbetter.

B.Yesterdayisnobetterthantoday.

C.Selfdelusionsometimesisnecessary.

D.Thingstodayhavedeteriorated.

16、Atelevisionadfeaturesashipdriftingonatwinklingoceanasthevoice-overintoneswordstothiseffect,"Whenwasthelasttimetheworldrevolvedaroundyou?"WhenevermyhusbandandIseethis,wecan'thelpbutlaugh.Pointingtoourdaughter,weshout,"Whendidn'tit?"

Butit'saruefulchuckle(苦笑).Somehowourfamilydoesrevolvearoundourchild:hersports,herhomework,hersocialcommitments.MyhusbandandIhavelivestoo.It'sjustthatwemustfitthemintowhateverscrapoftimeisleftover.

Somewhereinthelasttwogenerations,weshiftedourfocusfrommarriageasthefamilyfoundationtochildren.It'sbeenasubtlechange,andyouhavetolookcloselytoseeitsimpactonmarriage.

Comparethetimeyourparentsspentexclusivelytogethertotheamountyouandyourmatedo.ParentsofearliergenerationswentoutonSaturdaynights.Today'sfamiliescartthekidstopartieswithfamilyfriends.Isitgoodfortheparentsandkidstobetogether?

Parentsoncesupportedeachother'sneeds,andchildren'spreferencescamesecond."Turnoffthattelevision.Yourfatherdeservessomepeacewhenhecomeshome"and"No,youcan'tsitinthefront.That'syourmother'sseat"wereperfectlyreasonablethingstosay.Manycouplestookhalfanhourattheday'sendtoshareadrinkandconversation.Childrenwereexpectedtoplayindependently.

Bedroomdoorswe