2023年考研外语提分试卷7

考研外语提分试卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobile,changeablething(1)_____toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor(2)_____othercolors(3)_____simultaneously.Itisnot(4)_____initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich(5)_____it.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive(6)_____tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolor,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe(7)_____inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor(8)_____.

Whentheeyeis(9)_____toacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe(10)_____oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea(11)_____.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe(12)_____isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehigherthe(13)_____,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbe(14)_____itspersistenceinthe(15)_____viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,at(16)_____forafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceover(17)_____timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin(18)_____darknessjustpreviously.Also,(19)_____ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecome(20)_____overthewholeeye.

A.liable

B.focusing

C.typical

D.depending

2、(2)

A.with

B.between

C.to

D.upon

3、(3)

A.pursued

B.perceived

C.realized

D.conceived

4、(4)

A.fixed

B.firm

C.bound

D.open

5、(5)

A.creates

B.summons

C.triggers

D.introduces

6、(6)

A.play

B.way

C.rise

D.birth

7、(7)

A.related

B.due

C.devoted

D.close

8、(8)

A.assimilation

B.admission

C.regulation

D.adaptation

9、(9)

A.drawn

B.left

C.exposed

D.subjected

10、(10)

A.sensitivity

B.curiosity

C.decoration

D.impression

11、(11)

A.noticed

B.alarmed

C.neglected

D.tolerated

12、(12)

A.cheer

B.sense

C.gaze

D.thought

13、(13)

A.publicity

B.necessity

C.density

D.intensity

14、(14)

A.bymeansof

B.intermsof

C.withregardto

D.inlinewith

15、(15)

A.transparent

B.succeeding

C.simultaneous

D.proceeding

16、(16)

A.most

B.worst

C.least

D.best

17、(17)

A.brief

B.complete

C.light

D.narrow

18、(18)

A.efficient

B.parallel

C.relative

D.respective

19、(19)

A.regardless

B.despite

C.exclusive

D.because

20、(20)

A.equivalent

B.uniform

C.contrastive

D.complementary

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

KingRichardIIIwasamonster.Hepoisonedhiswife,stolethethronefromhistwoyoungnephewsandorderedthemtobesmotheredintheTowerofLondon.RichardwasasortofAntichristtheKing—"thatbottledspider,thatpoisonousbunch-backedtoad".

Anyway,thatwasShakespeare'sversion.Shakespearedidwhattheplaywrightdoes:heturnedhistoryintoavivid,articulate,organizeddream-repeatablenightly.Heputthecrouchbackonstage,andsoldtickets.

AndwhowouldsaythattherealRichardknowntofamilyandfriendswasnotidenticaltoShakespeare'smemorablyloathsomecreation?TheactualRichardwentdimmingintothepastandvanished.Whenalltheeye-witnessesaregone,theartist'simaginationbeginstotwist.

VariationsontheKingRichardEffectareatworkinOliverStone'sJFK.RichardIIIwasart,butitwaspropagandatoo.ShakespearetookthedetailsofhisplotfromTudorhistorianswhowantedtoblackenRichard'sname.SeveralcenturiespassedbeforeotherhistoriansbegantowriteaboutRichard'svirtuesandsuggestthathemayhavebeenavictimofTudormaliceandwhatisthecleverestconspiracyofall:art.

JFKisalongandpowerfulharangueaboutthedeathofthemanStonekeepscalling"theslainyoungking".WhataretherulesofStone'sgame?IsStonefunctioningascommercialentertainer?Propagandist?Documentaryfilmmaker?Historian?Journalist?Fantasist?Sensationalist?Crazyconspiracymonger?LoneherocrusadingforthetruthagainstacorruptEstablishment?Answer:someoftheabove.

ThefirstsuperficialeffectofJFKistoraiseangrylittlescrupleslikeweltsintheconscience.Wouldn'titbeabsurdifagenerationofyoungerAmericans,withnomemoryof1963,weretoform.theirideasaboutJohnKennedy'sassassinationfromOliverStone'sreportofit?Butworsethingshavehappened—including,perhaps,theWarrenCommissionreport?

Stoneusesasuspect,mixedartform,andJFKraisesthefamiliarethicalandhistoricalproblemsofdocudrama.Butsowhat?Artistshavealwaysusedpubliceventsasrawmaterial,havetakenhistoryintotheirimaginationsandtransformedit.ThefallofTroyvanishedintotheIliad.TheBattleofBorodinofounditsmostmemorablepermanenceinTolstoy'simaginingofitinWarandPeace.

Especiallyinaworldofinsatiableelectronicstorytelling,realhistoryprocreates,endlesslyconjuringnewversionsofitself.Publiclifehasbecomeametaphysicalbreederoffictions.Watergatebecameanalmostcontinuoustelevisionminiseries—althoughitisinterestingthatthemovieofWoodwardandBernstein'sAllThePresident'sMenstayedclosetotheknownfactsand,unlikeJFK,didnotvalidatedarkconjecture.

Shakespeare'screationisusedinthetexttointroduce

A.hispowerfulimaginations.

B.artists'distortionofhistory.

C.hiswell-establishedfame.

D.historians'interestinart.

2、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'scommentsonStone'sorganizationofplots?

A.Bewildering.

B.Superficial.

C.Contradictory.

D.Intricate.

3、

Theword"harangue"(Para.5)connotes

A.corruption.

B.invention.

C.confusion.

D.diffusion.

4、

ItisimpliedthatWarrenCommissionreport

A.isnothingmorethanillusions.

B.livesuptohistorians'expectations.

C.isnotbasedonvalidfacts.

D.fallsvictimtoharshcriticisms.

5、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpubliclife

A.isoftenthestuffforartists'fictions.

B.liesoutsidethefieldofhistory.

C.isthefocusofpublicattention.

D.remainsmemorableatalltimes.

6、FormonthstheJapanesesearchedfitfullyfortherightwordtodescribewhatwashappening.AttheBankofJapan,thenation'scentralbank,officialsspokeof"anadjustmentphase".PrimeMinisteradmittedonlyto"adifficultsituation".TheEconomicPlanningAgency,thegovernment'srecordkeeper,referreddelicatelytoa"retreat".Thentwoweeksago,forthefirsttimesince1997,theagencydroppeditsboilerplatereferencetothe"expansion,fromitscloselywatchedMonthlyEconomicReport,andthewordgamewasover.Japan'seconomy,theworld'ssecondlargest,concededtheexperts,wasinrecession.

Thatadmissionconfirmedthebadnewsbusinessmenhadbeenreadingintheirspreadsheetsforseveralmonths."In2022onemarketafteranotherturnedbad",saysYoshihikoWakamoto,seniorvicepresidentofToshibaCorp.,whichnowadmitsthatitspretaxprofitsforfiscal2022,endingMarch31,maybedownawhopping42%.InApril,whenmanyJapanesecompaniesannouncetheirresultsfor2022fiscalYear,mostwillreportdecliningprofits.BluechipslikeSony,NECandMatsushitahaveallexperienceddropsofover40%inpretaxprofits.Japan'ssecurityhouses,hitbydecliningcommissionsfromafallingstockmarket,willannounceevenmoredramaticdrops.NomuraSecurities,onceJapan'smostprofitablecompany,istalkingaboutan80%declineinprofits.Automanufacturers,banks,airlines,steelcompanies,departmentstores—allareinaslump.

Technically,whatishappeningtotheJapaneseeconomydoesnotmeetAmericancriteriaforarecession,normallydefinedasatleasttwoconsecutivequartersofnegativegrowth.WhileeconomicgrowthhasslowedinJapan,ithasnotceased.Governmenteconomistsarepredictinga3.5%increaseinGNPfor2022.Outsideexpertsarenotsooptimistic.ButnearlyeveryoneagreesthatGNPgrowthinJapanisunlikelytoslipintonegativenumbers,asitdidlastyearintheU.S.andBritain."There'snoquestionthatweareinarecession",pronouncesKunioMiyamoto,chiefeconomistoftheSumitomo-LifeResearchInstitute."Butitisarecession,Japanese-style".

Duringthelasthalfofthe1990s,JapanesecompaniesbasedmuchoftheirexpansionaroundtheworldonthewildlyinflatedvaluesoftheTokyoStockExchangeandJapan'sfrenziedrealestatemarket.Nowboththosemarketshavecollapsed.Andwithlong-terminterestratesupfrom5%to7%,Japanesecompaniesarelessabletosellvastquantitiesofhigh-qualitygoodsatrazor-thinprofitmargins.Addedtothisarepressuresfromshareholdersforagreaterreturnoninvestments,fromJapan'stradingpartnersforrestraintsonitsaggressivetradepractices,andfromitsowncitizensforareductionintheirworkinghourssotheycanenjoythefruitsof40yearsofrelentlesstoil.

Accordingtothewriter,thecurrenteconomicsituationinJapanis

A.muchbetterthanitseems.

B.notasgoodasitseems.

C.nowherenearitsexpansion.

D.atitscrucialpoint.

7、

WelearnfromthetextthatJapanesedefinitionofwhatwashappeninginJapanis

A.skeptical.

B.inflexible.

C.delicate.

D.changeable.

8、

ThedeclineofJapaneseeconomyin2022ismanifestedinthefactthattheJapanese

A.companiespredictedtheirresultsforanotherfiscalyear.

B.autoindustrieswentbankruptinaJapanesestyle.

C.securityhousessufferedgreatlossoftheirprofits.

D.realestatemarketquieteddownafteraboom.

9、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestsubstitutetheword"Technically"(Para.3)withoutchangingitsfunctioninthecontext?

A.Tobeexact.

B.Afterall.

C.Fortunately.

D.Inbrief.

10、

ThewriterseemstoadmitthatJapanesecompaniesgainedgreatprofitsinthe1990smainlybymeansof

A.itsoverseasexpansion.

B.itseconomicplanning.

C.itsworkers'contribution.

D.itshigh-qualitygoods.

11、Eversincetheywerefirststagedin19thcenturyEurope,world'sfairshaveenabledpeoplefromaroundtheglobetovisitwondrouspavilionswheretheycandiscoverdistantlandsandnewtechnologies.The2022world'sfairisnoexception,butitalsohasadecidedlynew-eratwist:thewholeeventhappensincyberspace.

AnonprofitprojectdreamedupbyAmericansCarlMalamud,acomputerconsultant,andVintonCerf,andInternetpioneerandtelecommunicationscompanyVicepresident,theInternet2022WorldExpositionisadigitalworkinprogress,amulti-chamberedforumthatcybernautscanhelpbuildandrenovatethroughouttheyear—andperhapslongafterthefair'sofficialcloseinDecember.

Whilehigh-techpavilionssetupbysponsoringcorporationsarefeaturedprominently,asinrealfairs,thisvirtualexpositioniscloserinspiritandrealitytoavastbustlingbazaar,amarketplaceforthetalentsandofferingsofthousandsofindividualsandsmallgroups.Anyonewithacomputerandamodemcannotonly"attend"butalsoparticipateasanexhibitorbycreatinganindividualmultimediaWebsite.

Gettingthefairupandrunningwasbynomeanseasy.Malamud,36,spentthepastyearshuttlingamong30countries,lobbyingcompaniesthatinitiallydismissedtheprojectasunwieldyandunworkable.Whilesomenationsimmediatelysupportedtheidea,otherscompletelymissedthepointofMalamud'svision:tomakethefairapublic-worksprojectthatfocusesonwhattheInternetcanofferexpertornovice.Oncegrass-rootsgroupsstartedbackingtheproject,though,businesseswerenotfarbehind.Bydonatingequipmentandservices,thesecompanieswillgainaccesstomillionsofpotentialconsumerseagertoseethefirms'latesttechnologies.

Sincetheexposition'sJan.1launch,asmanyas40,000visitorseachdayfrommorethan40countrieshavetriedthemajorWebsites.MostvirtualvisitorslogonfromtheU.SandJapan,buttheUnitedArabEmirates,Sweden,SingaporeandEstoniahavebeenrepresented.Commentsloggedinthefair'sguestbookareoverwhelminglypositive."Wow,theworldisshrinking",wroteavisitorfromtheNetherlands.Sincetheirinitialhesitancy,themajorsponsors-primarilytelecommunicationsandsoftwarecompanies—havebecomefirmbelievers.Beyondthediversityofcontentandinternationalscope,thefairisatechnologicalmarvel.

Thefastestinternationallinkeverinstalled,thispipelinecouldbethefirststeptowardlayingapermanentnetworkthatwilleventuallyhardwireeverynationintheworldintotheInternet.Theorganizershopethattheinfrastructure—andawareness-nurturedbythisexpositionwilllaunchaboominNetuse.

TheorganizersthinksthattheeffectonNetuseofthe2022world'sfairis

A.hardlypositive.

B.dubiously-oriented.

C.quiteinstantaneous.

D.farreaching.

12、

Wecanlearnfromthetextthat

A.publicvisitorsintendedtoreapgreatprofitsinthefair.

B.somecountriesinitiallyhesitatedtosupporttheproject.

C.technologicalprogressusuallyprecedesaneconomicboom.

D.sponsoringcorporationsoncedismissedthetechnology.

13、

Thetechnologicalfairisintendedbyitsorganizerstobe

A.intheinterestsofpublic.

B.forthesakeofexhibitors.

C.atthemercyoffirms.

D.totheprejudiceofusers.

14、

Theexpression"avastbustlingbazaar"(Para.3)bestconnotes

A.eager.

B.diverse.

C.active.

D.spacious.

15、

Inthewriteropinion,thevirtualexpositioninthenewerais

A.profitable.

B.rewarding.

C.fruitless.

D.successful.

16、Itwasthebestoftimesor,dependingonyourpoliticalandphilosophicaloutlook,oneofthefoulestandmostdepraved.Rebellionseemedtobeleapingfromcitytocity,continenttocontinent,bysomefieryprocessofcontagion.RadicalstudentsfilledthestreetsofMexicocity,Berlin,Tokyo,Prague.IntheU.S.,ChicagoswirledintonearanarchyascopsbattledantiwardemonstratorsgatheredattheDemocraticConvention.AndeverywherefromAmsterdamtoHaight-Ashbury,agenerationwasgettinghigh,actingup.

So,clearly,itwastheyearfromhell—acollective"diveintoextensivesocialandpersonaldysfunction",astheWallStreetJournaleditorializedrecently.Or,dependingagainonyouroutlook,aglobalbreakthroughforthehumanspirit.Onthis,the25thanniversaryof1968,probablytheonlythingwecanallagreeonisthat68marksthebeginningofthe"culturewars",whichhavedividedAmericaeversince.

Boththesidesofthe"culturewars"ofthe'80sand'90hecriticalyearof'68.Thekeyissuesaredifferentnowabortionandgayrights,forexample,asopposedtoVietnamandracism—buttheunderlyingthemesstillechotheclashesof'68:Diversityvs.conformity,traditionvs.iconoclasm,self-expressionvs.deferencetonorms."Questionauthority",inotherwords,vs."Fatherknowsbest".

The25thanniversaryof'68isagoodtimetoreflect,calmlyandphilosophically,onthesedeep,underlyingchoices.Ononehandweknowthatanti—authoritarianismforitsownsakeeasilydegeneratesintoarudeandunfocuseddefiance:Revolution,asAbbieHoffmanputit,"forthehellofit".Certainly'68haditswretchedexcessesaswellasitsmomentsofglory:thepersonaltragedyoflivesundonebydrugsandsex,theheavycostofriotsanddestruction.Onemighteasilyconcludethattheancientrulesandhierarchiesarethereforareason—they'reworked,moreorless,foruntoldmillenniums,sothere'snopointinchangingthemnow.

Butit'salsotruethatwhat"worked"forthousandsofyearsmaynotbethebestwayofdoingthings.Democracy,afterall,wasonceafar-out,subversivenotion,condemnedbykingsandpriests.Inourowncountry,ittookallkindsofhell-raising,includingawar,togetacrossthesimplenotionthatnopersonismorallyentitledtoownanother.Onegeneration'shallowedtradition—slavery,orthedivinerightofkings—maybeanothergeneration'sobjectlessoninhumanfolly.

'68wasonemoreawkward,stumbling,halfstepforwardinwhatDutschkecalledthe"longmarch"towardhumanfreedom.Actually,ithelpedinspiretheworldwidefeministmovement.

DifferentgenerationsofAmericansmaybebestdividedwithregardto

A.theirworldoutlook.

B.long-heldtraditions.

C.theirownprivileges.

D.socialinstitutions.

17、

Fromthetextwelearnthatthe'68Warwasbestcharacterizedby

A.irrationalnotions.

B.globalbreakthroughs.

C.violentclashes.

D.personaltragedies.

18、

TheviewsofHoffmanandDutschkeonrebellionare

A.parallel.

B.similar.

C.identical.

D.opposite.

19、

Towhichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagree?

A.Awarbringswithitnothingbutdestruction.

B.Itiswisetoseethe'68Warintoperspective.

C.Revolutionleavesanewgenerationactingup.

D.Ancientrulesarebyallmeansreasonable.

20、

Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheissueis

A.impartial.

B.subjective.

C.biased.

D.puzzling.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

ThemaplesmokeofautumnbonfiresisincensetoCanadians.Bestowingperfumeforthenose,colorfortheeye,sweetnessforthespringtongue,thesugarmaplepromptsthissharingofafavoritemythandoriginaletymologyofthewordmaple.

ThemapleloomslargeinOjibwafolktales.Thetimeofyearforsugaring-offis"intheMapleMoon".AmongOjibwa,theprimordialfemalefigureisNokomis,awisegrandmother.

(41)______.

Knowingthiswasspursuittothedeath,Nokomisoutsmartedthecolddevils.Shehidinastandofmapletrees,allredandorangeanddeepyellow.Thismaplegrovegrewbesideawaterfallwhosemistblurredthetrees'outline.Astheypeeredthroughthemist,slaveringwendigosthoughttheysawaragingfireinwhichtheirpreywasburning.

(42)______.

Fortheirserviceinsavingtheearthmother'slife,thesemaplesweregivenaspecialgift:theirwateroflifewouldbeforeversweet,andCanadianswouldtapitfornourishment.

(43)______.

ThecontentionthatmaplesyrupisuniquetoNorthAmericaissuspect,Ibelieve.Chinahascloseto10speciesofmaple,morethananycountryintheworld.Canadahas10nativespecies.NorthAmericadoeshappentobehometothesugarmaple,thespeciesthatproducesthesweetestsapandthemostabundantflow.

ButarewetobelievethatinthousandsofyearsofChinesehistory,theseinventivepeoplenevertappedamapletotasteitssap?Ispeculatethattheydid.

(44)______.

Whatiscertainisthemaple'sholdfastonournationalimagination.IsleafwasadoptedasanembleminNewFranceasearlyas1700,andinEnglishCanadabythemid-19thcentury.Inthefallof1867,aTorontoschoolteachernamedAlexanderMuirwastraipsingatstreetathecity,allsquelchyunderfootfromthesoftfeltoffallingleaves,whenamapleleafalightedtohiscoatsleeveandstuckthere.

Theword"maple"isfrom"mapeltreow",theOldEnglishtermformapletree,with"mapl"—asitsProto-Germanicroot,acompoundinwhichthefirst"m"—is,Ibelieve,thenearlyworldwide"ma",oneofthefirsthumansounds,thepursingofababy'slipsasitpreparestosuckmilkfrommother'sbreast.The"ma"rootgivesriseinmanyworldlanguagestothousandsofwordslike"mama","mammary","maia",and"Amazon".Hereitwouldmake"mapl-"mean"nourishingmothertree",thatis,treewhosemaplesapinnourishing.

(45)______.

A.Thesecondpartofthecompound,"apl-",isavariantofIndo-Europeanable"fruitofanytree"andtheoriginofanotherEnglishfruitword,apple.Sotheprimitiveanalogycomparestheliquidsapwithanothernourishingliquid,mother'smilk.

B.Inonetaleaboutseasonalchange,cannibalwendigos-creaturesofevil-chasedthroughtheautumncountrysideoldNokomis,whowasasymbolforfemalefertility.Wendigosthroveinicycold.Whentheyenteredthebodiesofhumans,thehumanheartfrozesolid.

C.Herewendigosrepresentoncomingwinter.TheywerehuntingtokillandeatpoorNokomis,thewarmembodimentoffemalefecunditywho,likethesummer,hasgrownold.

D.CouldProto-AmericaswhocrossedtheBeringlandbridgetopopulatetheAmericashavebroughtwiththemaknowledgeofmaplesyrup?IsthereaveryoldChinesephraseformaplesyrup?IsmaplesyrupmentionedinChineseliterature?Foranon-readerofChinese,suchquestionsaredauntingbutnotimpossibletoanswer.

E.MapleanditssyrupflowsweetlyintoCanadianhumor.Quebeckershavedevel

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

TheTheoryofContinentalD