施心远主编听力教程4答案Unit3

AListeningCourse4施心远主编《听力教程》4(第2版)答案Unit3SectionOne:TacticsforListeningPart1:ListeningandTranslation1.Girlsscorehigherthanboysinalmosteverycountry.几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。2.Differencesbetweenmalesandfemalesareacontinuingissueoffiercedebate.男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。3.Culturalandeconomicinfluencesplayanimportantpart..文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。4.Butrecentfindingssuggestthattheanswermaylieindifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。5.Theseincludedifferencesinlearningrates.这些包括学习速度上的差异。SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueExercise:Listentothedialogueandfillingtheblankswiththemissinginformation.SerenadingServicewasfoundedthreeyearsagowhenthesingerrealizethatBritishpeopleweredesperateforromance.Hethoughttherewouldbeaclienteleforahiredserenader.TheideacamefromhisstudiesofRenaissancemusic,whichisfullofserenades.Overthecenturies,universitystudentshaveturnedtheserenadeintoanartformforhire.Usuallyheishiredbymentosinglovesongstowomen.Occasionallyheisaskedtosingtomen.Theserviceisreallyaformofintimatealfrescotheatrewithlovesongs.HeusuallywearsawhitetieandtailsandsingsamorousItaliansongs.Hewillcarrychocolateheartsorflowersandwhenthereisnobalconyavailablehewillsingfromortreesfireescapes!Thefeedependsonwhetheramusiciancomesalongornot.Thebasicrateis£450butitcancostalotmoreespeciallyifhetakesagondolaandagroupofmusiciansalong.Somepeoplearesomovedthattheyburstintotears,butsomereactbadly.Theytrytofindoutasmuchastheycanabouttheirclientstoavoidunpleasantsituations.Theyhavetobeverycarefulthesedaysbecauseaserenadecanbecompletelymisinterpreted.Part2PassageEx.A.Pre-listeningQuestionWhatmemorystrategiesdoyouknowthatcanhelpyourememberthingsbetter?1)Brainprioritizesbymeaning,valueandrelevance.2)Yourattitudehasmuchtodowithwhetheryouremembersomethingornot.3)Yourunderstandingofnewmaterialsdependsonwhatyoualreadyknow.4)Youcanlearnandrememberbetterifyoucangroupideasintosomesortofmeaningfulcategoriesorgroups.5)Thebrain'squickestandprobablythelongest-lastingresponseistoimages.6)Memoryisincreasedwhenfactstobelearnedareconsciouslyassociatedwithsomethingfamiliartoyou.Ex.B:SentenceDictation1.Mnemonicsaremethodsforrememberinginformationthatisotherwisequitedifficulttorecall.2.Ourbrainsevolvedtocodeandinterpretcomplexstimulisuchasimages,colors,structures,sounds,smells,tastes,touch,positions,emotionsandlanguage.3.Whilelanguageisoneofthemostimportantaspectsof

humanevolution,itisonlyoneofthemanyskillsandresourcesavailabletoourminds.4.Associationisthemethodbywhichyoulinkathingtoberememberedtoawayofrememberingit..5.Locationgivesyoutwothings:acoherentcontextintowhichyoucanplaceinformation,andawayofseparatingonemnemonicfromanother.Ex.C:DetailedListening.1.Mnemonicsaretoolswhichcanhelpyoutoimproveyourmemory.T.(Memorytoolscanhelpyoutoimproveyourmemory."Mnemonic"isanotherwordformemorytool.)2.Thefundamentalprincipleofmnemonicsistomakefulluseofthebestfunctionsofthebraintostoreinformation.T(Thebasicprincipleofmnemonicsistouseasmanyofthebestfunctionsofyourbrainaspossibletostoreinformation.)3.Informationwehavetorememberisalmostalwayspresentedindifferentways.F(Unfortunatelyinformationwehavetorememberisalmostalwayspresentedinonlyoneway--aswordsprinted

onapage.)4.Wecandofourthingstoformstrikingimages,whichwillhelptomakeourmnemonicsmorememorable.T(Usepositive,pleasantimages;usevivid,colorful,sense-ladenimages;useallyoursensestocodeinformationordressupanimage;giveourimagethreedimensions,movementandspace.)5.Thereisonebasicprincipleintheuseofmnemonics.F(Therearethreefundamentalprinciplesunderlyingtheuseofmnemonics:imagination,associationandlocation)6.Associationiswhatweusetocreateandstrengthenimagination.F(Imaginationiswhatyouusetocreateandstrengthentheassociationsneededtocreateeffectivemnemonics.)7.YoucanchoosetheimageryinyourmnemonicsasyoulikeT(Theimageryyouuseinyourmnemonicscanbeasviolent,vivid,orsensualasyoulike,aslongasithelpyoutoremember.)8.Youcancreateassociationsbylinkingthingsusingthesamestimuli.T.(Youcancreateassociationsbylinkingthemusingthe

samecolor,smell,shape,orfeeling.)Ex.D:After-listeningDiscussion1.Whatisthebasicprincipleofmnemonics?Whycanweimproveourmemorybyfollowingtheprinciple?Touseasmanyofthebestfunctionsofyourbrainaspossibletostoreinformation.Evolvedtocodeandinterpretcomplexstimuli.Usethesetomakesophisticatedmodelsoftheworld.Ourmemoriesstorealloftheseeffectively.However,informationispresentedinonlyoneway.Languageisonlyoneofthemanyskillsandresourcesavailabletoourminds.Bycodinglanguagesandnumbersinstrikingimages,/canreliablecodebothinformationandstructureofinformation.Theneasilyrecalltheselater.2.Whyisagoodmemoryimportanttous?Open.SectionThreeNewsNewsItem1Ex.A:Summarizethenews

ThisnewsitemisabouttheSomalipirates’strike.Ex.B:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthequestions.1.WhetherthislatestattemptedhijackingwasthepromisedrevengeforthekillingofthreeSomalipiratesbytheUSnavyisn'tclear.2.No,thepirateshaven’tbeendeferred.3.BecausethefinancialrewardsforasuccessfulhijackingremainsogreatandSomaliaremainssolawless.4.Atanyonetimethereareonlyfifteentoeighteeninternationalwarshipsintheareatopoliceanexpanseofseacoveringmorethanamillionsquarekilometres.5.Itmaybebecauseoftherelativelysmallscaleoftheproblem.TapescriptofNewsItemOne:Thepiracyproblemlookslikeit'sheretostaydespitetherecentmuscularinterventionsbytheFrenchandAmericannavies.WhetherthislatestattemptedhijackingwasthepromisedrevengeforthekillingofthreeSomalipiratesbytheUSnavyisn'tclear.Butitdoessuggestattheveryleastthatthepirateshaven'tbeendeterred.Sowhydoestheproblempersist?PutsimplymaritimesecurityanalystssaypiracywillcontinueaslongasthefinancialrewardsforasuccessfulhijackingremainsogreatandSomaliaremainssolawless.Certainlytheinternationalefforttothwarttheproblemisrelativelylimited.Atanyonetimethereareonlyfifteentoeighteeninternationalwarshipsintheareatopoliceanexpanseofseacoveringmorethanamillionsquarekilometres.Althoughithasbeensuggestedthatraidscouldbemountedonthepirates'hometowns,itseemsunlikelythere'llbeanymajorincreaseinthemilitaryeffortunlessthere'saspectacularhijackinginvolvingthedeathsofmanycrewmembers.Thereluctancetomountamajorinternationalnavaloperationintheareamayalsobedowntotherelativelysmallscaleoftheproblem.Lastyear,accordingtofiguresfromtheInternationalMaritimeBureau,nearlytwentythreethousandshipspassedthroughtheGulfofAden.Onlyninetytwowerehijacked.RobWatson,BBCNewsNewsItem2

Ex.A:ListentothenewsandcompletethesummaryThisnewsitemisaboutObama’smilitaryplaninAfghanistan.Ex.B:Trueorfalse.ThePresidentisconsideringleavingAfghanistan.1.F.(ThePresidentismakingitclearthatleavingAfghanistanisnotanoption.)2.Obamawouldn’tshrinkthenumberoftroopsinAfghanistan,neitherwouldhedeploymoremilitarytroops.T.3.PresidentObamathoughthisassessmentwouldbe"rigorousanddeliberate".T.4.OpinionsagainstObamaarenotheard.F.(…someRepublicansandmembersofthePresident'sownpartyaredubiousaboutcommittingmoreresourcesandmilitarypersonneltoaconflictwherethereisnoendinsight.)5.TheconflictinAfghanistanseemstobeoversoon.F.(…aboutcommittingmoreresourcesandmilitarypersonneltoaconflictwherethereisnoendinsight.)6.AfghanistancanbethesecondVietnam.T.(Theword'Vietnam'isheardmoreandmoreonCapitolHill.)ScriptofNewsItemTwo:ThePresidentismakingitclearthatleavingAfghanistanisnotanoption.It'snotonthetable.AccordingtooneWhiteHousesource,hetoldthemeetingthathewouldn'tshrinkthenumberoftroopsinAfghanistanoroptforastrategyofmerelytargetingal-Qaedaleaders.Buthewouldn'tbedrawnonthemilitaryrequestformoretroops.Thereappearstobeafrustrationthatthereviewofstrategyhassometimesbeenportrayedinblack-and-whitetermsofamassiveincreaseorreductionoftroopnumbers.PresidentObamatoldthegroupmadeupofthemostseniorRepublicanandDemocratsenatorsandcongressmenthathisassessmentwouldbe"rigorousanddeliberate".Butit'sgoingontoolongforsomeRepublicansandmembersofthePresident'sownpartyaredubiousaboutcommittingmoreresourcesandmilitarypersonneltoaconflictwherethereisnoendinsight.Theword'Vietnam'isheardmoreandmoreonCapitolHill.ThePresidentwascertainlyrightwhenhesaidhisfinal

decisionwouldn'tmakeeveryoneintheroom,orthecountry,happy.MarkMardell,BBCNews,WashingtonNewsItem3Ex.A:ListenandsummarizethenewsitemThisnewsitemisaboutfragilepeacethatreturnstoGaza.Ex.B:Listenagainandfillintheblanks.Thereweretrafficjamsontheroadnorth,familiesheadingtoGazaCitytoreunitewithfriendsandrelatives.LonglinesofcarsbackedupatthemakeshiftroadblockstheIsraelishaveleftbehind.Butthetanksaregone,onlythedeeptracksremain.TherewerebuildingspittedwithIsraelitankrounds;fromtheholesthathavebeenpunchedinthewallsitwascleartherehadalsobeensniperswaitingforthem.NorthofKhanYouniswesawsomeoftheQassamfightersreturninghome,theirriflesslunglazilyaroundtheirshoulders.ForthreeweekstheIsraelispoundedthetunnelsthatrunbeneaththeperimeterwallbutlastnightwemetpeoplewhoinsistthatsomeofthesetunnelsarestillopenandstillsomefuelisbeingpumpedfromtheEgyptiansider.Ifthebordercrossingsremainclose,saythePalestinians,thesetunnelsaretheironlylinktotheoutsideworld.ScriptofNewsItem3Thereweretrafficjamsontheroadnorth,familiesheadingtoGazaCitytoreunitewithfriendsandrelatives.LonglinesofcarsbackedupatthemakeshiftroadblockstheIsraelishaveleftbehind.Butthetanksaregone,onlythedeeptracksremain.TherewerebuildingspittedwithIsraelitankrounds;fromtheholesthathavebeenpunchedinthewallsitwascleartherehadalsobeensniperswaitingforthem.NorthofKhanYouniswesawsomeoftheQassamfightersreturninghome,theirriflesslunglazilyaroundtheirshoulders.Thedestructionwe'veseenhaslargelybeeninflictedontheHamasinfrastructure:policestations,militaryoutposts,governmentbuildings,sofarthemostextensivedamage-thatattheborderinRafahwherenothingwasspared.ForthreeweekstheIsraelispoundedthetunnelsthatrunbeneaththeperimeterwallbutlastnightwemetpeoplewhoinsistthatsomeofthesetunnelsarestillopenandstillsomefuelisbeingpumpedfromtheEgyptianside;impossibleforustoverifyindependently,buttheysaytheyaredeterminedtoreopenthemandtodigthemdeeper.Ifthebordercrossingsremainclose,saythePalestinians,thesetunnelsaretheironlylinktotheoutsideworld.ChristianFraser,BBCNews,GazaSectionFourPart1FeaturereportExerciseA:ThisnewsreportisabouttherecreationoftheprehistoricworldinLiaoning,China,basedonthescientificfindingsonfossilsdiscoveredthere.ExerciseB:1.35prehistoricanimalswerecreated.2.Theyrecreatedtheextinctbeaststhroughthemarriageofscience,artandtechnology.3.Theexhibitisnotbehindtheglassorotherwiseenclosed,sovisitorsareeyetoeyewithextinctbeasts.Itisdisplayedinthiswaysothatvisitorswillfeelasifthey’vesteppedintoaChineseforest130millionyearsinthepast.4.Hesaysit’saccuratebecauseeverysingleplant,everyinsect,everyorganicfeatureinitactuallyrepresentssomethingthathasbeenfoundasafossilinnortheasternChina.5.Theonlythingscientistshadtomakeupiswhatcolorsomeoftheanimalswere.6.AccordingtoMichaelNovacek,birdsarelivingdinosaurs.7.Theystudythemovementsofcommonplaceturkeys,chickensandostrichestolearnhowsimilarly-builtdinosaurswouldstandorwalk.8.Byusinghigh-techimagery,fossils,andtheknowledgegainedfromthebiologyofbarnyardanimals,scientistsnowestimatethegiantT-Rexcouldreachspeedsof16kilometersperhour,farslowerthatthemorethan70kilometersperhourpreviouslythought.Script：DinosaurDiscoveriesMadePossiblethroughArt,Technology,ModernLivestockTherollinghillsofaprovinceinnortheasternChinaarenowterracedforfarming,butbeneaththatfarmlandarecluestoaprehistoricworldunlikeanyseenbyhumaneyes-untilthisweek.Some130millionyearsafterdinosaursroamedtheLiaoningforest,theworldhasbeenpainstakinglyrecreatedinNewYorkCity'sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory.Thesoundoftheprehistoricforestisoneofthefewthingsthathasbeenimaginedinthis65square-meterdiorama.Thegingkoleaves,pineytreesandlife-sizedmodelsof35prehistoricanimalswerecreatedthroughthemarriageofscience,artandtechnology,aseverydetail,downtothesleepingposeofadinosaur,isbasedonscientificfindings.Theexhibitisnotbehindglassorotherwiseenclosed,sovisitorsareeye-to-eyewithextinctbeasts,feelingasifthey'vesteppedintoaChineseforest130millionyearsinthepast.MarkNorellisapaleontologistwhohasworkedinLiaoning,searchingforcluestorecreatethisprehistoricworld."It'saccuratebecauseeverysingleplant,everyinsect,everyorganicfeatureinitactuallyrepresentssomethingthathasbeenfoundasafossilinnortheasternChina,"heexplained,"sotheonlythingthatwehadtosortofmakeupalittlebitiswhatcolorsometheanimalswere.Eventhoughweknowsomeofthemewerepatterned,butweknowdefinitelythattheywerepatterned,becausewecanseethatisthesofttissueremains,butwedon'tknowwhatcolortheywerebutwetrytobealittleconservativeinthatregard,butneverthelessallthefeathersyousee,alltheweirdtailstructuresyousee,isallstuffwefoundasfossils."Underneaththegingkotrees,afeatheredbird-likedinosaurchasesontwolegsafteralargewingedinsect,thedinosaur'sbeak-likemouthopentorevealrowsofjaggedteeth.Asleepingdinosaurtucksitsheadbeneathitsarm,muchasamoderngoosetucksitsheadbeneathitswing.Themuseum'scuratorofpaleontology,MichaelNovacek,explainsthatitisnecessarytounderstandbirdsinordertobetterunderstandextinctcreatures."Thereasonbirdsaresoimportanttousisreallyafactweweren'tsoawareof10,20yearsagoisthatbirdsarelivingdinosaurs.They'renotjustrelatedtodinosaurs.Theyaredinosaurs,"hestressed."They'reabranchofdinosaurs,soconvenientlyenoughdinosaursdidn'tgocompletelyextinct.Onegroup,thebirds,survived."Scientistsstudythemovementsofcommonplaceturkeys,chickensandostrichestolearnhowsimilarlybuiltdinosaurswouldstandorwalk.ResearchersevencreatedacomputermodelofagiantchickentolearnmoreaboutthemovementsoftheeverpopularTyrannosaurusRex.Byusinghightechimagery,fossils,andtheknowledgegainedfromthebiologyofbarnyardanimals,scientistsnowestimatethegiantT-Rexcouldreachspeedsof16kilometersperhour,farslowerthanthemorethan70kilometersperhourpreviouslythought.Thesescientificfindingsarepassedalongtomodeldesigners,suchasthecreatorofasix-foot-longmechanicalT-Rex,ahighlightofthenewexhibit.Themenacingskeleton'stailswaysanditsheadbobsastheextinctdinosaurshiftsitsweight,ploddinginplace-yetanotherexampleofthenever-before-seenbecomingaltogetherrealwhenscienceandtechnologymeetart.Part2PassageExerciseB1.Thegoalofthisstudywastodeterminewhattypeof“gaze”isrequiredtohavethiseffect.2.TheQueen’sstudyshowedthatthetotalamountofgazereceivedduringagroupconversationismoreimportantthanwhentheeyecontactoccurs.3.Theeyecontactexperimentusedcomputer-generatedimagesformactorswhoconveyeddifferentlevelsofattention.4.Theresearchersconcludedthatpeopleingroupdiscussionswillspeakupmoreiftheyreceiveagreateramountofeyecontactfromothergroupmembers.5.Theeffectofeyegazehasliterallyfascinatedpeoplethroughouttheages.6.ExerciseC1.A2.D3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.BExerciseD1.Theeyecontactexperimentusedcomputer-generatedimagesfromactorswhoconveyeddifferentlevelsofattention(gazingatthesubject,gazingattheotheractor,lookingaway,andlookingdown).Theseimageswerepresentedtothesubjects,whobelievedtheywereinanactualthree-wayvideoconferencingsituation,attemptingtosolvelanguagepuzzles.Twoconditionswerestudied:synchronized(whereeyecontactismadewhilethesubjectisspeaking)andrandomcontact,receivedatanytimein

theconversation.Theresearchersconcludedthatpeopleingroupdiscussionswillspeakupmoreiftheyreceiveagreateramountofeyecontactfromothergroupmembersandthetotalamountofgazereceivedduringagroupconversationismoreimportantthanwhentheeyecontactoccurs.2.Open.Script:EyeContactShownToAffectConversationPatterns,GroupProblem-SolvingAbilityNotingthattheeyeshavelongbeendescribedasmirrorsofthesoul,aQueen'scomputerscientistisstudyingtheeffectofeyegazeonconversationandtheimplicationsfornew-agetechnologies,rangingfromvideoconferencingtospeechrecognitionsystems.Dr.RoelVertegaal,whoispresentingapaperoneyegazeataninternationalconferenceinNewOrleansthisweek,hasfoundevidencetosuggestastronglinkbetweentheamountofeyecontactpeoplereceiveandtheirdegreeofparticipationingroupcommunications.Eyecontactisknowntoincreasethenumberofturnsapersonwilltakewhenpartofagroupconversation.Thegoalofthisstudywastodeterminewhat

typeof"gaze"(lookingataperson'seyesandface)isrequiredtohavethiseffect.Twoconditionswerestudied:synchronized(whereeyecontactismadewhilethesubjectisspeaking)andrandomcontact,rec