2022研究生入学统一考试试题及解析（英语一）

研究生入学统一考试试题及解析（英语一）2022讨论生入学统一考试试题（英语一）

Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelatedasfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.

While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.

Theteamalsodevelopedafriendshipscorewhichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.

Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13thanfunctionalkinshipofbeingfriendswith14!

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.

Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeoples18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.

1AwhatBwhyChowDwhen

2AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised

3AforBwithCbyDon

4AseparatedBsoughtCcomparedDconnected

5AtestsBobjectsCsamplesDexamples

6AinsignificantBunexpectedCunreliableDincredible

7AvisitBmissCknowDseek

8AsurpassBinfluenceCfavorDresemble

9AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus

10AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps

11AaboutBtoCfromDlike

12AlimitBobserveCconfuseDdrive

13AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith

14AchancesBresponsesCbenefitsDmissions

15AfasterBslowerClaterDearlier

16AforecastBrememberCexpressDunderstand

17AunpredictedBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive

18AtendencyBdecisionCarrangementDendeavor

19ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic

20AseeBshowCproveDtell

答案解析

1、Awhat本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚高校和耶鲁高校在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的讨论成果。第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。

2、Bconcluded本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚高校和耶鲁高校在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的讨论成果。其次个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。

3、Don本句前半句的句意是：这项讨论是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。考察Conducton词组，进行。从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘伴侣和生疏人进行比较。

4、Ccompared比较，依据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。

5、Csamples词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。

6、Ainsignificant词义题，1%，以及后面的notso转折，推断，Ainsignificant不显著，为最佳选项。

7、Cknow句意为：一些人虽然并不熟悉他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的伴侣却和这些亲戚颇有相像之处。

8、Dresemble词义题，和上一个空形成转折。

9、Balso上下文规律题，发觉了，还发觉了。Also为最佳选项。

10、DPerhaps结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接缘由，缘由可能是最符合文章大意。

11、Bto介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发觉的，这个因素不仅把我们带到具体的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。

12、Ddrive词义题，依据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们drive为最佳选项。

13、Bratherthan规律题，基因上相像的，功能上相像的，二者对立不能同时存在，ratherthan不是而是最符合。

14、Cbenefits跟功能搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。

15、Afaster词义题，依据后半句解释，这就是为什么pickedpace加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。

16、Dunderstand词义题，这个讨论可以关心我们理解一个事实。

17、Bcontributory本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。Contributory贡献，最佳。

18、Atendency结合文章主旨，选择基因相像的人做伴侣是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。

19、Cethnic同义替换，基因背景相像，种族的，民族的，最符合。

20、Asee本句意为：尽管全部的讨论对象都取自欧洲血统，讨论者也花心思确保了全部（用于比对的）伴侣和生疏人也源自该血统中的同一支系。

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabovemerepoliticsandembodyaspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.

21、accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan

[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

[C]endedhisreigninembarrassment

[D]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

22、monarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

[B]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

[C]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

[D]Thenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyalshavemosttofearbecauseCharles

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

[D]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

解析：

21Dendedhisreigninembarrassment

此题属于细节题。

依据关键词KingJuanCarlosofSpain定位到第一段第一和其次句。Butembarrassingscandalshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.此处standdown译为放弃席位。因此Dendedhisreigninembarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。

22Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

此题属于细节题。

依据关键词定位到第三段第一句itisthisapparentthatexplainsasheadsofstate.和第三句Butunliketheirabsolutistmostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfor...respectedpublicfigure.绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避开了查找受人敬重的公众人物的麻烦。因此Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus是原文内容的同义替换。

23Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

此题属于细节题。

依据关键词定位到第四段最终一句话itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates惊奇的是有钱的贵族家庭仍旧处于现代民主国家的核心地位。因此Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies是原文内容的同义替换。

24Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised

此题属于细节题。

依据关键词havemostoffear定位到第六段，Charles定位到最终一段的地二句Charles后面who引导定语从句whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandworld因此Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised是原文内容的同义替换。

25CCarlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

此题属于全文主旨题。

着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs绽开。第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临的危机。因此Carlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs是全文内容的精确概括。

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone--avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.ThecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing,meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscomparableto

[A]gettingintoonesresidence.

[B]handingoneshistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningonescorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughoneswallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

T2

26答案Bchecksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

解析：细节题。依据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。依据题干关键词supremecourt，whether精确定位到第一段最终一句whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephone.，与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的状况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。留意A选项应是searchcontents。

27答案Cdisapproval

解析：态度题。依据题干Californiasargument定位到其次段最终一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到hardrecklesslymodest等负向词，表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D马虎。

28答案Agettingintoonesresidence

解析：细节题。题干问：认为搜寻电话薄就相当于什么？依据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处，提到Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.与选项对应，A中的residence对应home，是原文的同意替换。留意D选项不是的观点，不能将文中人物观点当作观点。

29答案Dcitizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected

解析：细节题。依据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问最关注的是什么，即是相应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到，应实行措施爱护数据隐私；6段又连续陈述原则的不恰当之处。依据这些内容，对应答案D市民隐私未能得到有效爱护。

30答案BNewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

解析：例证题。题干问的是引用OrinKerr的目的是什么，即OrinKerr是论据，其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.与选项对应，就是Bnewtechnology是原词复现，require等同于demands，reinterpretationoftheConstitution同义替换applicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections。

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournalsinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:ThecreationofthestatisticsboardwasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofSciencesoveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardtoplayprimarilyanadvisoryrole.HeagreedtojoinbecausehefoundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephraseflaggedup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseSciencescirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

A.addstoresearchersworkload.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditorsDesks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

Text3

31.答案Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks段落推断题考查的是段落中心句，定位在首段首句ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannouncedtoday.《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源。与选项B同意替换。

32.答案Cmarked词义句意题依据所猜短语flaggedup所在句子的句意，手稿将被flaggedup以供杂志编辑、现有的编辑评审委员会或外部同行审查。比较四个选项，只有Cmarked被标记，符合题意。

33.答案Dsetanexampleforotherjournals观点细节题定位在四段末句ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.这不仅对于《科学》杂志本身的出版有影响，还有盼望影响其它的出版社，这些出版社想继《科学》杂志之后树立自己的典型形象。选项D是这句话的概括总结。

34.答案Dhasroomforfurtherimprovement观点细节题定位在末段末句，VauxsaysthatSciencesideatopasssomepaperstostatisticianshassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatVaux认为《科学》杂志的想法有一些好处，但是有个缺点是这就说明这个想法是有进一步改进的空间的。

35.答案AScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers主旨大意题本文首段首句就是全文主题句，《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源，而且全文其它各个段落都在围绕对这一想法不同专家的不同态度在论述，所以选项A是对全文中心的完整表达。

Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdochsdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeoftheunsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonlysortingmechanisminsocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.Butitsus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:Itsincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge-thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2022tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.

Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.

Intodaysworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.

ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions-norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.

36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby

(A)theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.

(B)companiesfinanciallossduetoimmoralpractices

(C)governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.

(D)thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.

37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that

(A)GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.

(B)morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.

(C)AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.

(D)phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.

38.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrookssdefense

(A)revealedacunningpersonality.

(B)centeredontrivialissues.

(C)washardlyconvincing.

(D)waspartofaconspiracy.

39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows

(A)generallydistortedvalues.

(B)unfairwealthdistribution.

(C)amarginalizedlifestyle.

(D)arigidmoralcode.

40Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?

(A)Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.

(B)Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.

(C)Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.

(D)Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.

36.答案A.Theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.因果细节题题目问到Elisbeth因什么而感到懊丧。定位在第一段其次句Intergrityhadcollapsed,...,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonlysortingmechanisminsocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket,由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

37.答案Bmorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking段落推断题定位到第三段第一句Asthehackingtrialconcludesthewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands正如窃听案总结的那样，仍旧存在更广泛的dearthofintegrity的大事，与选项B对应。

38.答案Cwashardlyconvincing观点细节题依据第四段其次句中astonishing，howlittle...,howlittle...Shenever...以及第三句中Sheknewnothing的语气推断的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有劝说力的。

39.答案Agenerallydistortedvalues观点细节题题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。Thecurrentcollectivedoctrine认为重要的是efficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,而认为justice,fairness不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

40.答案是Cmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.段落推断题定位在最终一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解力量。。。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruinedthelives的表达能看出盼望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearly,youtrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)________________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisevolved.Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?

Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehensionbuttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)________________

Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedortruemeaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationshipofthetexttotheworld.(43)_____________

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)_____________.Thisdoesnot,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcernsdebatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefandvalues.

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)_____________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggestasothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo--thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesnotthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentmindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.

[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.

[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.

[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.

[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.

[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity-inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthorsownthoughts.

[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationsorpatterningweperceiveinatextsformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.

41【C】

解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D中存在，此其一也；Ｄ中消失了reconstruct（重组）规律上是再次发生，与位于句首的规律发生了叙述上的冲突。故排解Ｄ选择Ｃ。