高一英语外研版选择性必修第一册UNIT5REVEALINGNATURESECTIONⅠ导学讲义

202X202X学年高一英语外研版（）选择性必修第一册Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅠ导学讲义Unit5Revealingnature背景导学你喜欢大自然吗?你对植物的世界了解吗?本文介绍了当多叶植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,而是会释放出某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn＇tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungpletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganicpounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It＇saplant＇swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighbors＇react.Someplantspumpoutellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Ontheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,

itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationscanhelptheneighbors.Thedageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon＇tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustdeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinfortionwasexchanged,butitwasn＇tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,iginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintite(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There＇sawholelotgoingon.【译文】当多叶植物受到攻击时,它不会坐以待毙。早在1983年,两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温就在报告中说,被昆虫咬伤的小枫树会散发出一种邻近植物能感应到的特殊气味。这些化学物质植物的受伤部位,似乎是一个警报。植物通过空气排出来的是挥发性有机化合物的混合物,简称VOCs。科学家们发现,所有种类的植物在受到攻击时都会释放出挥发性有机化合物。这是植物哭泣的一种方式。但是有人在听吗?显然有。因为我们可以看到“邻居”的反响。

有些植物发出有臭味的化学物质以使昆虫远离它们。但也有些植物承当双倍的责任。它们大量排出用来吸引对于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫的香味。一旦它们到达,“餐桌”就会被反转,正享用午餐的攻击者现在变成别人的午餐了。一项又一项研究之后,这些化学沟通看起来能够帮助它们的邻居。第一个被攻击的植物受到的伤害通常较严重,但周围的植物相对来说是更平安的,因为它们听到了警报,知道该怎么做。这是否意味着植物相互交谈?科学家们不知道。也许第一个植物只是因为疼痛哭了起来,或者正在向自己的枝条发送信息,所以,实际上是在跟自己说话。也许周围的植物只是碰巧“无意中听到”了哭泣,所以信息被交换。但这并不是一个真实的,有意识的信息来往。早在150多年前,查尔斯·达尔文设想了一个比我们可以看到和听到的更加繁忙、嘈杂和亲密的世界。我们的知觉很弱,有相当多的事情正在发生。SectionⅠStartingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.课标单词1.单词拼写①sample/?sɑ?mp(?)l/n.样本②suspect/s??spekt/v.猜测,疑心,觉得③evolution/?i?v??lu??(?)n/n.进化(论)2.根据英文释义选词填空finchdisgraanstorbeakseed①beak:the

hardpointedorcurvedouterpartofabird＇smouth②finch:asllbirdwithashortstrongbeak③disgra:thelossofotherpeople＇srespectandapprovalbecauseofthebadway.hasbehaved④seed:thesllhardpartprodudbyaplant,fromwhichanewplantcangrow⑤anstor:apersoninyourfamilywholivedalongtimeago3.词汇拓展①distant/?d?st?nt/adj.遥远的→distan/?d?st?ns/n.距离②geologist/d?i??l?d??st/n.地质学家→geology/d?i??l?d?i/n.地质学→geological/?d?i???l?d??kl/adj.地质(学)的③evolve/??v?lv/v.进化→evolution/?i?v??lu??(?)n/n.演变;进化(论)④generate/?d?en?re?t/v.产生;创造→generation/?d?en??re??n/n.(能源的)产生;一代人Ⅱ.情境词块1.answerthecall响应号召2.firstchoi最正确选择3.beadisgra是耻辱,是丢脸的事4.leadto导致5.ofalltime有史以来6.inquestion讨论中的;不确定7.becrowdedwith充满,满是8.etoexist开始存在9.atthesametime同时10.adaptto适应11.inspire.todosth.鼓励某人做某事12.avarietyof多种多样的13.aordingto根据14.beregardedas被看作15.beginwith以……开始Ⅲ.情境佳句1.句型公式who引导的定语从句教材原句Itwasayoungnwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutpletinghisdegree.尝试翻译这个年轻人从医学院肄业。

2.句型公式现在分词短语作后置定语教材原句What＇smore,hehadrentlyreivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgratoyourselfandallyourfamily”.尝试翻译而且,在他刚收到的父亲的来信中,父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。3.句型公式形容词短语作状语教材原句Theyoungninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanils.尝试翻译我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文,他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。4.句型公式so...that...引导结果状语从句教材原句ButDarwin＇sscientificstusweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.尝试翻译但是达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。Ⅰ.文本理解Step1Readingfortheinidea.Whatistheinideaofthetext?A.IntroduhowOntheOriginofSpecieswaswritten.B.TellwhyCharlesDarwintravelledontheBeagle.C.SharewhowasCharlesDarwinwithreaders.D.Introduhowatheoryofevolutionwasdiscovered.答案DStep2Readingforthe

structure.Fillinthefollowingblankswithproperwords.Step3Readingforthedetails.Choosethebestansweraordingtothetext.1.WhendidCharlesDarwinbeginhisjourneyofdiscovery?A.In1831.B.In1835.C.In1836.D.In1859.答案A2.WhatinterestedDarwinthemostontheGalápagosIslands?A.Fishes.B.Birds.C.Forests.D.Islands.答案B3.AordingtoDarwin,howdidnewspeciesofplantsandanilsetoexist?A.Theycamefromthesamepla.B.TheyappearedonEarthtogether.C.Theyevolvedfromtheiranstors.D.Theyoftenchangedthemselves.答案C4.Whatcausedthetheoryofevolutiontoappear?A.Darwin＇sjourneyontheBeagle.B.ThewritingofOntheOriginofSpecies.C.ThererksfromDarwin＇sfather.D.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle.答案AⅡ.难句突破1.[图解难句][自我分析]这是一个主从复合句,其中who引导定语从句,主句局部为主谓宾结构,theBeagle是theship的同位语,过去分词短语yetlittleknown是后置定语,修饰countries。[尝试翻译]贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此时机访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。2.[图解难句][自我分析]这是一个并列复合句,第一分句中When引导时间状语从句;第二分句为强调句,强调主语。

[尝试翻译]1835年,当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种,但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。Ⅲ.文本复述Step1QuestionAnswering根据课文内容答复以下问题。1.HowandwhendidCharlesDarwingoaboardontheBeagle?CharlesDarwinansweredthecallofthecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,andin1831heleftEnglandontheship.2.Whatdidthejourneygivehim?Thejourneygavehimthechantostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenviroents.3.OntheGalápagosIslandsin1835,whatinterestedhimthemost?WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslands,thebirdsinterestedhimthemost.4.Bystudying,whatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist?Theyevolvedfromearlieranstors.5.WhatwasputforwardbyDarwin?Heputforwardatheoryofevolution.6.WhenwashisbookOntheOriginofSpeciespublished?Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Step2TextReing将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的60词左右的短文。

CharlesDarwinansweredthecallofthecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,andin1831heleftEnglandontheship.Thejourneygavehimthechantostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenviroents.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslands,thebirdsinterestedhimthemost.Bystudying,hegottheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlieranstors.Later,heputforwardatheoryofevolution.HisbookOntheOriginofSpecieswasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.板块一语言知识1.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此时机访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。(教材P50)Paraphrase:Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,neededsomeonewhowouldbenefitfromthechantovisitcountriesthatwerefarawayandunknown.语言点1distantadj.遥远的;远亲的;疏远的情境探究①Itwasdifficulttogettoknowherbecauseshealwayskepteveryoneatadistan.很难去了解她,因为她总是与每个人保持距离。

②She＇salwaysverydistantandcold,soIhavetokeepheratadistan.她总是很冷淡和疏远,所以我不得不与她保持距离。③Thepicturewhereagirlisstaringatthemountaininthedistanlooksmorebeautifulatadistan.那幅一个女孩凝望远山的画,从远处看会更漂亮。归纳拓展distann.距离inthedistan在远处atadistan隔一段距离;从远处atadistanof...在……远的地方keep.atadistan与某人保持距离keepone＇sdistanfrom...与……保持距离,疏远……学以致用(1)单句填空①Hewantedtogetawayfromeverything,sohemovedtoadistant(distan)land.②Travelersshouldnotfeedthewildanilsinaclosedistanbecausetheyyattackpeople.③Therailwaystationisatadistanoftwomilesfromourschool.(2)单句写作④往更远处看,我可以欣赏白雪皑皑的群山。Fartherinthedistan,Icouldenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.2.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain＇sfirstchoi.来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。(教材P50)语言点2answerthecall响应号召情境探究①Ican＇tanswerthetelephone.Iamhavingabath.我不能接,我正在洗澡。

②Youwillhavetoanswerforyourbehaviouroneday.总有一天你要为你的行为承当责任。③IwishIknewtheanswertoyourquestion.但愿我知道你的问题的答案。④Idon＇tquiteknowwhattosayinanswertoyourquestion.我不太清楚如何答复你的问题。归纳拓展(1)answerv.答复;答复;应答;适合;符合answerto.(forsth.)向某人(为某事)负责(2)answern.答复;答案;回应;足以媲美的人theanswerto...……的答案(to为介词)inanswerto答复,应答,响应温馨提示answerfor后可接名词或代词,一般不接that从句,假设要接这类从句,通常应先接it作形式宾语。学以致用(1)单句填空①Theanswertothisquestionisnowunderexploration.②Knowingherwell,Icanrtainlyanswerforherhonesty.③Thedoctorcameatoninanswertoourtelephonecall.(2)单句写作④我不能保证他是老实的。Ican＇tanswerforhishonesty.3.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientific

discoveriesofalltime.尽管如此,他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。(教材P50)语言点3ofalltime有史以来情境探究①AtonetimeIusedtogoskiingeverywinter.曾经有一段时间,我每年冬天都去滑雪。②Sheranupthestairstwoatatime.她一步两阶地跑上楼梯。③Hefinishedofftwobowlsofnoodlesinnotime.他很快就吃完了两碗面条。④Theletterwasinmypocketallthetime.这封信一直在我的口袋里。⑤AtnotimecouldIhavesaidsuchathing.我决不会讲出这种话。归纳拓展allthetime一直atatime依次;每次atalltimes总是atonetime曾经,一度ontime准时innotime立刻intime及时atnotime永不;在任何时候都不(该短语位于句首时,句子要用局部倒装)fromtimetotime有时,间或,偶尔学以致用(1)单句填空①WeshallbelandinginParisinsixteenminutes,exactlyontime.②Theworsttornadoofalltimeourredin1925,

affectingthreeUSstates:Missouri,IllinoisandIndiana.③Keepyourheadup,andlookaroundyoufromtimetotime.(2)一句多译在任何时候你都不应该放弃读书。④Atnotimeshouldyougiveupstudying.⑤Youshouldnotgiveupstudyingatanytime.4.Theyoungninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanils.我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文,他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。(教材P50)语言点4inquestion讨论中的;有疑问;不确定情境探究①Theladyinquestionisnotintheoffinow.谈到的那位女士现在没在办公室。②Children＇slivesareindangereverytimetheycrossthisroad.孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。③Wemusttrytoliveinpeaandharmonywithourselvesandthosearoundus.我们必须努力和我们自己及周围的人和睦相处。④Welookedateachotherinsilen.我们相顾无言。

⑤Eventhoughyouareinpower,youcan＇tjustdowhateveryouwant.即使你当权,你也不能为所欲为。归纳拓展“in+名词”短语,in表示“(目前状态、形势)处于……中”。indanger处于危险中indebt负债indoubt疑心inpea和平地;平静地insilen沉默地inpower当权insurprise惊讶地introuble处于麻烦中学以致用(1)单句填空①Thedamwasindangerbecauseoftherisingflood.②Theexistenofglobalwarmingisinquestion.(2)单句写作③我总是很疑心他对这个问题的解释。I＇mratherindoubtabouthisexplanationforthisquestion.5.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanilshehadcollected.在南美洲度过一段时间后,他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。(教材P51)语言点5becrowdedwith充满……;挤满……情境探究①Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.乐队表演,观众欢呼。②Thousandsofpeoplehavecrowdedintotheslltown.成千上万的人涌入了这个小镇。

③Ieasilyspottedhiminthecrowdbecausehewasverytall.因为他个子非常高,所以我在人群中很容易就认出了他。归纳拓展(1)becrowdedwith=befilledwith=befullof挤满……(2)crowdn.人群acrowdof一群crowdsof成群的(3)crowdv.聚集,拥挤crowdinto涌入学以致用(1)单句填空①Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcustomers.②Helosthiswalletyesterdaywhenhewasinacrowded(crowd)bus.(2)单句写作③这家餐馆在用餐时间总是客满。Therestaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.6.Ashestudthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciesetoexist?当他研究这些样本时,他产生了疑问:这些不同的物种是如何产生的?(教材P51)语言点6etoexist开始存在情境探究①Nothingexistsonthemoonasthereisnowaterandnoair.月球上没有东西生存,因为没有水和空气。②Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexisten.没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。

③Doyoubelieveintheexistenofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.你相信鬼魂的存在吗?或许它们只存在于一些人的想象中。④Stevenwrotehimanoteaskinghimtoetohisapartment.斯蒂芬给他写了张便条,请他去自己的。归纳拓展(1)existvi.存在;生存;生活existin存在于……existon依靠……生存,依靠……生活(2)existenn.存在;生存eintoexisten开始存在;产生;成立inexisten现存的;现有的(3)eto苏醒;到达;共计;被想起;谈到误区警示exist是不及物动词,不用于被动语态,通常不用进行时。学以致用(1)赏句猜义①Ineverexpectedthosefewitemstoetosomuch.共计②WhenhecametoandraisedhisheadhesawBarney.苏醒③I＇mbeyondmydepthwhenitestonaturalsciens.谈到(2)单句填空④Theycan＇texistonthemoneyhe＇searned.⑤Thishousehasbeeninexisten(exist)fornyyears.7.Maybeanilsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenviroents?也许动物在适应不断变化的环境时进化了?(教材P51)语言点7adaptto适应情境探究①Itwastheculture,ratherthanthe

language,thatdeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenviroentabroad.是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。②TheauthorisgoingtoadapthisnovelforTVseries.这位打算把他的小说改编成电视剧。③ThisTVplaywasadaptedfromahistoricalnovel.这部电视剧改编自一部历史小说。④Theadaptationoftheplayforaradionuscriptwaseasy.把剧本改编成播送稿很容易。归纳拓展(1)adaptv.(使)适应adapt(oneself)to使(某人自己)适应……(2)adaptv.改编adaptfrom根据……改编adapt...for...把……改编(改装)为……(3)adaptationn.适应;改编;改编的作品(4)adaptableadj.可适应的;有适应能力的易混辨析adopt采用,采纳;收养;正式通过adapt改写;改编;适应;适合词汇助记Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedaboyaftertheearthquake.Afterafewmonths,theboycametoadapthimselftothelifeinthenewhome.这对年轻夫妻没有他们自己的孩子,在地震后收养了一个男孩。几个月后,这个男孩适应了新家庭的生活。

学以致用(1)单句填空①Threeofhernovelshavebeenadaptedfortelevision.②ThisnewfilmissaidtobeadaptedfromanovelbyJaneAusten.③Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobepreparedtoadapttothechange.(2)单句写作④随着时间的推移,我逐渐适应了学校的生活。Astimewentby,Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.8.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.1835年,当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种,但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。(教材P51)语言点8avarietyof各种各样的情境探究①Someexpertsbelievethatthetwolanguagevarietiesaremovingcloserandcloser.一些专家认为这两种语言变体正越来越接近。②Awidevarietyofflowerswereonshowinthestreet.街上展出了各种各样的花。③Iwasimpressedbythevarietyofdishesonoffer.供给的菜肴之丰富让我印象深刻。

④Opinionsonthisttervaryfrompersontoperson.对于这件事,人们意见不一。⑤Themenuvarieswiththeseason.菜单随季节而变动。归纳拓展(1)varietyn.种类;变体,变种;变化,多样化thevarietyof...……的种类a(wide)varietyof.../varietiesof...各种各样的……(2)varyv.相异;改变varyin...在……方面不同varyfrom...to...从……到……不等varywith...随……变化而变化(3)variousadj.各种各样的误区警示“avarietyof+名词”作主语,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;“thevarietyof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。学以致用(1)单句填空①Thesecarsvaryinsize,pri,colourandsoon.②Weyhavevarious(vary)waystodealwithsuchasituation.③Thevarietyofapplesis(be)astonishing.(2)单句写作④我们经常看到无意识的肢体语言的例子,但也有“习得的”肢体语言,这种肢体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“learned”bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.9.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshad

evolvedfromamonanstor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.达尔文猜测这些雀鸟都是由共同的祖先进化而来的,这些雀鸟的祖先很久以前就来到了这片群岛。(教材P51)语言点9suspectv.猜测,疑心,觉得情境探究①Ibegantosuspect(that)theyweretryingtogetridofme.我开始觉察出,他们正在试图摆脱掉我。②Suspectingnothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.他毫无觉察,径直走入陷阱。③Someoftheevidentheyprodudwashighlysuspect.他们出示的证据中有些相当成问题。④Isuspectedhimofstealingthejewelryfromthestore.我疑心他从这个商店偷了珠宝。⑤Theyoungnismoreinigentthanwesuspectedhimtobe.这个年轻人比我们猜测的更聪明。归纳拓展(1)suspect+n./pron.疑心……suspect+that/wh-从句猜测/疑心/觉得……suspect./sth.tobe疑心某人/某事……suspect.of...疑心(某人有……罪)(2)suspectn.嫌疑犯;嫌疑分

子(3)suspectadj.不可信的;靠不住的;可疑的学以致用(1)赏句猜义①Ifyoususpectagasleak,donotstrikeatchoreventurnonanelectriclight.疑心②Thepolihavenownarroweddowntheirlistofsuspects.嫌疑犯③Hisfitnessissuspect,sowecan＇triskincludinghimintheteam.不可信的(2)单句填空④Theysuspectedmeofhavingahandintheaffair.⑤Nobodycanpossiblysuspectwhathesays.10.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轰动。(教材P51)语言点10句型公式:not...until...直到……才……情境探究①Ifyoudon＇tunderstandanything,youyresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.如果你有任何事不明白,你可以研究、学习以及和其他人交谈直到你弄明白为止。②Leavethebandageinpositionuntilthedoctorsyoutoremoveit.让绷带保持原样,直到医生叫你拆掉为止。③NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。④Gaudiworkedontheprojectfrom1882untilhisdeathin1926.高迪从1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年去世。

⑤You＇renotgoingoutuntilyou＇vefinishedthis.你没把这事做完就不准出去。归纳拓展(1)在含有until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词(如live、;当主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词(如go、e、leave、finish等)时,主句常用否认形式。wait、work等)时,主句常用肯定形式(2)not...until引导时间状语从句时,假设notuntil置于句首,主句要用局部倒装结构,而从句不用倒装。(3)until也可用作介词,后接名词作宾语。学以致用(1)单句填空①Whentheredlightison,pleasestopandwaituntilthegreenlightison.②Hedidn＇tapologizetomeuntilherealizedthathewaswrong.(2)句式升级③Shedidn＇tfindhermotheraliveuntiltwodaysaftertheearthquake.→Notuntiltwodaysaftertheearthquakedidshefindhermotheralive.11.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。(教材P51)语言点11beginwith(=startwith)以……开始情境探究①Ajourneyofa

thousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.[谚语]千里之行,始于足下。②TheteacherbeganthelessonwithanEnglishsong.老师以一首英文歌曲开始了这节课。③Tobegin/startwith,wehaven＇tenoughmoney;andsecondlywehaven＇tenoughtime.首先,我们没有足够的资金;其次,我们没有足够的时间。归纳拓展(1)begin...with...以……开始……(动词短语)(2)tobegin/startwith首先,第一(常作插入语,相当于副词)学以致用(1)单句填空①Toworkoutaplan,onehastostartwithaninvestigation(调查).②Tobegin(begin)with,theauthor＇sname,MarkTwain,isitselfaninvention,orthe“penname”.(2)单句写作③演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的音乐开始。Theshowstarted/beganwithapieofmusicfamiliartopeopleintheirfifties.板块二课文对译用适当的词句补全教材原文。AJourneyofDiscoveryThecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisiting

distant①countriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain＇sfirstchoi.Itwasayoungnwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutpletinghisdegree.What＇smore,hehadrentlyreivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgrato②yourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime③.[文本解读]该段简单介绍了应聘登上贝格尔号的年轻人的情况以及家人对他的评价等信息,虽然未被看好,但他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重大的科学发现之一。发现之旅贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此时机访问遥远①而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业,并且在他刚收到的父亲的来信中,父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱②”。尽管如此,他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来③最重要的一项科学发现。Theyoungninquestion④,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanils.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechantostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnatural

enviroents.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwith⑤samples⑥oftheplantsandanilshehadcollected.Ashestudthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciesetoexist⑦?[文本解读]本段承接上文,指出应聘者是达尔文,以及他是如何产生“这些不同的物种是如何产生的”这一想法的。我们提到的④这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文,他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年,他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后,他的船舱里堆满了⑤收集到的动植物样本⑥。当他研究这些样本时,他产生了疑问:这些不同的物种是如何产生⑦的?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsin.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henotidthatsomespeciesofanilswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanilsevolved⑧astheyadaptedto⑨theirchangingenviroents?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreeviden.[文本解读]该段首先陈述当时人们的观点,通过衔接词“But”进行转折,引出达尔文在他旅行期间注意到的事情,从而激发他去进一步寻找证据。

当时,人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的,并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到,有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物在适应⑨不断变化的环境时进化⑧了?虽然这只是一个设想,但足够鼓励达尔文去寻求更多的证据。WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost⑩.Darwinnotidthattherewasadifferenbetweenthefinches?oneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeaks?hadevolvedaordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.[文本解读]该段介绍了达尔文在他乘船探索至加拉帕戈斯群岛时,他对鸟类产生了极大的兴趣,从而进一步推动他的发现。1835年,当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种,但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类⑩。达尔文注意到,在群岛中的每一个小岛上,雀鸟?之间有所不同。它们的喙?似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。Darwinsuspected?thatthefincheshadevolvedfromamonanstor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintonynewspecies.Andthat

wastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlieranstors.[文本解读]通过观察雀鸟让他对“新动植物物种是如何产生的”这个问题确定了答案:它们从早期的祖先进化而来。达尔文猜测?这些雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前,雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛,随着时间的推移,慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是,关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案:它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。Itwasapletelynewidea—atheoryofevolution?.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm?.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghuns,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin＇sscientificstusweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory?.[文本解读]本段介绍了进化论的提出及其产生的影响。这是一个全新的观点——进化?论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轰动?。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形

式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。?Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.Anditallbeganwith?thejourneyontheBeagle.[文本解读]该段介绍了《物种起源》这本书的重要意义以及影响,而这些都源于达尔文乘贝格尔号的航行。如今,《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于?贝格尔号的探索之旅。Ⅰ.语境填词1.Intheearlyyears,athletesatemushroomsandplantseeds(种子)toimprovetheirperforn.2.Thesalesnbroughtsomesamples(样品)ofhisfirm＇sproducts.3.NotonlyisyourrkinEnglishadisgra(耻辱),butyouhaveevenfailedinthetics.4.Isuspected(疑心)thathedidn＇tmethetruth.5.Asageologist(地质学家),heuncoversthepla＇spastbylookingatitsrocks.6.Thedirectanstor(祖先)ofthemoderncatwastheKaffircatofancientEgypt.7.Thesuessandfailureofalanguagegenerate(产生)fromthesamesour.8.Pleaserememberthatsomebirdshaveverypowerfulbeaks(喙).Ⅱ.

语境选词ofalltime,inquestion,becrowdedwith,etoexist,adaptto,avarietyof,beregardedas,beginwith1.Certainformsofknowledgeetoexistinrtainplas.2.Heisuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime.3.Myhouseusedtobecrowdedwithvisitors,butnowvisitorsarefewandfarbetween.4.Thelightingofawoodfirebeginswithsllpiesofwood.5.Itisregardedasnaturalbehaviorthatanhelpstheolddownstairs.6.Thenewteacherwasveryslowtoadapttotheunusualrulesoftheschool.7.Shedethechildrengladinavarietyofways.8.Thenewideasareinquestionatpresent,andwe＇reawaitingfinaldecisionsfromtopnagement.Ⅲ.完成句子1.直到那时他才认识到这个问题的重要性。(notuntil位于句首)Notuntilthendidherealizetheimportanoftheproblem.2.疗效因人而异。(varywith)Theeffectofthetreatmentvarieswithdifferentindividuals.3.他们走得那么快,我没法跟上。(so...that...)TheywalkedsofastthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.4.他们都谨慎地避开这位严肃的教授。(distan)Theywerecarefultokeeptheirdistanfromtheseriousprofessor.5.我们不能去。首先,天气太冷。另外,我们没有钱。(begin)Wecan＇tgo.Tobeginwith,it＇stoocold.Besides,wehavenomoney.Ⅳ.课文语法填空CharlesDarwinwasageologistandnaturalist,whowasfascinatedbyrocks,plants

andanils.He1.left(leave)Englandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechantostudy2.various(vary)livingthingsintheirnaturalenviroents.AfterDarwin3.hadspent(spend)sometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowded4.withsamplesoftheplantsandanilshehadcollected.Ashestudthese,heasked5.himself(him)thequestion:howdiddifferentspeciesetoexist?Henotidthatsomespeciesof6.anils(anil)wereverysimilartoeachother.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,7.butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnotidthattherewasadifferenbetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Overtime,ithad8.slowly(slow)evolvedintonynewspecies.Andthatwas9.hownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist.Itwasapletelynewidea—atheoryof10.evolution(evolve).Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever,whichallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.Ⅰ.单句填空1.Notuntilthendid(do)herealizetheimportanoftheproblem.2.Thedrugissuspectedofcausingover200deaths.3.Awidevarietyofflowerswere(be)plantedinthegarden.4.ThisplayisadaptedfromanovelwrittenbyDack.5.Doyouknowwhenthiskindof

robotcameintoexit/existen(exist)?6.Ican＇teasilygiveananswertoyourquestion.7.Thecityntreandshopsareonlyashortdistan(distant)away.8.Inthecourseofevolution(evolve),somebirdshavelostthepowerofflying.9.Thedirtywallsareadisgratotheschool.10.Don＇tmixupthetwokindsofvegetableseeds(seed).Ⅱ.同义替换beginwith,generate,becrowdedwith,evolve,leadto,distant,inquestion,inspire1.Apolinsaidthatthewholetterwasbeingconsidered.(inquestion)2.Thepany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltoprodupower.(generate)3.Thefloodresultedinaconsiderablereductioninproduction.(ledto)4.Thefarmhouseisremotefromotherbuildings.(distant)5.Well,ybeitwouldbeeasiertostartwithasllerproblem.(beginwith)6.Theideaistoencouragepeopletogettoknowtheirneighbours.(inspire)7.Theinstreetisfilledwithvehicleseverymorning.(iscrowdedwith)8.Eachschoolmustdevelopitsownwayofworking.(evolve)Ⅲ.教材原句翻译1.贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此时机访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。

Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.2.来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain＇sfirstchoi.3.1835年,当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种,但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.4.它直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轰动。Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.5.但是达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。ButDarwin＇sscientificstusweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.Ⅰ.阅读理解(202X山东肥城泰西中学高二上第一次月考)Hundredsofyearsago,aRonarmycamenorthfromEnglandtokewaronScotland.TheScots,abravepeople,lovedtheircountry.Theyfoughthard

todrivetheenemyoutofScotland.ButthereweretoonyoftheRons.ItlookedasiftheRonswouldwin.Onenight,theleaderoftheScotsrchedhissolrstothetopofahill.“Wewillrestheretonight,mymen,”hesaid.“Tomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle.Wemustwin,orwewill.”Theywereallverytired.Sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty,buttheywereverytired,too,andonebyone,theyfellasleep.TheRonswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheywentupthehill.ClosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.Afewminutesmorethewarwouldbeover.Suddenly,oneofthemputhisfootonathistle(蓟).HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.Inaminutetheywereontheir