柬埔寨电子商务法 E commerce law 英文版

(NationalCoatofArms)

នស/រកម/1119/017

ROYALCODE

I,

PreahKarunaPreahBatSamdechPreahBoromNeathNORODOMSIHAMONI,thefaithfulanddevotedservantofthecountry,religion,nationandtheKhmer

people;theprotégéofBuddhaandIndra;theunifierofallKhmers;andthedefenderofindependence,territorialintegrityandpeaceofKampuchea;andthehappiness,libertyandprosperityoftheKhmerpeople,PreahChaoKrongKampucheaThipadei,

HavingseentheConstitutionoftheKingdomofCambodia;

HavingseenRoyalDecreenumberនស/រកម/0918/925,dated6September2018,ontheAppointmentoftheRoyalGovernmentoftheKingdomofCambodia;

HavingseenRoyalCodenumberនស/រកម/0618/012,dated28June2018,promulgatingtheLawontheOrganizationandFunctioningoftheCouncilofMinisters;

HavingseenRoyalCodenumberនស/រកម/0196/16,dated24January1996,promulgatingtheLawontheEstablishmentoftheMinistryofCommerce;

HavingseentheproposalofSamdechAkkaMohaSenaPadeiTechoHUNSEN,PrimeMinisteroftheKingdomofCambodia;

Promulgate

TheLawonE-CommercewhichwaspassedbytheNationalAssemblyon8October2019duringits3rdsessionofthe6thlegislativeterm,andwhoseentirelegalformandsubstancewerecompletelyreviewedbytheSenateon18October2019duringtheextraordinarysessionofthe4thlegislativeterm,andthewholecontentofwhichisasfollows:

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LAW

ON

E-COMMERCE

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Article1.-Purposes

ThisLawisaimedat:

CHAPTER1

GeneralProvisions

1-Managinge-commerceintheKingdomofCambodiaandwiththeinternational;2-Establishinglegalcertaintiesincommercialandciviltransactionsinelectronic

systems;

3-Providingconfidencetothepublicinusingelectroniccommunications.

Article2.-Objective

ThisLawhasthefollowingobjectives:

1-Todeterminetheauthenticity,accuracyandreliabilityofelectronicforms;2-Topromotethelegalframeworkandbusinessdevelopmentinordertosafely

performelectroniccommerce;

Topreventandcrackdownontheactcausingdamagetodataandinformationsystems;

Toeliminateobstaclesthatpreventtheperformanceofelectroniccommerceandwhichariseoutofrequirementuncertaintyforwrittenlettersandsignatures;

Tofacilitatethefilingofthedocumentsviatheelectronicsystemwithpublicinstitutionsandpromoteeffectiveserviceprovisionofthepublicinstitutionsbyusingreliableelectronicrecords;

Tocreaterules,provisionsandstandardsinconnectionwithauthenticityandaccuracyofelectronicrecords.

Article3.-Scope

ThisLawshallbeapplicabletoallactivities,documentsandelectroniccommerceandciviltransactionsundertakenbytheelectronicsystemexceptfortheactivities,documentsandtransactionsrelatedto:

Establishmentorenforcementofthepowersofattorney;

Establishmentorexecutionofthetestaments,codicilsorothermattersinrespectofsuccession;

Anycontractsonsale,transferorrelinquishmentofimmovablepropertiesorotherbenefitsinsuchproperties;

Transferofanyimmovablepropertyorbenefitrelatedtosuchimmovableproperty;

Otherexceptionsdeterminedbyasubdecree.

Article4.-Definitions

KeytermsusedinthisLawshallbedefinedasintheglossarystatedintheannex

hereof.

Chapter2

ValidityofElectronicCommunications

(StaAmrtpi)cle5.-Acknowledgmentofelectroniccommunicationlegitimacy

Nopersoncanrefusetoacknowledgethevalidity,legaleffect,acceptabilityorenforceabilityofelectroniccommunicationonlyduetothefactthatitismadeintheelectronicformorintheelectroniccommunication.

Article6.-Requirementsinwriting

Whenanyprovisionrequiresinformationinwritingorrecordsinwritingtobegiven,itisconsideredthatthisrequirementisfulfilledshouldsuchinformationbemadeintheelectronicformandbeaccessibleanddownloadableforlateruse;

Whentheconditionintheprovisionofparagraph1aboveistakentoimplementlegalrequirementsdemandingthatanypersongivemultiplecopiesatonceaboutanyinformationortasktoanotherperson,thegivermaysatisfythisconditionbymerelygivingacopyinelectronicform.

Article7.-Requirementforsignature

Whenanyprovisionrequiresthesignatureofanyperson,suchrequirementshallbeconsideredfulfilledbymeansofelectronicsignatureifsuchelectronicsignatureusedismadebymeans:

Wherebyitispossibletoidentifythepersonorreflecttheapprovalofsuchpersonfortheinformationorrecordscontainedintheelectroniccommunication;

Whicharereliableaccordingtothecharacteristics,purposesandcircumstanceswherebysuchelectroniccommunicationismadeorcommunicated.

Althoughanyprovisionspecifiestherequirementforsignatureoronlyspecifiestheconsequencesofnotaffixingsignatures,theprovisionofparagraph1aboveisalsoapplied.

Article8.-Requirementsforretentionofinformationinanoriginalform

Legitimateconditionsforretentionofinformationwhichisnotmadeinelectronicformsmaybefulfilledbyretentionofsuchinformationinelectronicformsif:

Suchelectronicformisreliablemeanstodefinethecompletenessofsuchinformation,and

Suchinformationiseasilyaccessibleforlateruse.

Article9.-Definedform

Whenanyprovisionrequirestheinformationtobemadeinanyform,suchrequirementshallbereplacedbyinformationprovisioninanelectronicformifsuchelectronicformmeetsallofthefollowingconditions:

Containingthesameormostlythesameinformationastheformdefined;

Beingaccessible,understandableordownloadableforlateruse,and

Enablingthepersonreceivingtheinformationtostoresuchinformation.

Article10.-Requirementsforsavingtherecords

Whenanyprovisionrequiresstorageofdocuments,recordsoranyspecificinformation,suchrequirementshallbeconsideredfulfilledifsuchsavingfulfillsallofthefollowingconditions:

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Theinformationcontainedintheelectroniccommunicationcanbe

accessedandavailableforlateruse;

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Theelectroniccommunicationisstoredintheoriginalformwhenmade,sentorreceivedorinaformthatreflectstheaccuracyofsuchinformation,and

Theinformationisstoredtoenableanypersontoidentifytheoriginalsourceandobjectiveofsuchelectroniccommunication,dateandtimeofthesameissentorreceived.

Obligationsforretentionofdocuments,recordsorinformationinaccordancewithparagraph1excludeanyinformationonlyforwhichthemessageissentorreceived.

Article11.-Requirementsforevidence

Neitherprovisiononimplementationoftheruleonevidencecanrejecttheacceptanceoftheelectroniccommunicationastheevidenceonlyonthebasisthat:

1-Suchevidenceistheelectroniccommunication,or2-Suchevidenceisnotintheoriginalform.

Article12.-Contractformationandcontractvalidity

Proposal,acceptanceandcontractcanbeelectronicallymade;

Theelectroniccontractasstatedintheprovisionofparagraph1aboveshallbevalid,legallyeffectiveandenforceablewhentheproposalandacceptanceareconsistent.

Article13.-Effectbetweentheparties

Theoriginatorandaddresseeoftheelectroniccommunicationshallnotrejectthelegaleffect,validityandenforceabilityofshowingtheirwillingnessorstatements.

Article14.-Separateimplementationaspertheparties’agreement

Asperagreement,thepartiestakingpartincreating,sending,receiving,storingorprocessingelectroniccommunicationmayimplement[activities]differentlyfromtheprovisionasstatedinChapter2hereofunlessotherwisedetermined;

NotwithstandingtheprovisionasstatedinChapter2,thepartiesofanycontractortransactionmay:

Notuseelectronicrecords,electroniccommunicationorelectronicsignaturesinanycontractortransactionasagreed,or

Imposeadditionalrequirementsrelatedtotheformandauthenticityofthecontractortransactionasagreed.

Chapter3

ProcessofElectronicCommunication

Article15.-Timeandplaceofsendingandreceivingtheinformationintheelectroniccommunication

Theinformationinanelectroniccommunicationshallbeconsideredsentwhen:

Suchinformationhaslefttheinformationsystemunderthemanagementoftheoriginatororthepartysendingitonbehalfoftheoriginator,or

Incasesuchinformationistransmittedbuthasyetlefttheinformation

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systemunderthemanagementoftheoriginatororofthepartysendingitonbehalfof[theoriginator],theinformationshallbeconsideredsent

whensuchinformationisreceivedatanypointintime;

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Theinformationinanelectroniccommunicationshallbeassumedassentfromtheplaceofbusinessoftheoriginatoreventhoughsuchinformationissentfromwhateverplace;

The time of receiving information is when such information can bedownloadedbytheaddresseeintheelectronicaddressspecifiedinadvancebytheaddressee.Suchinformationisassumedasreceivedattheplaceofbusinessoftheaddressee;

Shouldtheelectronicaddressbenotgivenbytheaddressee,thetimeofreceivingtheinformationiswhentheaddresseeisawareofthesendingandcandownloadsuchinformationthroughanyelectronicaddressanditisassumedasreceivedattheplaceofbusinessoftheaddressee;

Shouldtheelectronicaddressbegivenbytheaddressee,theinformationintheelectroniccommunicationshallbeassumedasreceivedwhensuchinformation reaches the addressee’s electronic address and shall beconsideredreceivedattheplaceofbusinessoftheaddressee.

Article16.-Proposaltoformcontracts

Allproposalstoenterintocontractsviaelectroniccommunication, whichdoesnotrefertoanyotherspecificperson,shallbeconsideredastheinvitationtoproposetoformcontractsonly.Suchproposaltoenterintocontractsshallbeconsideredastheproposaltoformthecontractshouldsuchproposalclearlyshowhis/herwillingnessthats/heisboundwhenthereisacceptancefromtheotherparty.

Article17.-Useofautomatedsystemtoformcontracts

Contractsformedbyinteractionbetweentheautomatedsystemofapersonandanynaturalpersonortheautomatedsystemoftheotherpersoncannotbesubjecttoobjectionaboutvalidity,legaleffectorenforceabilityofsuchcontractsbasedonthereasonthatsuchnaturalpersonisabsentfromexaminingorpersonallyactingintheautomatedsystemorformingcontracts.

Article18.-Errorofenteringinformationintheelectroniccommunication

Whenapersonentersthewronginformationintheelectroniccommunicationwiththeautomatedsystemoftheotherpartyandsuchautomatedsystemdoesnotprovideanopportunitytosuchpersontocorrectthewronginformation,suchpersonorpartyonbehalfofthepersonenteringtheinformationisentitledtocorrectorremovesuchwronginformationincase:

Suchpersoninformstheotherpartyabouttheerrorasearlyaspossibleandshallprovethats/hehasenteredwronginformationintheelectroniccommunicationa,nd

Suchpersondoesnotgetanybenefitduetoenteringthewronginformationbefores/heprovidesnoticetotheotherpartyanddoesnotcausedamagetotheotherparty’soranythirdparty’sbenefits.

Theprovisionstatedinthisarticleisnotapplicabletothesecuritiessector.

Chapter4

SafeElectronicRecordsandElectronicSignatures

(StaAmrtpi)cle19.-Safeelectronicrecords

(Initials)

Anelectronicrecordisconsideredasasafeelectronicrecordonlyifitisproperlyconductedinaccordancewithsecurityprocedures,ensuringthatsuchelectronicrecordisnotalteredfromaspecificallydeterminedtimeuntilverified.

Article20.-Safeelectronicsignatures

Electronicsignaturesaresafeonlyifthefollowingconditionsarecompliedwith:

Beingboundtoonlyonesignatory;

Beingabletoidentifythesignatory;

Beingcreatedbytheuseofmeansunderthemanagementofsignatory;

Specifyingthetimeanddateofsignature,and

Specifyingtheoriginalconditionoftheelectronicmessagesorrecordsboundbysuchsignature.

Theprovisionofparagraph1abovedoesnotlimittheabilityofanypersoninelectroniccommunicationto:

Determineotheradditionalconditionsrelatedtoreliabilityoftheelectronicsignatures,and

Provetheunreliabilityoftheelectronicsignatures.

Article21.-Assumptioninconnectionwiththesafeelectronicrecordsandsignatures

Unlessprovedtothecontraryintheprocessinconnectionwiththesafeelectronicrecords,suchsafeelectronicrecordsshallbeassumedastheelectronicrecordsunalteredfromanyspecifictime;

Unlessprovedtothecontraryintheprocessinconnectionwiththesafeelectronicsignature,suchsafeelectronicsignatureshallbeassumedasfollows:

Suchelectronicsignaturebelongstotherelevantperson,and

Suchelectronicsignatureisaffixedbytheperson,beingwillingtosignorhavingapprovedtheelectronicrecords;

Incasethereisnosafeelectronicrecordorsafeelectronicsignature,noprovisioninChapter4canmakeapriorassumptionabouttheauthenticityoraccuracyofsuchelectronicrecordorsignature.

Article22.-Identitytheft

Nopersonshalluseidentity,record,electronicsignature,electronicaddress,password,orparticularsofotherindividualsdishonestlyorwithoutauthorizationincommercialandnon-commercialtransactionsinelectronicsystems.

Article23.-Competentinstitutionsgoverningthesecurityprocedures

TheMinistryofPostsandTelecommunicationsisthecompetentinstitutiontogovernthesecurityproceduresforelectronicrecordsandelectronicsignatures;

Governanceofsecurityproceduresforelectronicrecordsandelectronicsignaturesshallbedeterminedbylegalnormpaper.

Chapter5

IntermediariesandElectronic-CommerceServiceProviders

Article24.-Responsibilitiesoftheintermediariesandelectronic-commerceservice

(Stapmropv)iders

Theintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallnotbearcivilorcriminalresponsibilityrelatedtotheinformationcontained(Iniintiathlse)

electronicrecordsrelatedtoserviceprovisionofsuchintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceproviders;incases/heisnottheonewhosendssuchrecordandincase:

Suchintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersarenotawarethattheinformationsentleadstothecivilorcriminalresponsibility;

Suchintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersarenotawareofthefactorcircumstanceanticipatablethatsuchinformationmayleadtocivilorcriminalresponsibility,or

Suchintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersareawareafterwardoftheinformationorfactorcircumstanceanticipatablethatsuchinformationmayleadtocivilorcriminalresponsibilityandcomplywiththeprocedureforillegalinformationanddefamationasstatedinArticle25below.

Theintermediariesandelectroniccommerceserviceprovidersarenotrequiredtoelectronicallymonitor-checkanyelectronicrecordundertheirmanagementwhethertheprocessofsuchelectronicrecordmayconstituteoffenseorleadtocivilresponsibilities,unlessotherwisedefined;

Provisionsofthisarticlearenotapplicabletofreetheintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersfrom:

Obligationscreatedbythelawsorlegalnormpaper;

Obligationsincompliancewithregulationsorordersofthecourtorothercompetentauthorities,or

Obligationsunderthecontract.

Article25.-Responsibilitiesforinformationorincidents

Incasetheintermediariesorelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersareawarethattheinformationintherecordmayleadtocivilorcriminalresponsibility,suchintermediariesorelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallpromptlytakeactionsasfollows:

Removeinformationfromtheinformationsystemunderthemanagementoftheintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersandstopprovidingservicesrelatedtosuchinformation;

StoretheinformationasevidenceandnotifytheMinistryofPostsandTelecommunicationsandrelevantcompetentministries,institutionsofthefactsandidentityofthesuspects.

Incasetheintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersareawareofanyincidentorsituationleadingtocivilorcriminalresponsibility,suchintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallstoretheinformationastheevidenceandnotifytheMinistryofPostsandTelecommunicationsandrelevantcompetentministries[and]institutions.

Whenbeingawareorinformedoftheinformationintheelectronicrecords

(Stawmhpic)h may lead to civil or criminal responsibility, the Ministry of Posts andTelecommunicationsorrelevantcompetentministries[and]institutionsmayorderthe

intermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersto:

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Removetheinformationfromtheinformationsystemundertheirmanagement;

Postponeorstopprovidingservicestothatperson,or

Postponeorstopprovidingservicesrelatedtoelectronicrecords.

Theintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallnotbearcivilresponsibilityunderthecontractoroutsidethecontractordefined bythelawforimplementation in good faith as per the order of the Ministry of Posts andTelecommunicationsorrelevantcompetentministries[and]institutions.

Thepersongivingnoticeofillegalactstotheintermediariesorelectronic-commerceserviceproviders,knowingthatsuchnoticeiscounterfactualordeceptiveshallbearcivilorcriminalresponsibilityforsuchact.

Article26.-Authorizationorlicenseprovision

Theintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallrequesttheauthorizationsorlicensesfromtheMinistryofCommerceandtheMinistryofPostsandTelecommunications.

TheMinistryofCommerceprovidestheauthorizationsorlicensesincluding:

Electronic-commerceoperationauthorizationsfornaturalpersons;

LicensesforoperationofElectronic-commerceserviceprovisionforlegalentities;

The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications providesonline servicecertificate;

Exception,determinationoftypesoflicenses,formalities,andproceduresofauthorizationorlicenseprovisionshallbedefinedbyasubdecree.

Article27.-Codeofprofessionalethicsandprovisionsforintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceproviders

Theintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallcomplywiththecodeofprofessionalethicsandprovisionsconcerningelectroniccommercedefinedbyinter-ministerialPrakasbetweentheMinistryofCommerceandtheMinistryofPostsandTelecommunications.

Thecodeofprofessionalethicsmentionedintheprovisionofparagraph1aboveshallbedefinedandpreparedbytheMinistryofCommerceandtheMinistryofPostsandTelecommunications,incooperationwiththerelevantministries,institutionsandstakeholders.

Article28.-Taxobligations,incentivesandpreference

Theintermediariesandelectronic-commerceserviceprovidersshallbeunderthecommonlegislationoftaxationregimeinforceandobtainincentivesandpreferenceinaccordancewiththelawsandprovisionsinforce.

CHAPTER6

Consumer ProtectionArticle29.-Minimuminformationinelectroniccommerce

Thepersonsusingelectroniccommunicationinordertosellgoodsorservicestotheconsumersshallprovidecorrect,clearandunderstandable informationandshallcontainatleastthefollowinginformation:

Person’snameorlegalcorporatename,registeredbusinessaddressandelectronicmeansofcontactorphonenumber;

Formofcontactwhichisfast,convenientandeffectivebetweentheconsumerandseller;

Termsandconditionsandthecostofthegoodsorservicesrelatedtothebusiness transaction, especially terms and conditions and paymentmethodsanddetailsrelatedtoremovalorcancellationofpurchaseorder,stoppage,deliveryandreplacementofgoodsandrefund,and

Certaingoodsandserviceswhichareputuponsale.

Informationstatedintheprovisionofparagraph1aboveshallbesufficientsothattheconsumerscanmakeadecisiononthebusinesstransactionandstoreitastheinformation;

Theprovisionofthisarticledoesnotapplytosecuritiesandinsurancesectors.

Article30.-Unrequestedbusinesscommunication

Anyperson,whetherhavingtheplaceofbusinesswithinoroutsidetheKingdomofCambodia,whosendsunrequestedbusinesscommunicationtotheconsumersinsideoroutsidetheKingdomofCambodiaviamediaorintermediariesortelecommunicationserviceproviders,shallprovideclearandeasyoptionsfortheconsumerstobeabletorejectsuchunrequestedbusinesscommunication.

Article31.-Creationoffakeelectronicsystemandmaliciouscode

Nopersonshallcreateelectronicsystemswiththepurposeoffalsificationorcausingconfusioninordertotakeadvantageorwiththepurposeofattractingusageortransactionandcausingdamagetothepersonwhousesitorthethirdparties;

Nopersonshallcreate,provide,affordpossibilityfor,distribute,ortransmitviruscodeswithill-intentionbyelectronicmeans,tothedevicesorelectronicsystemsofotherpersons.

Article32.-Dataprotection

Thosewhoelectronicallystoreprivateinformationshalluseallmeanstoensurethatsuchinformationissafelyprotectedatallreasonablecircumstancesinordertoavoidtheloss, access,use,modification,leakageordisclosureofsuchinformation,unlessotherwiseauthorizedbytheinformationownersorotherlawfullyauthorizedparties;

Nopersonshallinterfereintheelectronicsystem,access,download,copy,extract,leak,deleteormodifydatastoredbyotherpersonsinadishonestmannerandwithoutauthorization.

Article33.-Enforcementofprovisionsrelatedtoconsumerprotection

Thosewhouseelectroniccommunicationincommercialactivitieswiththeconsumersshallalsocomplywiththeprovisionsrelatedtoconsumerprotection.

Chapter7

ActivitiesandOperationsoftheStateviaElectronicSystems

Article34.-Acknowledgementofelectroniccommunicationbythestateinstitutions

Theministriesorstateinstitutionscanuseelectronicformsforthefollowingactivitiesandoperations:

Acceptancefordocumentregistrationorrequirementfulfillmentforcreatingorstoringdocuments;

Issuanceoflicensesorauthorizations;

Determinationofpaymentmeansandmethods,or

Otheractivitiesdefinedbytheministriesorstateinstitutions.

Whentheministriesorstateinstitutionsdecidetouseelectroniccommunicationforanyactivityoroperationasstatedintheprovisionofparagraph1above,suchministriesorstateinstitutionsmayspecify:

The method and form whereby the information in the electroniccommunicationisregistered,created,storedorpublished;

Typeofsignaturerequiredwhenitisrequiredtoaffixsignatureinsuchelectroniccommunication;

The method and form whereby such signature is attached in theelectroniccommunication;

Appropriatemanagementprocessandprocedurestoensureaccuracy,securityandconfidentialityofelectroniccommunicationorpayment,and

Otherconditionsrenderingequivalentvaluebetweenthedocumentsorpaymentinanelectronicformanddocumentsorpaymentinwrittenform.

Chapter 8

ElectronicEvidenceArticle35.-Generalacceptanceofelectronicevidence

Noprovisionsoftheruleonevidenceareapplicabletorefusethegeneralacceptanceofelectronicrecordsservingastheevidenceonlyonthebasisthatitistheelectronicrecordeventhoughsuchevidenceisnotintheoriginalform.

Article36.-Accuracyofelectronicsystems

Inthelegalproceedings,validityofelectronicevidencecanbeexpressedthroughtheaccuracyoftheelectronicsystemswhichrecordorstoreanydata.

Unlessprovedtothecontrary,theelectronicsystemusedforrecordingorstoringelectronicrecordsshallbeassumedasaccurateinthelegalproceedingsunderanyofthefollowingconditions:

Intheeventthatthereisevidencesupportingthefactwhichspecifiesthattheelectronicsystemsorothersimilardevicesfunctionnormally

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whentheelectronicrecordsarerecordedorstoredorwhenusedas

evidenceorincasetheelectronicsystemsorothersimilardevicesmalfunctionorcompletelyfailbutdonotaffecttheaccurac(yInoiftiathlse)

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electronicrecordsandthereisnoproperreasontoobjecttosuchrecords’accuracy;

Intheeventthattheevidencecanprovethattheelectronicrecordsarerecordedorstoredbythepartyhavingcontradictoryinterestswiththeotherpartythatusessuchelectronicrecordsastheevidenceinthelegalproceedings,or

Whenthereisevidencethattheelectronicrecordsarenormallyrecordedorstoredforusualbusinesspurposesbythepersonwhoisnotapartyinthelegalproceedingsandsuchpersonhasnotrecordedorstoredtheelectronic record under the management of the party using suchelectronicrecordsastheevidenceinthelegalproceedings.

Article37.-Accuracyofinformation

Unlessprovedtothecontrary,theelectronicrecordswhicharerecordedorstoredinelectronicsystemsshallbeassumedasaccurateinthelegalproceedingsifsuchelectronicrecords:

Are still complete and unmodified, other than for any additionalendorsementoranyunimportantchangehappeningintheregularprocessofcommunication,storageordemonstration;

Arespecifiedorsignedinanelectronicformbymeansgivenbysecurityprocedureproviderswhoaredulylicensed;

Areaccurateandofcontentspecifiedbythecompetentministriesorinstitutions;

Arerecordedinastoragedeviceorinotherelectronicmeansnotallowinganychangetotheelectronicrecords;

Arecheckedandtheaccuracyiscertifiedbytheexpertappointedbythecourt;

Whenthereisfact-supportingevidence,specifyingthattheelectronicsystemsorothersimilardevicesfunctionnormallyatanytimeofessenceorincasetheelectronicsystemsorothersimilardevicesmalfunctionorcompletelyfailyettheaccuracyofsuchrecordhasnotbeenimpactedasaresultofthosesituationsandthereisnoproperreasonleadingtosuspicionofsuchrecords’accuracy,or

Whentheevidencecanshowthattheelectronicrecordsarerecordedorstoredbythepartytakingpartinthelegalproceedingsandthepartyhascontradictoryconflictofinterestswiththeotherpartythatwishtousetheelectronicrecords.

Whentheevidencecanshowthattheelectronicrecordsarenormallyrecordedorstoredforusualbusinesspurposesbythepersonwhoisnotapartyinthelegalproc