国际交流英语视听说B4U3Unit3script

UnitThree

AnalyticalListening

Listening1ANewsReport

Announcer:Whatisbeauty?Anoften-quotedexpressionis“Beautyisonlyskindeep”.Inotherwords,someonecanbebeautifulontheoutside,butbemeanorunpleasantontheinside.Anotherfamoussayingis“Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder”.Thatistosay,eachperson,sideaofbeautyisdifferent.Butisittruethateachpersonperceivesbeautydifferently?Or,doesoursocialandculturalbackgroundinfluenceourideasaboutbeauty?WeturntoreporterGwenSilvafortheanswertothisquestion.

Reporter:It,ssaidthatbeautyliesintheeyeofthebeholder,yettheoppositeseemstobetrue.Peoplewithinacultureusuallyhavesimilarideasaboutbeauty.Numerousstudiesonbeautyhavehadsurprisingresults.Thesestudieshaveshownthatmostpeoplebelievethataveragefacesarethemostbeautifulfaces.

ItwasJudithLanglois,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,whoshowedthatmostpeoplethinkaveragelookingfacesarebeautiful.Inaddition,theresearchshowsthatabeautifulfaceisasymmetricalface.Toputitanotherway,ifbothsidesofthefaceareexactlythesame,weconsiderapersonbeautiful.Extremevariationsinsymmetryareusuallynotconsideredbeautiful,Langloissays,andmayevenbedisturbingtoobservers.

ThelatestresearchonfacialbeautywascompletedbypsychologistsPamelaM.Pallett,StephenLink,andKangLee.Theseresearcherswereinterestedinfindingoutiftherewasarelationshipbetweenthepartsofthefacethatpeopleconsideredtobemostbeautiful.So,infourseparateexperimentstheresearchersaskeduniversitystudentstocompareimagesof12faces.Eachfacewasactuallythesameperson一butthereweredifferentdistancesbetweentheeyesandthemouth.

Aftertheexperiments,theresearchersdiscovereda“goldenratio”一theidealdistancebetweentheeyes,themouth,andtheedgeoftheface.Faceswerejudgedmostbeautifulwhenthedistancebetweentheeyesandthemouthwas36percentofthelengthoftheface.Notsurprisingly,thesemeasurementsareexactlythoseofan“average”face.

Scientistshavealsostudiedtheroleofbeautyintheattractionbetweenthesexes.InstudiesbypsychologistsVictorJohnstonandDavidPerrett,menconsistentlypreferredwomenwithlargeeyes,fulllips,andasmallnoseandchin.ThinkofclassicbeautiessuchasElizabethTaylorandAudreyHepburnor,nowadays,AngelinaJolieorHalleBerry.Thispreferenceforbigeyesandfulllipsisnotrandom.AccordingtoanthropologistDonSymons,thebraintellsmenthatfulllipsandbigeyesequalhealthandtheabilitytoproducehealthybabies.It,saninstinctthathasevolvedoverahundredthousandyears,Symonsbelieves.

However,noteveryoneagrees.Anthropologistsdonotagreethatthereisonestandard

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ideaofbeauty.Aroundtheworld,differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutwhatconstitutesbeauty.Forexample,theMayanpeopleofCentralAmericaconsideredcrossedeyesbeautiful.AnumberofAfricantribesthinkscarsmakebothmenandwomenmorebeautiful.AmongtheMaoripeopleofAustralia,awomanisconsideredmostbeautifulwhenherlipsaretattooedblue.

Itdoesappear,therefore,thattheoldsayingiswrong:Beautydoesnotlieintheeyeofthebeholder.Well,atleastnotentirely.Peoplefromthesamecultureusuallyenvisionbeautyinthesameway,buttherearemanyvariations—andmanydifferenttypesofbeauty—aroundtheworld.ThishasbeenGwenSilva,reporting.

Listening2AnInformalConversation

Sandra:I,msohungry.Ihopethefoodcomessoon.

David:Me,too.

Ana:I,mnotsohungryyet,soIdon,tmindwaiting.Hey一bytheway-Iforgottoaskyouaboutthefashionshow.Dad,didyoulikeit?

David:Actually,yes.I,mreallygladyourmotherconvincedmetogo.Itwasreallyinteresting.

Ana:Anddidyoulikeittoo,Mom?

Sandra:Idid.Itcertainlywasn,taboringfashionshow.Theclothesweresoimaginative,weren,tthey?

David:Yes.

Sandra:Thatantigravityjacketwaslikeapieceofsciencefiction.

Ana:Antigravityjacket?Whatexactlyisanantigravityjacket?

David:Iguessyoucouldsayit'saballoon.

Sandra:Right...well,it,spartballoon,butit,salsopartjacket.Whenthewearertakesitoff,itjustfloatsinmid-airlikeaballoon.

Ana:Thatsoundscool!

Sandra:Oh,itwas.Thedesigner,AlexSoza,saidhegetshisideasfromdaydreams,andtheantigravityjacketwasjustoneofhisdaydreams.

David:Thatjacketwasinteresting,Iguess.ButwhatamazedmewasthevestmadeofKevlar.

Ana:Sorry,whatdoes“Kevlar"mean?

David:Well,Kevlarisaman-madefiberandtheyuseittomakeaclothwhichisstrongerthansteel.You,veprobablyheardofitbefore.PoliceofficerswearKevlar-orbullet-proofvests—sometimestomakesuretheydon,tgethurtiftheyareshot.

Ana:Oh,thafsright.Iknowwhatyou,retalkingaboutnow.

Sandra:Kevlarisusedinropes,too—forastronautsinspace.

David:Amodeldressedasapoliceofficerwaswalkingapolicedog,andthedogwaswearingaKevlarvest.

Sandra:Oh,yeah.Thatdogwascute,wasn,the?

Ana:It,samazingthatKevlarcanactuallystopbullets!Itmustbeverystrong.David:Oh,yes,itis.Butitwasdevelopedbackinthe1960s.Thesedaysthey,reworkingonfibersthatareconsiderablystronger.

Ana:Really?Likewhat,forexample?

Sandra:Well,theysaidatthefashionshowthatspidersilkisanaturalfiberthatisfivetimesasstrongassteel.Andtextilemanufacturerswouldlovetogetalotofspidersilkatonce,butit,sdifficulttoraiselargegroupsofspiderstogether.

Ana:Why?

David:Umm,becausespiderssometimeseateachother.

Ana:Eww!

Sandra:Instead,somescientistshavefoundaninterestingalternative.TheycallitBioStrong,don,tthey?

David:Actually,no,Ithinkit,scalledBioSteel.

Sandra:Oh,thafsright.ScientistsmakeBioSteelbyinsertingthespider-silkgeneintogoats.So,nowthegoatsproducespider-silkproteinintheirmilk,andscientistshavederivedasuperstrongfiberfromthegoatmilk.

Ana:That'sneat.Whatdotheyuseitfor?

Sandra:Theysaidthatinsteadofusingrocketstotransportthingsintospace,theyenvisionthatBioSteelwillhelppullthingsuptospaceanddownagainwithouthavingtouserockets.

Ana:That,sreallyamazing.

David:So,whatdidyoudothisweekend,Ana?

Ana:Well,myfriendwasexhibitingsomeofherdesignsatanartgallerydowntown,soIwentthere.Shedesignswearableelectronics.

Sandra:Whatdoyoumeanby“wearableelectronics”?

Ana:Well,wearableelectronicsintegrateclothesandelectronics.Shemakessomereallyusefulpieces一forexample,ajacketwithacellphonerightinthecollar.MyfavoriteitemthoughwastheGPSsneakers,um,sneakerswithaglobalpositioningsysteminthem...Toallowparentstotracklostchildrenorrescueteamstotracklosthikers.

David:Howinnovative!Anditsoundsreallyuseful,too.

Ana:Oh,yes,definitely.Now,where,sourfood?I,mstarving.

ViewingtheWorld

Narrator:InnorthwestThailand,closetotheBurmeseborder,liesarefugeecamp.Itharborsanunusualtribe.StretchednecksandcollarsmadeofbrassringsdefinethesewomenasPadaung.Forcenturies,thePadaungwomenhavecarriedthetribe,smark,thecollarknownashcaung.Buteachofthembeganthepainfulprocessasagirl,whenherbonesweresmallandflexible.Evenontheyoung,however,thecoilsareuncomfortable.Toachievethestretched-necklookofherelders,she,llhavetoreturneveryfewyearstohavemorecoilsadded.Thecollarcontinuestohurt,butforPadaunggirls,painisarequirementofbelonging.Thelong-necklookisactuallyanillusion.

Manang:Whenyouweartherings,itisnotyourneckthatgetslonger.Itisyourshouldersthatgetspusheddownandlowered.

Narrator:Asthecoilgrows,itspressurepushesdownontheshouldersandchest.Theribcagecaveslikeasqueezedballoonandtheneckappearstorisehigherfromthecollapsedcollarbones.Theintentionaldeformationmightseemcrueltooutsiders,buttothePadaung,thehcaungisthesignaturemarkofatribeswoman.ButtheextremepracticethatidentifiedthemasPadaungalsomarkedthemforpersecutionintheirhomelandofBurma,nowcalledMyanmar.

In1962,themilitarytookcontrolofthecountry,promisingmodernization.Thenewleadersdisapprovedoftribesthatweredeemedprimitive,andtribalcustoms,includingthehcaung,weremadeillegal.Tomaintaintheiridentityandescapecivilwar,ManangandothersfledtotheneighboringcountryofThailand.Althoughsafefromwar,thetribeisnowcaughtbetweentwocountriesandtwoworlds.

Narrator:Housedinrefugeecamps,thePadaunghavedrawncrowdsofWesterntourists,whotravelheretowitnessthetribe,sancientways.Unexpectedly,whatwasonceapersecutedmarkofidentityisnowaprofitablewaytomakealiving.

Today,Mabangwillhavetheopportunitytofindouthowshe,lllookwithoutherbrasscollar.After10years,it,stimefortheringstoberefitted.Itwilltakeclosetoanhourofpullingatthebrassbeforetheringscanbeliftedfromhershoulders.

Mabangisastonishedathowlightshefeels.SheonlyspeakstheBurmesedialect,soMajahelpsherexpressherfeelings.

Maja:Well,wenevergettoseewhatthenecklookslike,sowewanttohavealookandseehowitturnedout.

Narrator:Foroutsiders,it,sincredibletoimagineneverseeingone,sownneck.ForMabang,it'satransformativeexperience.

Maja:Shewantstodressupinregularclothesandletherhairdownandseeifshewilllookpretty.

Narrator:Asexcitedasshewastotryonanewidentity,Mabangeagerlyreturnstoheroldone,eventhoughitmaybeyears,evendecades,beforesheseesherneckagain.

Maja:Shesays,thisisourtradition,soitdoesnotfeelstrange.

Narrator:ForMabang,theembraceofcoiledmetaloffersapassagebacktowhosheis,notarestrictiononwhoshemightbe.Asrefugees,thePadaunghaveenduredmuchinordertopreservetheirculture,andtheircustoms.Today,theseringsofbrassrepresentonetribe,scommitmenttoafuturethatdoesnotsacrificeitspast.

FurtherListeningListening1

Intheworldofhigh-fashionmodels,youdon,tseethevariationsinbodytype

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thatyoufindwithrandompeopleonthestreet.Infact,theclassicrunwaymodelisskinny,orthin.Manypeoplearedisturbedbyextremelythinmodelsinfashionshowsandmagazines.Somemodelshaveaheight-to-weightratiothatisunhealthy.Forexample,amodelwithanunhealthyheight-to-weightratiomightbearound173centimeterstallbutweighonly49kilograms.

Themodelingbusinessisslowlyevolving,andthetypeofmodelthatdesignerspreferischanging.Inthepast,fashionshowsconsistentlyfeaturedextremelyskinnymodels.Now,healthy-lookingmodelsarealsoappearingonrunways.Insomecountries-Australia,forexample-thegovernmenthasevenaskedfashiondesignersandmagazinestostophiringextremelythinmodelsforfashionshowsandphotoshoots.Nowwhendesignersthinkaboutpresentingtheirclothesinafashionshow,theyoftenenvisiontheirclothesonpeoplewithdifferentbodytypes.Asaresult,people,sperceptionoffashionmodelsandtheiropinionofwhatconstitutesbeautyarestartingtochange.

Listening2

Haveyoueverconsideredcosmeticsurgery?Theideaofchangingone,slookssurgicallydisturbsorevenfrightensmanypeople.Still,peop