初中非谓语动词-动名词及分词讲解及练习

初中语法总结及练习〔九〕非谓语动词-动名词及分词动名词动名词同时具有特性及的特征，它的动词特征是它可有宾语和状语；它的名词特征是它可做主语、宾语。动名词的形式：否定式为doing,完成式为，被动式为/havingbeendone口动名词可充当：主语(Seeingisbelieving);※谓语动词必须用数形式,作表语(be+:注意比较Hisjobiswashingclothes/heiswashing<现在分词〉clothes)；作定语readingroom※动名词与所修饰的名词没有逻辑主谓关系试比较missingv现在分词>bike);作补语IsawthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.(我把这叫做拆了东墙补西墙)；作词、词的宾语(如enjoydoing,lookforwardtodoing)□动名词与不定式作直接宾语时在含义上的区别①forgetdoing/todosth.②rememberdoing/todosth.③stopdoingsth.和stoptodosth.④regretdoingsth.表示“后悔过去做过的某一件事情”regrettodosth.意思是“对正在做的，或者是还未做的事情表示后悔”。⑤want,need,require表示“需要”的意思时，后面常使用动名词或不定式的被动式。Thiscarneedsrepairing.—>Thiscarneeds(repair).□动名词的常用句型①go+doingsth.去做②beworthdoingsth.③can'thelp+doingsth.④beusedto+doingsth.⑤Itisnouse(good)+doingsth.⑥forgivesb.fordoingsth./preventsb.fromdoingsth.®without+doingsth.没有做就Shekeptsittingtherewithoutsayingtoanybody.她一直坐在那里，默不做声。⑧no+doing...表示“禁止，不准”。Noparking.分词分为分词和分词两种形式。□现在分词与过去分词的比较①所表示的语态不同：现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，常用于修饰；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明的情况。如：anexcitingfilm/theexcitedpeople②所表示的时间不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词是说明了的动作或行为。如：developingcountries/developedcountries③所表示的语义不同：多数现在分词可译为“使人怎样……”用来说明事或物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样……”，说明人的感觉。其它：moving/moved,amusing/amused,boring/bored,astonishing/astonished,discouraging/discouraged,disappointing/disappointed,frightening/frightened,inspiring/inspired,amazing/amazed④所用的修饰语不同:现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语，而过去分词之前常用much。Thegameisveryexciting.We'reexcitedatthegame.现在分词有词和形容词的双重特性，可作定状补表，有时式和语态的变化，有逻辑主语。①现在分词常可用作定语、表语<常表示性质，不表动作>(interesting,)※现在分词短语一般置于所饰的名词之Thecarparkingunderthetree.②现在分词用作补语※表示感官的动词接现在分词，表示动作正在发Motice,watch等)或使役动词(have,get,keep,leave等)如：Ikepttheboy(wait).※用作主补，常用于被．．．．动语态中如：Hewasseenstealingmoney.③现在分词常可用作状语X表时间，可置于句首、中、末，如：Shedroveaway(cry).分词动作与谓语动作同时发生。加瓦诺tothetop,Isawit.分词动作与谓语动作先后发生Not(finish)thehomework,hehadtostayuplateatnight.完成式表示分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。※现在分词之前可用连词when或while(e.g.whensleeping)强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。※表原因，可置于句中、末，如:(be)sickIstayedathome.X表条件，可置于谓语之前或之后，如：I,llbebetteroffwalking.※表让步，如：(know)this,theymademepayforthiscoat.※表结果、方式，如：Shethrewthedollonthefloor(break)ittopieces;④现在分词短语具有替代从句的作用※替代定语从句Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.(=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.)派替代状语从句的作用Knowingthathecouldn'tsolvetheprobleminthisway,hechangedhismind.(—Becauseheknewthathecouldn'tsolvetheprobleminthisway,hechangedhismind.)※分词的独立主格结构分词或者分词短语作状语使用时，其逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，须在分词之前加上它的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构fteralittlewhile,hereyesbeingfulloftears、themothercameoverandembracedhim.□经常使用现在分词的句型bebusy+doingsth./spend(waste)time(money)+doingsth./catch(find)sb.+doingsth.抓住、发现某人在做某事Ifoundmyselflyingontheground.(二IfoundthatIwaslyingontheground.)/havesb.+doingsth.让(请)某人做某事e.g.Doyouhaveanybodysendingyourdaughterhome?/keepsb.+doingsth让某人持续做某事过去分词具有___词和形容词的双重特性。在句中的作用相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用作定、状、补、表语。□过去分词可用作定语＜常表已完成的动作，但过去分词短语作定语时常置于所修饰的名词之＞；用作表语，如besurprisewith＜有时可用于倒装句中，如Gonearethedays＞。口用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随。派(When/while)Heated,thementale印ands.(受热即膨胀)^Gonefromhomesolong,helooksforwardtothemeetingwithhisoldfriends.XUnited,westand;divided,wefall.X(Although)Fellfarbehindfromtheothers,hestillkeepsontrying.＞^Shestoodtheremuchdisappointed.(填写时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随)□用作补语※用作宾补时,其前的动作多为感官动词和使役动词nd,leave,want,dlike＞。E.g.Heishavingtheirhouse(paint).※用作主家Irhefireisreportedcontrolled.口用作表语时，相当于形容词；过去分词用于被动态时，则表动作。Theroadiscompleted.(竣工)专项练习:.Nooneenjoysat.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin.Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven.—Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking

.Hisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewentonalettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof.OnlyEnglishdoesn'tmeanthelanguage.A.tolearn；tolearnB.learning；learningC.learningabout；learnD.learningabout；learning.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed.Shedecidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinishmycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired.It'snogoodoversplitmilk.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry.Haveyouforgotten$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaserememberittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing.Theclassroomwants.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmindforus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited.Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped.WeshouldoftenpracticeEnglishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking.Keeponandyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying.Hisparentsinsistontocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo.Thestorywassofunnythatwe.A.couldn'thelplaughB.can'tbutlaughA.couldn'thelplaughB.can'tbutlaughC.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh.thenewsofhisfather'sdeath,heburstintotears.XA.AfterhearingB.OnhearingC.WhilehearingD.Havingheard22.Iregrettedthattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD./.cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.A.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.KeepingA.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping.SeeingisA.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved25．-What'smadeRuthsoupset?-threeticketstothefolkmusicconcert.A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseoflosingD.Sinceshelost26．Don'tforgetthisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturning27．Onlyoneofthesebooksis.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading28．Wearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.A.goingonvacationB.goonvacationC.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation29．Hehadnodifficultytheproblems.A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout30．-You'vedoneverywellthistime.-It'sreallykind.A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingsoC.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso31.Itisbettertoloseone'slifethan.A.ifyouloseyourspiritB.losinghisspiritC.toloseone'sspiritD.yourspiritgettinglost-Ican'tworkitoutthisway.-Whynotitsomeotherway?A.trytodoB.trydoingC.tryingtodoD.tryingdoingTosayisonething,andisanother.A.todoB.doingC.todoitD.sayingitSinceyoufinditdifficultadecision,you'dbetteradiscussionwithyourparents.A.reach;haveB.reaching;haveC.reach;havingD.toreach;have35.Hewouldrathergothanhereforthenight.A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayedThepurposeofmasteringanewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeI'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.expectsC.toexpectD.tobeexpectingThereisn'tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow.A.wheretochooseB.whattochooseC.whichtochooseD.tochoosewhichShedidn'tknowwhethertosellherbooksor.tokeepthemforreferenceifsheshouldkeepthemforreferencekeepingthemforreferencekeptthemforreferencePauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learningTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoThepatientwaswarnedoily（油腻）foodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingno