2023年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练25健康饮食（一）外研版

PAGEPAGE2话题语篇专攻练25健康饮食(一)(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AIthasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,“Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.〞TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholresearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.【文章大意】人们普遍认为经常饮酒会导致肥胖,但是最近研究人员发现适量饮酒可以起到减肥的效果,而且还可以防止糖尿病。1.Thepassageismainlyforthose______.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知,研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一局部,适当饮酒并不会导致发胖。全文都在表达与喝酒有关的研究,那么本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。应选B。2.Theunderlinedphrase“inmoderation〞inthefirstparagraphmeans______.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequently D.properly【解析】选D。词义猜想题。根据第一段第二句可知,尽管酗酒确实可以增加体重,但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词while可知上下文存在比照关系,所以画线局部应该和heavydrinkers对应,指那些适量饮酒的人。应选D。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage______.A.currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweightB.resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfatC.theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffectD.thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes,whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.〞可知Dr.HarveyFinkel指出适量饮酒对于糖尿病有保护作用。应选C。4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.〞可知一项研究说明葡萄和红酒中存在的resveratrol实际上可以破坏脂肪细胞。那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性。应选C。

B(2022·遵义模拟)Gettingenoughsleeponaregularbasisisoneimportantwaytoprotectthehealthofyourheart.Poorsleepisassociatedwitharangeofcardiovascular(心血管的)problems,includinghighbloodpressure,heartattack,andheartfailure.Bothmenandwomenareatincreasedriskfortheseconditions.Butwecontinuetolearnthatwhenitcomestohealthproblemsassociatedwithsleep,theparticularriskstomenandwomenarenotalwaysthesame.Anewstudysuggeststhatforwomenwhoalreadyhaveheartdisease,poorsleepmaybeparticularlydangeroustotheirhearthealth.Researchindicatesthatpoor-qualitysleep—andwakingtooearlyinparticular—isassociatedwithincreasedinflammation(炎症)amongwomenwithheartdisease.Therewasnosimilarassociationfoundformen,suggestingthatwomenwithheartdiseaseandsleepproblemsmaybeatparticularriskforinflammationthatcanbedamagingtotheheart.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscoinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweensleepqualityandinflammationlinkedtocoronary(冠状的)heartdisease.Theyalsosoughtinformationabouthowanassociationbetweensleepandinflammationmightdifferbetweenmenandwomen.Theirinvestigationincluded980menandwomenatfirst,and626completedthe5-yearstudy.Allofthoseincludedweresufferingforcoronaryheartdisease.Theaverageageofmeninthestudywas66.Womenwereslightlyyounger,withanaverageageof64.Researchersmeasuredsleepqualitybyaskingparticipantstoratetheirsleepoverthepreviousmonth.Theyalsoaskedforreportsofsomeofthemostcommonsleepproblems,includingdifficultyfallingasleep,difficultystayingasleep,wakingfrequentlythroughoutthenight,andwakingtooearlyinthemorning.After5years,researchersrepeatedtestsforinflammationandonceagainsoughtreportsonsleepqualityandsleepproblems.Whentheyanalyzeddataforbothmenandwomentogether,researchersfoundnolinksbetweeninflammationsandsleepquality.However,whentheyanalyzeddatatakinggender(性别)intoaccount,researchersfoundarelationshipbetweeninflammationandsleepexistedforwomen,butnotformen.【文章大意】一项新的研究说明,对于已经患有心脏病的女性来说,睡眠缺乏可能对她们的心脏健康特别的危险。5.Whenapersonsuffersfromsleepdisorder______.A.he/sheissuretohavecardiovascularproblemsB.he/shemaybeinastateofpoorhealthC.he/shemustbeindangerofheartdiseaseD.he/shemightgetonpoorlywithothers【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Poorsleepisassociatedwitharangeofcardiovascularproblems,includinghighbloodpressure,heartattack,andheartfailure.可知睡眠不好,他/她可能处于一种健康状况不佳的状态,应选B。6.Theresearchersdidthestudy______.A.tofindacureforwomenwithheartdiseaseB.toknowwhatcontributestoinflammationC.tolookintotherelationshipbetweensleepqualityandinflammationD.totrackthelifestyleofmenandwomen【解析】选C。目的意图题。根据第三段第一句ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscoinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweensleepqualityandinflammationlinkedtocoronaryheartdisease.可知是为了调查睡眠质量与炎症的关系。应选C。7.Whichofthefollowingisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.PoorSleepResultsinProblemsOnlyforAdultsB.LackofSleepCanLeadtoMuchInflammationC.SleepLossIstoIncreaseAnxietyDisordersD.Women’sSleepHabitsMayAffectHeartHealth【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句Anewstudysuggeststhatforwomenwhoalreadyhaveheartdisease,poorsleepmaybeparticularlydangeroustotheirhearthealth.一项新的研究说明,对于已经患有心脏病的女性来说,睡眠缺乏可能对她们的心脏健康特别的危险。应选D。Ⅱ.完形填空ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch__1__asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(传染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe__2__ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.__3__,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown’s__4__wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn’tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe__5__roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.__6__January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twentymorewere__7__.Nome’stownofficialscameupwitha(n)__8__.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby__9__fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers〞—would__10__ittoNomeinarelay(接力).TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.__11__hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon’sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto__12__afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost__13__partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould__14__,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowblockedhis__15__.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇路线)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto__16__thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog.Baltoputhisnosetotheground,__17__tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto__18__.Hehadfoundthetrail.At5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog__19__inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.Nomehadbeen__20__.【文章大意】文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1.A.examined B.warnedC.interviewed D.cured【解析】选A。Dr.Welch在检查患病儿童,并发现Billy患上了一种传染病。应选A。2.A.harmless B.helplessC.fearless D.careless【解析】选B。如果疾病在小镇蔓延,这里的孩子们会很无助(helpless)。应选B。3.A.Moreover B.ThereforeC.Otherwise D.However【解析】选D。根据上文Nome这个地方急需药品以及下文提到最近的可以取到药品的地方也在一千多千米之外,可知前后是转折关系。因此选D。4.A.airport B.stationC.harbor D.border【解析】选C。根据“soitcouldn’tcomebyship〞可知,这里指港口(harbor)结冰。应选C。5.A.narrow B.snowyC.busy D.dirty【解析】选B。根据第一段可知,大雪覆盖了道路,汽车和马都不能通行。应选B。6.A.From B.On C.By D.After【解析】选C。到一月二十六日,Bill和其他三个孩子已经病死了。应选C。7.A.tired B.upsetC.pale D.sick【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。四个孩子相继去世,还有二十多个患病(sick)。应选D。8.A.plan B.excuseC.message D.topic【解析】选A。当地的官员想到了一个方案。应选A。9.A.air B.railC.sea D.road【解析】选B。词汇复现题。根据下一段“fromthetrainatNenana〞可知,药物被用火车运到Nenana。应选B。10.A.carry B.returnC.mail D.give【解析】选A。然后再由乘坐狗拉雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆,carry运送,携带。11.A.Though B.SinceC.When D.If【解析】选C。当他把药物交给下一个人时,他的脸已经被冻得乌青。应选C。12.A.enter B.moveC.visit D.cross【解析】选D。根据“NortonSoundwascoveredwithice〞可知,NortonSound是一片冰冻的水域,Seppala必须穿过(cross)这片水域。应选D。13.A.shameful B.boringC.dangerous D.foolish【解析】选C。根据“whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning〞可知,这是路途中最危险的一局部。应选C。14.A.escape B.bleedC.swim D.die【解析】选D。一旦NortonSound破裂坍塌,Seppala可能会掉到冰水里死掉。应选D。15.A.memory B.exitC.way D.destination【解析】选C。巨大的雪堆一度挡住了Kaasen前进的路。memory回忆;exit出口;way路;destination目的地。应选C。16.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change【解析】选A。根据上文Kaasen离开雪橇的路线可知,当时环境太糟糕,使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的路线。find找到;fix安装;pass通过;change改变。应选A。17.A.pretending B.tryingC.asking D.learning【解析】选B。Kaasen的雪橇狗努力嗅着其他狗的味道。pretend假装;try努力;ask问,要求;learn学会。应选B。18.A.run B.leave C.bite D.play【解析】选A。Kaasen的雪橇狗找到了路线,开始奔跑起来,应选A。19.A.gathered B.stayedC.camped D.arrived【解析】选D。这里指终于到达诺姆小镇,arriveinsomeplace“到达某地〞,应选D。20.A.controlled B.savedC.founded D.developed【解析】选B。所有的孩子得到了救治,诺姆小镇得救了。control控制;save拯救;found建立;develop开展。应选B。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·揭阳模拟)Manyteensinhighschoolwanttotryoutforsportsbecausetheythinkitwillmakethemmorepopular.Therearelotsofotherbenefits1.________sportsthatteensmayoverlook(无视).WithTV,movies,computers,andvideogames2.________(become)moreandmorepopular,ithasbecomemuch3.________(easy)forteenstobebythemselvesratherthangoingoutwithfriends.Kidsusedtohangoutatthemallordrivearoundthetown;nowtheyjustsitathome.Gettingteensintoasportgivesthem4.________opportunitytogooutandsocialize.5.________theymaynotfindanewbestfriend,theywilllearnhowtointeractandworkasateam,somethingthatthey’llfind6.________(use)laterinlife.Moreandmorekid