2023年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题一语法基础考点九定语从句

PAGEPAGE12考点九定语从句限时25分钟一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。1．Canyoulendmethenovel________youtalkedabouttheotherday?答案which/that分析句子成分可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词为novel，因此用关系代词which/that。2．Afootballfanisaperson________hasastronginterestinfootball.答案who/that句意：球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人。分析句子成分可知，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用that/who。3．Isthereanyoneinyourclass________familyisinthecountry?答案whosewhose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。4．Thereason________Tominventedforhisbeinglatemadenosensetotheboss.答案that/which空格处在定语从句中作invented的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导。5．Hisbestmovie,________wonseveralawards,wasaboutthelifeofGandhi.答案which空格前有逗号与主句分开，是非限制性定语从句的标志，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。6．Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers.答案when句意：我永远也不会忘记和农夫一起住在农场的那些年。years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。7．Isthistheschool________someGermanfriendswentlastweek?答案where改为陈述语序为：ThisistheschoolwheresomeGermanfriendswentlastweek.不难看出，作表语的theschool是先行词。因为空格处在从句中作状语，所以应用关系副词where。8．Weallknowthatthisisthesecondbook________hehaseverwritten.答案that句意：我们都知道这是他曾经写的第二本书。领先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用that引导定语从句。9．________isoftenthecaseinChina,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.答案As此处为as引导的定语从句，as在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面的内容。10．Those________havesixormoreclosefriendsaredescribedas“veryhappy〞．答案who句意：那些有六个或更多亲密朋友的人常被认为是非常幸福的。此处用关系代词who代指先行词those，并作定语从句的主语。11．Facebookprovidesanetworkingplatform________communic-ationisfasterandeasier.答案where空格处在从句中作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where引导定语从句。12．MichelCroz,with________helpDaisypassedtheexam,wasoneofthestraightAstudentsoftheschool.答案whose句意：米歇尔·克罗是学校全优生之一，在他的帮助下黛西通过了考试。根据题干结构和句意可知，本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为MichelCroz，并且与从句中的名词help之间构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。13．Thehouse,theroofof________wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.答案whichtheroofofwhich相当于whoseroof，意思是“房子的房顶〞。14．LiLei,for________Englishwasoncedifficult,canspeakEnglishfluentlyasthoughhewereanativespeaker.答案whom句意：曾经英语对李磊而言还有点难，而现在李磊可以流利地说英语，好似他是一个以英语为母语的人。根据题干结构和句意可知，介词for后面是一个非限制性定语从句，从句的主语是English，先行词为LiLei，空格处在从句中作for的宾语，故用宾格whom。15．Iamlookingforaposition________myresearchandwritingskillscanbemadegooduseof.答案where句意：我正在找一份能充分利用我的研究和写作才能的工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词aposition，在从句中作抽象地点状语，因此应用关系副词where。16．Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof________satasmallboy.答案whichinfrontofwhich复原即infrontofthefarmhouse。infrontofwhich在从句中作状语。17．Iwanttousethesametools________wereusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.答案asas引导定语从句时通常构成such...as或thesame...as结构，其中such和thesame修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。此题中as作从句的主语。18．Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,________wasverykindofthem.答案whichwhich代替前面整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语。19．Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof________arewomen.答案whomtwothirdsofwhom即twothirdsofthe2,000workers。关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此用宾格whom。20．Perhapseachofushasmomentsinourlives________wedesperatelysearchforsomethingeverywherebutitisjustunderournoses.答案when分析题干可知，moments是先行词，“wedesperatelysearchforsomethingeverywhere〞是其定语从句，定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此应用关系副词when作为引导词。21．Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere________manyothersareshortof.答案which/that句意：这家饭店有一种其他饭店所缺少的吸引人的、像家一样的气氛。根据题干结构和句意可知，空格处引导的句子是定语从句，用来修饰先行词atmosphere，并且在从句中作areshortof的宾语，所以应用关系代词which/that。22．Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder________hadbeenhisteacher.答案who/that空格处代替先行词anelder，引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，故用who/that。23．Idon'tknowthereason________hecamesolate.答案why句意：我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。先行词为thereason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。24．Smoking,________isabadhabit,is,however,popular.答案which“________isabadhabit〞是非限制性定语从句，空格处在从句中作主语，因此用which。25．Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?答案that先行词gas被only修饰，关系词要用that，而不用which。26．SuddenlyIheardamanshoutingatadriver,________carwasblockingthestreet.答案whose句意：突然我听到一个人对一个司机喊了起来，那个司机的车挡住了路。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作car的定语，修饰先行词adriver。whosecar也可改写成：thecarofwhom。27．Theway________helooksatproblemsiswrong.答案that先行词是way且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句的关系词可以是that,inwhich或者略；假设先行词是way且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，那么关系词用that或which，作宾语时也可省略关系词。28．LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,for________Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.答案which空格处在定语从句中作介词for的宾语。forwhich引导定语从句，使用介词for，是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor“以……而闻名〞。29．Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings________theyrememberedatschool.答案that领先行词既有人又有物时，应用that引导该定语从句。30．Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,________wasnottrue.答案which句意：他说以前从未见过她，这不是真的。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代“hehadneverseenherbefore〞这件事。二、改正以下句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。1．Westillrememberthedayonwhichwespentintheoldhouse.________________________________________________________答案去掉on关系代词which在从句中作spent的宾语，因此去掉介词on。2．NancyenjoyedherselfverymuchlastweekwhereshevisitedherfriendsinSydney.________________________________________________________答案where→when先行词lastweek是表示时间的名词，因此用表时间的关系副词when来引导定语从句。3．Thatscientistwhoworkissuccessfulhasbeenmadeamodelworker.________________________________________________________答案who→whose先行词为scientist，且关系词后面是work，为名词，因此应用形容词性的关系代词whose来引导定语从句。4．Hisnewcar,forithepaid7,000pounds,hasalreadyhadtoberepaired.________________________________________________________答案it→which中间局部为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，故用which。5．Inourschoolthereare200computers,ofthem60%needreplacing.________________________________________________________答案them→which逗号后为定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，指代物computers，因此用关系代词which。6．Mr.Greenisamanwithrichexperience,that,obviously,makesothersrespecthim.________________________________________________________答案that→whichthat不能引导非限制性定语从句，应该用which，指代整个主句的内容。7．TheVoiceofChinahassetupastagewhichsomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams.________________________________________________________答案which→where先行词stage意为“舞台〞，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where。8．Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofthemIhadmetbefore.________________________________________________________答案them→whom先行词为人，关系词作介词of的宾语，故应用whom。9．Thatweekend,whatIhavemoretotellyouabout,Iendedupwithahappyhike.________________________________________________________答案what→which这是个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语且指先行词Thatweekend，因此用关系代词which。what不能引导定语从句。10．Cheerup!Everyonemayhaveperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemstough.________________________________________________________答案that→when先行词为period，关系词在从句中作状语，因此用关系副词when。11．Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wherewasverykindofhim.________________________________________________________答案where→which从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which，指代前面提到的整件事情。12．Whichweknow,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.________________________________________________________答案Which→Aswhich引导非限制性定语从句，一般跟在主句之后，所以此处应用As。asweknow“众所周知〞。13．EnglishistheonlyoneofthesubjectswhichIaminterestedin.________________________________________________________答案which→that先行词subjects前有theonlyone修饰，且从句中缺少宾语，故定语从句应用that来引导。14．Insevenyears,shewrotefourscriptsandaplay,noneofthathasseenthelightofday.________________________________________________________答案that→which先行词为物，故应用which引导定语从句且充当介词of的宾语。15．Theeggsyouboughtthemarebad.________________________________________________________答案去掉them先行词为theeggs，指物，故定语从句中应用that或which充当动词bought的宾语，且可以省略。故去掉them。定语从句(一)一、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词(也称为引导词)包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语Theworkthat/whichhasjustbeenfinishedisveryimportant.Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.Tomwaslateforworkagainthismorning,whichmadethebossangry.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.Thisisthesmallvillagewhere(inwhich)hewasborn.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.注意：①关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但作介词的宾语时不能省略；②关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代词〞来代替。二、只能用关系代词that的几种情况1．领先行词既有人又有物时。TheyaretalkingaboutthedirectorandhisfilmsthatIlikebest.2．领先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。Itisthefirst/bestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3．领先行词被theonly/thevery修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatisworthreading.4．领先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?5．当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?三、只能用关系代词which的几种情况1．“介词＋关系代词〞结构中指物的关系代词只能用which(指人时用whom)。ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied10yearsago.2．在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用which。Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasactuallywhatwewanted.限时25分钟一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。1．[2022·全国卷Ⅲ]SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.答案who句意：一些人认为生活在大约公元前551年到479年之间的中国的伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的开展进程。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。2．[2022·北京高考]Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.答案whose句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们家的孩子们总是很喧闹。此处用关系词whose在定语从句中作定语修饰children。3．[2022·天津高考]Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.答案when句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词是表示时间的名词nextweek，故用when引导。4．[2022·北京高考]OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.答案where句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些美妙的音乐。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。5．[2022·福建高考]ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.答案which本句使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。6．[2022·天津高考]Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,________Ihadn'tseenforyears.答案whom先行词为David，且非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，故填whom。7．[2022·四川高考]Oneimportantbiologicalfactor________helpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.答案that/which先行词为factor，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故应用that/which引导该定语从句。8．[2022·天津高考]Iwrotedownallthereasons________thisproblemcouldnotbesolved.答案why句意：我写下了问题不能得以解决的所有原因。先行词为reasons，定语从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。9．[2022·江苏高考]Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.答案as句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。本句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填as。asisreported“正如报道的那样〞。10．[2022·四川高考]Thebooksonthedesk,________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.答案whose句意：桌子上的那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。先行词为books，它与定语从句的主语covers是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。11．[2022·福建龙岩质检]AttherequestofsomeEnglishlearners,hehaspublishedalotofbooks,oneof________isaboutEnglishidioms.答案which句意：应一些英语学习者的要求，他出版了许多书，其中有一本是关于英语习语的。先行词为books，将先行词代入从句后为“OneofthebooksisaboutEnglishidioms.〞。由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，故答案为which。12．[2022·绵阳三校联考]Petertalkedaboutthebooksandteachers________influencedhimgreatlyintheschool.答案that'先行词为thebooksandteachers，在定语从句中作主语，既有人又有物，所以用关系代词that引导定语从句。13．[2022·湖南高考]Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.答案which句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。本句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为place，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Theplacelooksthesameas...〞。由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作主语且指事物，故用which。14．[2022·陕西高考]Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.答案when句意：作为家里孩子中最小的一个，亚历克斯一直渴望着他能够独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断，此句中thetime后面是一个定语从句，且空格处在从句中作状语，表示时间，所以要用关系副词when。15．[2022·合肥质检]Themotherthankedtheyoungmanagainandagain,without________helphersonwouldhavebeenkilledbythepassingcar.答案whose句意：这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人，如果没有他的帮助，她的儿子就被经过的汽车撞死了。分析句子成分可知，此处应用whose修饰名词help，引导非限制性定语从句。16．[2022·南昌三校联考]—WheredidyoumeetMr.Green?—Itwasinthehotel________hestayed.答案where句意：——你是在哪里见到格林先生的？——在他住的那家宾馆。先行词为thehotel，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。17．[2022·绵阳诊断]Weexpectyoutobecomesomeoneof________we'llfeelveryproudinthefuture.答案whom句意：我们期望将来你能成为我们为之骄傲的人。先行词为someone，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，且指人，故填whom。18．[2022·重庆南开月考]AccordingtoBeijingReview,Beijingwasattackedbysuchasandstorm________fewcitizenshaveexperiencedbefore.答案as句意：据?北京周报?报道，北京遭受了沙尘暴的袭击，没有多少市民以前经历过这样的沙尘暴。由such可知，此处应用as引导定语从句。19．[2022·潍坊模拟]Lifeislikeanonion,________sometimesmakesyouweepwhenyoutryopeningit.答案which句意：生活就像一个洋葱，当你尝试着剥开它时，它有时候会让你流泪。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词anonion，在从句中作主语。20．[2022·浙江高考]Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.答案which句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个是被证实的。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which〞引导。21．[2022·浙江高考]Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedtoapplyfortheone________reflectedmyinterest.答案that句意：当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。先行词为theone，所以关系词要用that。22．[2022·陕西高考]Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.答案that句意：请你把你手头的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为alltheinformation，由于先行词有all修饰，故必须填that。23．[2022·四川高考]Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.答案which句意：直到现在，我们已经为贫困的孩子筹集到了五万英镑，这真的出乎意料。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的关系词，指代上文提到的整件事情，故填which。24．[2022·江苏高考]Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.答案whom句意：许多年轻人都前往遥远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。先行词为youngpeople，故填whom作介词of的宾语。25．[2022·福建福州期中]Oncetherelivedarichman________wantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.答案who/that句意：城里曾经有个想为市民做些事情的富翁。根据空格处前后的结构分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰arichman，由于从句中缺少主语，故用who/that引导。26．[2022·四川联考]Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,after________hewentontoPekingUniversity.答案which句意：他在当地一所高中接受教育，后来考上了北京大学。指代“hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool〞，且作after的宾语，应用which。27．[2022·全国卷Ⅰ]ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid­1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter...答案when先行词为themid­1980s，空格处在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when。28．[2022·陕西渭南模拟]I'msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier,for________，Imustsay,Iapologize.答案which句意：很抱歉没能早点给你回信，对此我必须抱歉。关系词在从句中充当for的宾语，指“nottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier〞这件事，应用which。29．[2022·天津高考]Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.答案where句意：公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的气氛。空格处替代先行词atmosphere，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。在定语从句中，如果先行词为case,point,situation,stage,activity,occasion等表示抽象意义的名词作先行词，定语从句多用关系副词where引导。30．[2022·安徽高考]Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.答案which句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的根本技能。在名词skill之后是一个由“介词upon＋关系代词〞引导的定语从句，此处应填入关系代词which。二、改正以下句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。1．[2022·四川高考]ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite.________________________________________________________答案what→that/which或去掉what句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that，which或省略关系词。2．[2022·安徽高考]TheexactyearwhenAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2022.________________________________________________________答案when→that/which或去掉when句意：安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过确实切的年份是2022年。本句中先行词是theexactyear，关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故应用关系代词that/which或省略关系词。3．[2022·重庆模拟]Ican'tfindmydiary,whatisarealheadacheforme.________________________________________________________答案what→whichwhat不能用来引导定语从句。由逗号可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句内容，在从句中作主语。4．[2022·怀化模拟]Thementheirnameswerecalledlefttheroomandweretakentothevillage.________________________________________________________答案their→whose先行词men和names为所属关系，而their不能引导定语从句，故将their改为whose。5．[2022·绵阳诊断]Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidnottakemybadgradesasajudgmentofmyabilities.________________________________________________________答案which→that/who先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，而which不能指人，故将其改为that或who。6．[2022·重庆模拟]Thisisn'tthetrainonthatInormallytravel.________________________________________________________答案that→which“介词＋关系代词〞引导的定语从句中，先行词指物，故介词后用which不用that。7．[2022·成都月考]TheletterthatIopeneditwasn'tforme.________________________________________________________答案去掉it关系代词that替代先行词theletter在定语从句中作open的宾语，故将多余的it去掉。8．[2022·陕西模拟]ThereasonbecauseIdidn'tknowwasthatnoonehadtoldme.________________________________________________________答案because→whybecause不能引导定语从句，故将其改为why，why在定语从句中作状语。9．[2022·南昌三校联考]Ididn'tknowthenameofthemanhelpedme.________________________________________________________答案helped前加who/that关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省，故应补出此定语从句的主语。10．[2022·河北调研]HewastheonlyoneofthosestudentswhowerelearningChineseatthattime.________________________________________________________答案were→was定语从句的先行词是“oneof＋复数名词〞时，该定语从句的谓语动词用复数；当one由theonly修饰时，定语从句谓语动词用单数。11．[2022·湖南高考]Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhomaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.________________________________________________________答案whom→who先行词是those，指人，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。12．[2022·四川高考]Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwhichtheylive.________________________________________________________答案which前加in或which→where先行词是theenvironment,指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where/inwhich引导定语从句。13．[2022·陕西高考]Itisoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.________________________________________________________答案It→Asasisoftenthecasewithsb.“某人情况经常如此……〞。14．[2022·山东高考]Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwherewascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.____________