语料库在英语教学中的应用

语料库在英语教学中的应用

外研社2008暑期高校老师研修班研修汇报

汇报人李静主讲专家梁茂成教授北京外国语高校中国外语教化探讨中心专职探讨员,博士生导师.李文中教授河南师范高校外国语学院院长,博士,探讨方向为语料库语言学,语料库与外语教学探讨,计算机协助语言教学探讨.许家金博士北京外国语高校中国外语教化探讨中心专职探讨员.1.什么是语料库?2.谁能用到语料库?3.语料库在英语教学中的应用Acollectionofnaturallyoccurringlanguagetext,chosentocharacterizeastateorvarietyofalanguage(Sinclair1991)What’scorpora?特点:容量大,语料真实,检索快捷精确电脑语料库是一个由大量在真实状况下运用的语言信息集成的,可供计算机检索的,特地作探讨运用的巨型资料库.语料库的类型原始语料库(rawcorpora)将现实中运用的口头和笔头语用文字形式收集起来,按确定的原则(语域,语体,历时,共时等)归类汇编起来的各种语料库.驸码语料库(annotatedcorpora),这是指对原始语料进行了词性,语法,语音,语义或语篇的语料库学习者语料库(learnerscorpora),即非母语学习者的口头和书面语料库,其中包括注有学习者拼法和语法差错标记以及改错提示的语料库.如ICLE(国际英语学习者书面语料库),LINDSEI(国际英语学习者口语语料库),(中国英语学习者书面语料库)(桂师春2001)和(中国学生英语口笔语语料库.(文秋芳王立非)Corpora’sUsersEFLteachersLanguagelearnersTextbookmakersLexicographersCorpusresearchersLinguistsofmanykindsComputationallinguistsAutomatictranslationOnedoesn’thavetobeacomputerexpertoraprogrammertousecorpora.语料库在英语教学中的应用语料库将大量有真实语境意义的实例以数据或语境共现的形式呈现在学习者面前,能够形成一种吸引学习者留意力,有利于强化记忆以及帮助学习者利用语境获得语义和总结规律的学习环境.利用语料库信息检验教学大纲的语法排序CanmustmayshallwillMindt(英国口语语料库)的前12篇以英语为本族语者的对话语料调查中发觉,will的出现频率仅次于can,大大高于must和may.begoingto放在will前教利用语料库信息编排教学内容Some用于确定句,any一般用于否定句和疑问句.50%的any竟是用于确定式陈述句30%-40%的any用于否定式陈述句10%用于疑问句初中英语教材第一册69例any中,44例为否定句,25例为疑问句,无一例为确定句语料库干脆用做课堂教材从语料库选取一批/篇文章,或者针对某一语法句型和词汇事先从语料库里提取一批实例,稍做处理之后便可拿到课堂上运用,使学生接触到大量真实,簇新的阅读材料.由学生干脆参与选材选例的过程.如将某报刊文章制作成报刊语料库光盘作为学生的英语阅读课教材.词汇教学Variablevarious语法教学关于which的问题哪些例句显示which不是用做关系代词,依据是什么?哪些例句中的which可以用that替代?为什么有的例句中的which不能用that来替代?Beforeclass…

QuestionsweoftenponderVocabularylearningWhatarethecommonwords(常见词)andtheircommonuses(常见用法)?Howaboutthecollocation(搭配)ofaword?Whataretheprobablecollocates(可能搭配)ofaword?Whatisthesemanticpreference（语义上的选择，情感上的倾向等）

ofaword?Beforeclass…

SpecificquestionsforclassroomteachingHowmanywordsareusedinatext(oracollectionoftexts),andhowoften?Howlongarethosewords,sentences,andparagraphs?Whatarethemostcommonwordsinatext?Howmuchvocabularyisneededtoreadaspecifictext?Howmanywordsdothestudentsalreadyknow，howmanytheymaynotknow,andhowmanywordsarenotonthelistspecifiedinasyllabus?Howtodeterminethedifficultylevelofatextcomparedwithatextbookmaterial?Whatarethosewordsthatthestudentsfrequentlyusedintheirwritings?Inclass…

HowcanIparaphraseaword,asentence,andevenawholetext?HowshouldIlookfortheinstancesofawordoraphraseinthesimilarcontext?HowshouldIdesignexercises,quizzes,andotherfollow-upactivitiesbasedthereallanguagedata?HowshouldIdealwithgrammar,lexisandpatterns?HowshouldIknowwhichwordsareuniquetoaparticulartext?Afterclass…

AssessinglearningWhatarethetypicalproblemsencounteringourlearners?GrammarUseofwordUseofidiomsandcollocationsUseofpatternsSpokenandwrittendiscoursetranslationLearningdevelopmentWhatfactorscontributetoourlearners’proficiency?Arethereanydevelopmentstages?Afterclass…

TestinglearnersStudents’writingsOthertestitems例一对freehand的索引分析例二搜寻一下knowledge这个词在英语为母语和英语为非母语的语料中的动词搭配例三高校英语学生作文中knowledgeabilitysociety搭配的动词有哪些,特征是什么?例四学生习作高分组和低分组产出性词汇差异例5利用Antcorn软件对比分析NewYorkTime和ChinaDaily对汶川地震报道的用词差异ChinaDaily多次运用quake,而NewYorkTime运用词汇更丰富ChinaDaily中出现的地名较多,而NewYorkTime运用的地名较笼统常用语料库资源介绍见光盘others,Corpusindex语料库搜寻软件和搜寻网址介绍Usingcorpora…MakingwordlistsRankingandsortingGroupingwordfamilies:lemmaSpeciallists:affixes,categoriesWordclusterlistUsingwordlistsComparison&contrastDistributionandrecurrencesIntegratingwithathirdpartysoftwaretoolUsingcorpora…KWIC(keywordincontext):word-basedanalysisAwordstringAwordsequenceCollocation&collocatesPatternsPhraseologyandunitofmeaningKWIC&category-basedanalysisPOSanalysisPatternColligationSentencestructureUsingcorpora…Text-basedanalysisKeyword,keykeyword,associatesPlotanalysisGenreanalysisDiscourseanalysisSpokendiscourseanalysisWrittendiscourseanalysisCriticaldiscourseanalysisSpecialdiscourseanalysisUsingcorpora…LearnercorporaLearnerlanguageanalysisContrastInterlanguageanalysisAutomaticwritingratingTranslationstudiesParalleltexts:lookingfortranslationfactsTranslationunits,correspondingunitsUsingcorpora…UseintheclassroomDDL(data-drivenlearning)Web-basedlearningTextbookcorpusUsingmultimediacorpusWhatelse…ConstructingacorpusExploreitsusesDoingresearchButhow…Bo