人体寄生虫学课件：双语寄生虫实验一吸虫

人体寄生虫学实验ExperimentofhumanParasitology实验室规则与注意事项

1.进实验室上课时必须穿白大衣，携带实验指导等。

2.按时上课，特殊情况外出或早退应向任课老师请假。

3.遵守课堂纪律，保持实验室的安静，不进行与实验无关的活动。

4.操作时要耐心细致，自已动手，独立完成作业。

5.爱护示教标本，不要随意移动镜下示教标本；爱护个人使用标本，每次下课前，请将标本清点后按顺序放好；标本有遗失或损坏应报告老师,并按学校规定进行适当赔偿。

6.实验动物尸体、玻片、器皿、垃圾等放到指定地点。

7.每次课后安排值日生清扫地面、清洁桌面、关好水、电、门窗等。寄生虫标本类别寄生虫标本一般分为三大类，即大体标本、针插标本和玻片标本。观察时应分别采取不同的方法。

1.大体标本：主要为较大的寄生虫虫体及其所引起的器官病理标本，可用肉眼或放大镜观察。观察时，首先要辨认是何种寄生虫，何阶段，然后仔细观察其形态、大小、颜色和结构，再结合致病与诊断，达到系统掌握；如为病理标本，则应联系寄生虫的致病机制，掌握其病理改变的特征。

2.针插标本：一般为昆虫标本，装于玻璃管中，用肉眼或放大镜观察，了解外观基本结构特征。

3.玻片标本：分为整封标本、涂片标本和切片标本。①整封标本：如封虫卵标本片，样本被封存在载玻片和盖玻片之间，观察时选择中央透亮区。②涂片标本：如疟原虫血片，这类标本清洗时要特别小心，以免将血膜擦拭掉。③切片标本：如旋毛虫囊包的肌肉组织切片。观察寄生虫标本注意事项

玻片标本是学习寄生虫要求观察和掌握的主要标本,在观察过程中:1.必须按上、下、左、右顺序进行观察，以免遗漏(如图1)；2.由于寄生虫标本的大小、厚薄和着色的深浅程度不同，观察时所要求的放大倍数和光线强弱也不相同，应在观察过程中随时作出相应调整，以达到最佳观察效果；3.原则要求先在低倍镜下找到目标并移至视野中央，然后转换高倍镜观察其细微结构，原虫标本则需转到油镜。期评成绩=期考成绩*65%+平时成绩*20%+标本考试成绩*15%。

1.不安排段考；

2.实验课结束时安排1次标本考试；

3.平时成绩=2次测验平均成绩*10%+实验报告平均成绩*10%期评成绩评定方法Experiment1FlukesClassTrematode吸虫纲.Clonorchissinensis

华支睾吸虫.Fasciolopsisbuski

布氏姜片吸虫.Paragonimuswestermani

卫氏并殖吸虫.Paragonimusskrjabini

斯氏并殖吸虫.Schistosomajaponicum

日本血吸虫

-MastermorphologicalfeaturesofeggsofClonorchissinensis,Fasciolopsisbuski,Paragonimuswestermani,andSchistosomajaponicum.

-Familiarwithpatternoflifecycleofclasstrematode.

-Understand

morphologicalfeaturesofflukeadults.PurposeandRequirements：Clonorchis

sinensis(Liverfluke)华支睾吸虫(肝吸虫)

adultwormOralsucker口吸盘Ventralsucker腹吸盘Intestine肠支Uterus子宫Seminalreceptacle受精囊Ovary卵巢Testes睾丸Vitellinegland卵黄腺1.Sucker:oralsuckerandventralsucker.2.Digestivesystem:mouth,pharynx,esophagusandintestinalceca.3.Reproductivesystem:hermaphroditism(雌雄同体).♂:testis,vasefferens,vasdeferens,seminalvesicle,ejaculatoryductandgenitalpore.♀:ovary,oviduct,seminalreceptacle,Laurer’scanal,vitellineduct,vitellinegland,ootype,Mehlis'gland,uterusandgenitalpore.4.Excretorysystem:excretorybladderandexcretorypore.-AdultwormsofC.

sinensisparasitizeinbiliaryducts.1）Shape:sesame-likeshape

2）Size:sesame(10X10)3）Color:yellowish-brown4）Eggshellfeatures:thickeggshell,ovumoperculum,shoulderpeak,protuberance

5）Content:onemiracidium2.EggEggshell卵壳Miracidium毛蚴Protuberance小疣Ovumoperculum

卵盖Shoulderpeak肩峰

10X

SporocystofC.sinensis-呈长袋状，内含许多胚细胞团

Redia

of

C.sinensis

-呈袋状或圆筒形，体前端有口、咽，后接一囊状原肠。体内含许多胚细胞团，可发育分化为许多尾蚴。

CercariaofC.sinensis-分体部和尾部，体部可见口、腹吸盘，尾部有鳍。-Themetacercariaistheinfectedstage.Excretorybladder排泄囊ExcretorybladderLarva

MetacercariaofC.sinensis

Thefirstintermediatehostof

C.sinensisBithynia豆螺属Parafossarulus

沼螺属Thesecondintermediatehostof

C.sinensis

--Thefreshwaterfishandshrimp-MainlycatsanddogsThereservoirhostof

C.sinensis

Fasciolopsisbuski

布氏姜片吸虫/姜片虫F.buski

Adultof

F.buski（1）Size-Stainsample(2)Sucker-Ventralsuckerisundertheoralsucker,4-5timesmorethantheoralsucker.(3)Thedigestivesystem

-Mouth,pharynx,esophagusandintestinalceca.-Intestineisdividedinto2branches,bendingdown.(4)Malereproductivesystem-Cirrus,prostateandcirruspouch.

阴茎袋-OtherstructuresaresimilartoC.sinensis.Seminalvesicle储精囊Uterus子宫Cirrus阴茎Prostate前列腺(5)Femalereproductivesystem-Noseminalreceptacle受精囊;-Vitellineglandbecomeprosperous;-OtherstructuresaresimilartoC.sinensis.卵黄腺-Adultsparasitizeinsmallintestine.Alive

adultsof

F.buski1)Shape:ovalshape.

2)Size:peanutsize(10X10),thelargestegg.3)Color:lightyellow.4)Eggshellfeatures:thineggshell,ovumoperculumisnotapparent.5)Content:oneovotid,about20-40ofyolkcells.2.EggofF.buskiOvumoperculum卵盖—Eggshell

卵壳Yolkcells卵黄细胞Ovotid

卵细胞2.EggofF.buskiYolkcells卵黄细胞Ovotid

卵细胞Ovumoperculum卵盖Biomphalariabulinus/planorbid扁卷螺3.Intermediatehostof

F.buskiWatercaltrop菱角Redwatercaltrop红菱

Waternut荸荠Waterhyacinth水葫芦Duckweed浮萍Waterbamboo茭白4.Aquaticplantmedia

5.

Metacercariaof

F.buski

-Themetacercariaistheinfectedstage.-PigReservoirhostof

F.buski

--Injury

ofadultsuckersadsorptiontointestinalmucosa；-Secretion-excretionproductsofadultscausedallergies.-Pathogenicmechanisms-Clinicalmanifestations

--Abdominalpain,diarrhea,indigestionandotherdigestivesymptoms;--Intestinalobstruction;--Inchildrenwithrecurrentinfections,intellectualimpairmentanddevelopmentaldisorderscanoccur,orevendeath.--Stoolexamination:itisconfirmedtofindeggsinthefaeces,methodisNaturalsedimentationmethod.

-PathogenicexaminationParagonimuswestermani

卫氏并殖吸虫/卫氏肺吸虫P.westermani

Adultworm1.Sucker:oralsuckerandventralsucker.2.Digestivesystem:mouth,pharynx,esophagusandintestinalceca,bendingdown.3.Payattentionto

Reproductivesystem:

♂:Testishas5branches.Testesaredistributedleftandrightside-by-sideatone-thirdbackendofworm;

♀:ovaryanduterusaredistributedleftandrightside-by-sideinthemiddleofworm,behindtheventralsucker.UterusOvaryTestisTestisVentralsuckerAlive

adultsof

P.westermani

Adultsparasitizeinthelungs.Cutaneousparagonimiasis皮肤型肺吸虫病(皮下包块)Ophthalmosparagonimiasis

眼并殖吸虫病EggofP.westermani1)Shape:oval,asymmetric.

2)Size:asmallsoybean(10X10).3)Color:

inaurate.4)Eggshellfeatures:theovumoperculumisabittilted.Eggshellisuneventhickly,theendneartheovumoperculumisrelativelythinandtheotherendthicker.5)Content:oneovotidandabout10-20ofyolkcells.Ovumoperculum

卵盖Eggshell卵壳Ovotid卵细胞Yolkcells卵黄细胞EggofP.westermani40×Ovotid卵细胞Ovumoperculum

卵盖Cercariae

ofP.westermani-尾呈小圆球形，称微尾型尾蚴MetacercariaofP.westermaniIntestineExcretorybladder排泄囊-Themetacercariaistheinfectedstage.Simisalcospiracalculus川卷螺-ThefirstintermediatehostofP.westermani-Semisulcospiralibertina/Melanialibertina放逸短沟螺：壳呈浓褐色或赤褐色,螺塔尖,壳表面平滑,壳高约2公分。为了抵抗水流的冲击而有修长而尖细的流线型外壳。分布在中国广东，栖息在溪流之中的石头上。腹足紧紧附着石头上,刮食石头上的藻类为生。CrayfishFreshwatercrabsThesecondintermediatehostofP.westermani卫氏并殖吸虫保虫宿主-Carnivorouswildlife:-Domesticateanimal：ReservoirhostofP.westermani

-VarietyParatenichostofP.westermani

Paragonimusskrjabini

斯氏并殖吸虫OvaryTestisTestisOralsuckerUterus

虫体狭长，两端稍尖，腹吸盘位于虫体腹面前1/3处，卵巢分支细而多，睾丸呈分支状。Paragonimusheterotremus异盘并殖吸虫OralsuckerVentralsucker-成虫椭圆形,口吸盘明显大于腹吸盘。Schistosomajaponicum

日本裂体吸虫/日本血吸虫S.

japonicum

-Thin-lineinshape;-Adultsaredioecious(雌雄异体),butamaleandafemalelivetogether;AdultwormMaleadultofS.japonicum-Sucker:-Thepartofthemalebodybehindtheventralsuckerisflattened,androlledalongthelengthtoformagroove,gynecophoriccanal(抱雌沟),intowhichthefemalewormfits;-7oftestes,arrangebeads

(睾丸7个,排列成串珠状);FemaleadultofS.japonicum-Femalesarelongandslender;-Theposteriorhalfofthebodyisalittlethickanddarkbrownincolorowingtothevitellineglandandintestine;-Ovaryisoval,inthemiddleofworms；OvaryFemaleadultofS.japonicum-OralsuckerandVentralsucker:-Intestine:-Reproductivesystem:uterus,ovary,ootype,vitellinegland,oviduct,vitellineduct.Vitellinegland卵黄腺UterusOotype卵模OvaryOviduct输卵管Vitellineduct卵黄管-Adultsparasitizeintheinferiormesentericvein,portalsystems(肠系膜下静脉，门脉系统)EggofS.japonicum1)Shape:

oval.2)

Size:soybeansize(10X10)3)Color:lightyellow.4)Eggshellfeatures:thin,transparent.5)Content:onemiracidium,SEA(solubleeggantigen).Lateralspine侧刺Eggshell卵壳Miracidium毛蚴EggofS.japonicumLateralspine侧刺Miracidiumof

S.japonicum-Miracidiumarepear-shaped,cilialocatedinbodysurface,themainstructuresincluderostellum,apicalgland,cephalicgland.Rostellum顶突Apicalgland顶腺Cephalicgland头腺Cilia纤毛Cercaria

ofS.japonicum-Payattentionto

thetail(forked).-Thecercariaeistheinfectedstage.-光壳钉螺-肋壳钉螺IntermediatehostofS.japonicum

Oncomelaniasnail-Patientswithschistosomiasis包氏毛毕吸虫尾蚴土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫尾蚴TrichobilharziacercariaOrientobiharziaturkestanicacercaria-Pathogenscausedcercariadermatitis

包氏毛毕吸虫尾蚴，属禽类(鸭)血吸虫尾蚴，尾叉较长。

东毕吸虫尾蚴，属兽类(牛)血吸虫尾蚴，尾叉短。实验内容（一）示教内容：1.吸虫生活史发育阶段标本：镜下或肉眼观察；2.吸虫生活史中间宿主标本：肉眼观察；3.吸虫