2021年12月英语四级真题及参考答案

2021年12月英语四级真题及参考答案听力：【Newsreport1】⑴A22-year-oldChinesewomanwhosufferedfromapersistentcoughwasshockedtolearnthatshehadapieceofchickenbonelaunchedinherlung.TheunnamedwomanfromtheprovinceofShandongstartedtohavecoughingproblemswhenshewas7or8yearsold.For14years,shemadenumeroushospitalvisits.However,nodoctorcouldidentifyanyproblem.Heruncontrollablecoughingwasamystery.Finally,thewomangotafullbodyscaninahospitalinthecityofQingdao.Thisspecialmedicalprocedurerevealedshehadachickenbonestuckinherlung.Doctorsperformedsurgeryandremovedthebone.⑵Thesimpleprocedurewentsmoothlyandthewomanhasrecoveredfullywiththebonefinallyremovedfromherlung.Thewomanisveryhappythatshenolongersuffersfromthatannoyingcough.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Question1.Whatwasthewoman,sproblem?Question2.Howwasthewoman,sproblemeventuallysolved?【Newsreport2】(3)AwhitesheepnamedPricklesthatranawayfromanAustralianfarm.Duringthe2013,bushfiresrecentlyreturnedhome.Accordingtofarmer,Alice,grayPrickleswasonlyalab.Whensheranaway,thebushfiresthathittheareabackthendestroyedalargepartofherfamily,smassiveproperty.Theythoughttrickleshaddiedinthefire.Butinstead,theyoungsheepescapedintoa200acreforestnearthefarm.⑷Oncethefireswereover,thefamilyhadtofixthedamagedonetothefarm.Asitwassuchalargeproperty,thisincludedrebuildingabout50kilometersoffancy.Itwasthishugefencingthatpreventedpricklesfromfindingherwayback.Overtheyears,thefamilyspottedherafewtimes.Theyevenrecordedherwithcamerasinstalledtomonitordearactivity.Butwhiletheyknewprickleswasalive,theycouldn,tfighther,neverexpectedhertoreturnbyherself.7yearslater,theywereprovenwrong.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Question3.WhatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutwhitesheepPickles?Question4.Whatdoesfamilydoafterthebushfires?【Newsreport3]⑸TonsofgoldhavefallenoutoftheskyinRussiaafteracargoplanemalfunctionedinmidairthismorning.Theaircraftwascarrying£265millionworthofgoldanddiamondswhenthedoorflewopen,sendingthepreciousmetalbacktoearth.Accordingtotheofficialnewsagency,Russianauthoritieshaverecoveredmorethan170goldbarsweighing20kilogramseach.TheplanewastravelingfromyourKurdsairportinamajordiamondproducingregiontothecityacrosstheyearaskinSiberia.⑹However,theaircraftmadeanemergencylandinginMargaretafteritbeganlosingsomeofitsvaluablecargo.Reportssuggest,somebarsofgoldwasscatteredupto15milesawayfromtheairport.9tonsofgoldonplane,an12belongedtoagoldminecompany.Policehavesealedofftherunwayandsayitisunclearifitwasanaccident,oneattemptedrobbery.(7)Technicalengineerswhoworksontheplanepriortotakeoffarereportedlygoingtobequestionedbythepolice.emergencylandinginQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreport youhavejustheard.Question5.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?Question6.Whatdidtheaircraftdowhentheincidenthappened?Question7.Whatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutthetechnicalengineerswhoworkedontheplanebeforetakeoff?[Conversation1】M:Hello,you,rethroughtocustomerservice.ThisisMichaelspeaking.(8)Beforewecontinue,Ijustwanttomakeyouawarethatthiscallisbeingrecordedandmaybeusedinthefew.Hugefortrainingpurposes.WhatcanIhelpyouwithtoday?W:(9)Hi,mynameisJaneSemen.Irecentlyboughtanofficechairfromyourcompany.Ireturneditaboutaweekago.I'mjustcallingtoinquirewhenIwouldbeabletogetmymoneyback.Itsaysonyourwebsitethatyourcompanywillpaybackthemoneywithinthreeworkingdaysofview,receivingthereturntoitem.Butit,sbeenfiveworkingdaysandIhaven,treceivedanything.M:I,msorrytohearthat.MisterSemen,what,syourcustomerreferencenumber?Please?W:It,s389460,M:0K,389460.I,mjustlookingonthesystemhere,accordingtoourrecordsthatshareyoureturnedwasreceivedbyourwarehouseonFriday.ThepaymentwasmadeonWednesday,butthisseemstobeaproblemwithyourcarnumber.W:Mycardnumber,maybeithassomethingtodowithmynewcard.ItwassenttobeonTuesday.(10)Maybethebakecancelledmy01done.Beforeyoumadethepayment.M:(11)Well,YouTlneedtoupdateyourcarddetailsdirectlyonourwebsite,justmakesureyouknockedin.Thenunderthedescriptionofyourpersonalinformation,youshouldseeanoptionfrontpaymentmethods.W:Iamlaunchedin.andI,llgivethatago.M:I,llmakeanotehereonthesystemforyousothatthepaymentwillbemadetomorrowmorning.W:Thankyouverymuch.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question8.Whydoesthemanhavehisconversationwiththewomanrecorded?Question9.Whatisthewoman,spurposeofcallingthefurniturecompany?Question10.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherbankcard?Question11.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?【Conversation2】M:I,mgettingabithungry.W:Yes,me,too.I,mstarving.Areyougoingtoprepareamealforus?M:(12)No,sorry.I,mactuallyprettywornout.Let'sjustgooutsomewhereclosetoeat.W:Well,Ithinkweshouldstayinandsavesomecash.Canwegetamealdelivered?M:Yeah,great.(13)I'llusethatfooddelivery,apple,myphone.Whatdoyouwant?Friedchicken,hamburgers,orfishandchips?W:Oh.Canwestayawayfromthejunkfood?Howaboutsomethinghealthy?M:Okay.Well,there,saplacethatdoessalads.W:Letmehavealookatthat.Yeah,thatlooksdelicious,buttobehonest,Iprefersomethinghot,notcold.M:HowaboutIndianfood?W:(14)That'snotthekindofhotImean.I'mjustnotafanofsaucesthatmakemesweatandcry.Ineedsomethingmild.M:Okay.SowouldyouconsiderMexican?Ohno,sorry,there,salsoveryhotpepperinthat.WouldyoulikesomeItalianfood,perhaps?It,sabitheavy,butit,sgreatfoodforacoldnightlikethis.W:Pizza,spaghettiwithcreamysauce?Iknowit'sreallytastyandgreatcomfortfood.Butit,stoofatteningforme.I,mtryingtokeepaslimfigureyouknow?M:(15)Oh.You'rereallydifficulttoplease.Well,there,saniceChineserestaurantthatdelivers.W:Yes.IloveChinesefood.Letmesee.Ohit,s50kilometersaway.M:That,sabittoofaraway.DoyoufeellikeVietnamesefoodthen?W:Yeah.Awesome.It,shealthy,andwecanaffordit.M:Great.Let,sorderVietnameserightaway.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question12:Whyisn,tthemangoingtocook?Question13:Whatdoesthemansayhe,lldoonhisphone?Question14:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofIndianfood?Question15:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?[Passage1】(16)AnewstudycarriedoutbytheuniversityofLincolnhasfoundalinkbetweenthepersonalitiesofcatownersandthebehaviorandwellbeingoftheircats.Thefindingsuggestthatjustasaparent,spersonalitycanaffectthepersonalityofachild,thesameistrueforacatanditsowner.Ownerstofindasindividualswithhighlevelsofanxiety,fear,anger,depression,andlonelinessweremorelikelytohaveanxious,behavioralissues.Suchcatsdisplayedmoreaggressiveandanxiousbehavioralstylesaswellasmorestressrelatedsickness.Theywerealsomorelikelytohaveanongoingmedicalconditionandbeoverweight.Theresearchalsofoundthatmentallywelladjustedvotershadcalmer,happier,andhealthiercats.Theresearchersexplainedthatmanyownersregardtheirpetsasafamilymemberandformclosesocialbondswiththem.(17)Themajorityofownerswanttoprovidethebestcarefortheirpetsandisthereforepossiblethatpetscouldbeaffectedbythewaytheirownersinteractwithandmanagethem.Thestudyhighlightsanimportantrelationshipbetweenourpersonalitiesandthewellbeingofourpets.(18)Furtherresearchisneededtoinvestigatethecauseornatureofthisrelationship,andto100kathowowners'personalitiesaredirectlyinfluencingtheirpetsbehaviorandwellbeing.Itispossiblethatthewellbeingapetisdrivenbytheunderlyingnatureoftheowner,notsimplybytheirconsciousdecisionsandbehaviors.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question16.WhatdowelearnfromthenewstudybytheuniversityofLincoln?Question17.Whatdoesthepassagesaymostpetownerswanttodo?Question18.Whatdoesthepassagesayisstillneededtounderstandtheeffectsofownerspersonalitiesontheirpets?[Passage2】(19)160minuteruncanadd7hourstoyourlife.Thiswasaclaimmadebythetimeslastweek.Theclaimwasbasedonanewreviewofstudiesabouttheeffectsofrunning.Thereviewconcludedthatonaverage,runnerslive3yearslongerthannotrunners,andthatrunningdoesmoretoextendlifethananyotherformofexercise.Butthere,smoretorunningthanitshealthbenefits.(20)Researchpublishedinrecentyearshasshownthatrunningchangesyourbrainandmindinsomefascinatingwaysfromincreasingyourbrainfunctiontoregulatingyouremotions.However,thepreciseeffectsvaryaccordingtowhetheryouengageinshort,fastrunningorlongdistancerunning.Forexample,inonestudy,researcherscomparedparticipantsabilitytolearnnewwordsafterseveralminutesofintenserunningandafter40minutesofgentlerunning,participantswereabletolearn20%fasteraftertheintenserunning.Theyshowedasuperiormemorywhentestedagainaweeklater.(21)Inanotherstudy,researchersaskedvolunteerstojogfor30minutesandthenshowthemclipsfromasadmovie.Participantswhousuallystruggledtohandlenegativeemotionsweremoreintenselyaffectedbythesadclips,justasyouexpect,butcrucially,thiswasless.Soithappened.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyoujustheard.Question19.Whatdoesthenewreviewofstudiesclaim?Question20.Whatisoneeffectthatrunninghasonpeopleaccordingtorecentresearch?Question21.Whatdidanotherstudyfindabouttheparticipantsaftertheyhada30minutejog?[Passage3】WelcometothetouroftheHillHouse.Thishouse,builtin1904,isoneofthemostwellknownworksofCharlesHill,thefamousarchitect.Itwasdesignedandbuiltforalocalentrepreneurathisfamily.(22)Beforestartingthetour,letmegiveyouabriefintroductionaboutthedesignofthisamazingbuilding.(23)Priortobeginninghisdesign,thearchitectspentsometimeintheclient's01dhome,observingtheirlifeandstudyingtheirhabits. Thismeantthathecoulddesignthehouseaccordingtotheneedsofthefamily.(24)Theclient'smaindesirewastohaveahomewithauniquedesign.Sothearchitectwasgivencompletefreedom.Thebuildingstyleisradicallydifferentfromwhatwasthefashionoftheperiod.Atthetime,mostlargehomeswereconstructedoftimberandbrick.Thisone,however,ismadeofconcrete,anovelconstructionmaterialinthosedays.Theinteriorofthehouse,includingfittingsandfurniture,wasalsodesignedbythesameperson.Mostofthefurnitureyouwillseeisoriginalandingoodcondition.(25)However,thosepiecesinthechildren'sbedroomsarecopies,builtto thedesignsofthearchitect.Fortunately,alltheblueprintsforboththebuildinganditscontentshavebeenpreserved.Sowe'vebeenabletoreplacebadlydamagedfurniture.Let'sbeginourtourstartingfromtherooms.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question22:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?Question23:Whatdidthearchitectdobeforebeginninghisdesign?Question24:Whatdidthearchitect'sclientmainlywant?Question25:Whatdowelearnaboutthepiecesoffurnitureinthechildren'sbedrooms?四级听力参考答案第一套C)Itsenttwodogstothewrongdestinations.A)Correcttheirmistakeassoonaspossible.B)Shehashadbabiesbefore.C)Itwassmooth.D)Itwasbuiltabovethesea-water.B)Replacetherestaurant'swoodendeck.C)SheposteditspictureonFacebooks.D)Duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld.A)Droughts.B)Theirneatisnotthatpopular.D)Theypoisonedwildducksinlargenumbers.A)Haveherhouserepainted.B)Howmuchtheworkwillcost.C)Staysomewhereelse.B)Paintingahouseinvolvesmoretroublethanshethought.A)Tocultivategoodhabits.B)Createanidealstudyenvironmentforthem.C)Startwithsomethingtheyenjoy.A)Workerswhomeetitsbodyweightstandards.D)Unfair.C)Encouragehealthybehaviors.A)Ithasnotdoneenoughtohelpleft-handedchildren.D)Theytendtohavemoredifficultiesinlearning.D)Keeptrackofleft-handedchildren,sschoolperformance.B)Whytheirnumbersaresohigh.第二套1.B)Shewascoughingallthetime..c)Throughasurgicaloperation..D)Itranawayintoanearbyforest..A)Theyrebuiltthefencingaroundtheirfarm..D)Thelossofgoldfromanairplane..A)ltmadeanemergencylanding..C)Theywillbequestionedbythepolice..B)Forfuturetrainingpurposes..C)Togethermoneybackforthereturnedchair..D)Shewasissuedanewcard..C)Updateherbankcarddetailsonthecompany,swebsite..A)Heisfeelingexhausted..B)Orderadelivery..D)ltistoospicy..C)Sheistoopickyaboutfood.A)Owner'spersonalitiesaffecttheircats,behaviorandwellbeing.17.B)Providetheirpetswiththebestcare.18.D)Furtherinvestigation.)Runningisthebestexerciseforextendingone,slife..A)Improvingtheirbrainfunction..D)Theywerelessaffectedbysadmovies..A)Heisatourguide..C)Heobservedhisclient,slifeandhabits..D)Ahouseofauniquedesign.25.B)Theyarecopiesbuilttothearchitect,sdesigns.写作第一套[Directions】Supposeyourschoolisorganizinganorientationprogram(新生训练；新生练习)tohelpthefreshmenadapttothenewenvironmentandacademicstudies.Youarenowtowriteaproposal,whichmayincludeitsaim,duration,participantsandactivities.【参考范文】

DearStudentUnion,Learningthatourschoolwillholdanorientationprogramtohelpfreshmenbecomeaccustomedtothenewenvironmentandacademicstudies,Iamwritingtointroducemyproposalconcerningthisprogram.FirstlyIsupposealloffreshmenarewelcometojoininthisactivityonSeptember9th.From10:00a.m.to12:00a.m.,aseniorstudentwoulddecisionsonhowteachfreshmenhowtobeindependent,suchasmakingdecisionsonhowtoallocatetimeandhowtospendmoney,anddoingsomecleaningontheirown.Besides,freshmencouldbetaughthowtodevelopagoodhabitofself-teachingandhowtoarrangetheirschedule.Intheafternoon,freshmenmighttakeactivepartinacollectiveactivity,wheretheycouldmakemorecommunicationwiththeirclassmatessoastohelpthemsmoothlyadapttothenewenvironment.Ihopeyouwillfindmyproposaluseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussfurtherdetailswithyouYours,ZhangWei第二套[Directionstoallocatetimeandhowtospendmoney,anddoingsomecleaningontheirown.Besides,freshmencouldbetaughthowtodevelopagoodhabitofself-teachingandhowtoarrangetheirschedule.Intheafternoon,freshmenmighttakeactivepartinacollectiveactivity,wheretheycouldmakemorecommunicationwiththeirclassmatessoastohelpthemsmoothlyadapttothenewenvironment.Ihopeyouwillfindmyproposaluseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussfurtherdetailswithyouYours,ZhangWei第二套[Directions】Supposeyouruniversitystudentunionisplanningtoholdaspeechcontest.Youarenowtowriteaproposalfororganizingthecontest.Theproposalmayincludethetopic,aim,procedureandselectionofcontestants.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.【参考范文】DearStudentUnion,Iamsogladtohearthataspeechcontestwiththepurposeofenrichingcollegestudents'lifewouldbeheldinourschoolnextmonth.AsamemberofStudentUnion,Iwouldliketogivesomeadvicetomaketheactivitygomoresmoothly.Firstly,ifwecouldchooseasuitablespeechsubject,suchastheemploymentprospect,themanagementoffreetimeorsomerelatedwithstudents'life,itwouldcontributetotheattractionofmorestudents.Secondly,thecontestcouldlastforabout2-3hoursandwecouldinviteProfessorZhangasthejudgetogivecommentstoeachcontestant.Lastly,astheselectionofcontestants,Isupposeeverystudentinourschoolcouldsubmitapplicationbutweshouldhaveaninterviewoffirstaroundanddefinethefinal10competitors.Ihopethesuggestionsabovewouldbeusefulandpracticalforyou.Foranyquestionontheproposal,pleasefeelfreetowritetome.Yours,LiHua第三套[Directions】Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbooksoncampus.Youarenowtowriteareportabouttheproject,whichmayincludeitsaim,organizers,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【参考范文】Lastweek,aprojectofcollectingusedbookswasheldinourschoolanditwasahugesuccess.TheprojectwaslaunchedbytheStudentUnionlastMondayanditlastedforawholeweek,aimingtogainstudents'attentiontosecond-handbooksandinspirethemtomakethebestofusedthings.Itwasstartedfromregisteringbasicpersonalinformationonline,includingname,departmentandthenumberofbooksonewouldliketogiveaway.ThenstudentscouldbroughttheirbookstotheStudentsActivityCentereverydayatanytimeduring8:00amto17:00pm,afterwhichtheycouldgetagiftsuchaspensandnotebooks.Thereweremorethan500studentsparticipatingintheactivityandmorethan1000bookswerecollected.ThebooksweredisplayedattheStudentsActivityCenterforallstudentsinneed.阅读【快速阅读1】There,sastressgapbetweenmenandwomen.H]LikeMs,Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDrJoycesaidwasanunattainableideal."SomeprofessionalwomenaimtodoitallTheywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesuper-mom,“shesaid. .[E]ference,however,isinthenatureandscopeoftheseresponsibilitiesinthehomeentinparticular,“DrJoycesaid.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatnearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen. .[C]It'sacommonstory-onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofre-searchthatunderlinestheproblem..[K]Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit,smuchcasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace..[F]it,snotjustinsidehehome,though.ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagersto.display<surface.acting>orforcingemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt..[I]Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstressaanxietyandhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdis-easecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen. .[B]Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleep,sheexperienced“problem-solvingdreams,“whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup.AfterIbecameafirst-timemother,Iquicklyrealizediwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthat IfeltlikeI,dlostmyself,….[G]Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof"eemotionallabor"aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.Theessaysparkedamassivethread,ontheInternetcommunityblogMetaFilter. .[J]Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsy-chologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple."….[D]edifferenceisnotreallynewstome,asaclinicalpsy-chologistsaidErinJoyce,….【快读阅读2】Whyitmattersthatteensarereadingless?.[E]Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.…37.[B]AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.…38.[G]Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecadesago. .[D]Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogiveactivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronotheractivities. .[A]Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday,steenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofde-cadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtraditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.….[H]Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicper-formance.,..[C]Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigi-talmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasites43.[F]Butthetreadsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid..[B]AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.….[E]Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.…【快读阅读3】Whyitmattersthatteensarereadingless?[E]Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast. …[B]AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.…[G]Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecadesago. [D]Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogiveactivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronotheractivities. [A]Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday,steenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofde-cadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtraditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.…[H]Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicper-formance.,[C]Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigi-talmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasites[F]Butthetreadsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.[B]AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.…[E]Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydid