解读林语堂笔下的姚木兰

PAGE摘要：林语堂的英文著作《京华烟云》，出版于1940年,成为当时美国的畅销书之一。该小说使我们看到从1910年的义和团运动到抗日战争爆发期间的中国社会概貌。作者非常形象生动地刻画了当时中国社会的代表人物以及一些现代革命者，尤以姚木兰为突出。她身上具备很多美好的品德，堪称为完美中国女性的化身。因此，本文旨在分析木兰的性格以及成因，以助读者更加深刻、全面地了解木兰。关键词：姚木兰；儒道互补；中西结合CONTENTSIntroduction………………1TOC\o"1-3"\uTOC\o"1-3"\u1. ThemanifestationofYaoMulan’sCharacters 21.1CompatibilityofConfucianismandTaoism ………………….21.1.1TheConfucianisminYaoMulan…………..21.1.2TheTaoisminYaoMulan………………….31.2TheMixtureofChineseandWesternFeatures………………..62.TheCausesofYaoMulan’sCharacter……………….72.1TheFamilyInfluence………….72.2TheFactorofTimes…………...82.3TheAuthor’sInfluenceupontheCreationofYaoMulan………………….…92.3.1TheInfluenceofHisFamilyandEducation…………92.3.2HisOverseaslifeExperience……………..102.3.3HisFemaleWorship………………………103.Conclusion 11Bibliography…………….14IntroductionMomentinPekingwascompletedinAugust1939,whenLinYutangwasinhisforties.Ittookhimayeartocompletethenovel.HestartedhiswritinginAugust1938andfinishedinAugust1939.LinYutanghadneverwrittenthenovelbefore,buthewasveryconfidentofhisnovelcreation,sincehehadsaidtohisdaughterthat:“WhenIhadalessonabouttheevolvementofnovelatHarvard,ProfBlissPerry’swordstouchedmealot,thatis,somewritersinwesternbegantheirnovelcareeraftertheirforties.Inmyopinion,onecannottryeasilythenoveluntilhehadgonethroughtheearthlythingsintheworldandwithprofoundexperience.Hencebearingthelong-heldwishtowriteanovelinmyforties,Iamboundtounfoldmynovelwithcomplexhumanrelationships,broadsocialground,vastlength,orifnot,Iwillnotstart.”(LinTaiyi2021)Notsurprisingly,itisappreciatedasthemostfamousnovel.MomentinPekingfocusesonthelivesoftheseveraldifferentfamilies,alongwiththeirinteractionduringatumultuoustimeinChina.ThethreemainfamiliesaretheYaofamily,theTsengfamilyandtheNewfamily.Itvividlypresentsusarealpictureofthesocietyinthattimeandvariouskindsofpeople,includingtheirvicissitudeoflife,loveandenmity,theprosperityanddecline.Femalesettingisthemainstreamofthewholenovelinwhichnearly90charactersfemaleimagesaccountsmostly.ItcanbeattributedtotheinfluenceofChineseclassicworkADreamofRedMansion,forLinYutangoncesaid:“Duringthisperiod,thereisonlyonethingworthytobewrotedown,readingADreamofRedMansion.Thereforeundertheunconsciousinfluenceofit,aminortracecanbefoundinmybook.”(ChenZishan2021)Sowecanfindthesimilaritiesoftheimagesinthetwogreatnovels.Amongthenumerousfemaleimages,theliveliest,themostproudandfavoriteauthorfeltistheeldersisterfromdistinguishedfamily,YaoMulaninwhomwecanfindtheshadowoftheADreamofRedMansioncharacters.SheintegratesmeritsofBaochai,DaiyuandXiangyun.Inoneaspect,shehasthefinetraditionalqualitiesastheschoolofConfucianismrequests.Butmoreever,sheisbroad-minded,cheerfulandcomplianttothefateasaTaoist.Contributingtothemoderneducationshereceived,sheisinclinedtoacceptthenewthoughtsandnewthingsquickly.Allthesemadeherbecomeanidealwoman.Fromtheprotagonist’scharacter,italsoreflectstheauthor’sthoughts,hisphilosophyoflife,andhisfemaleworship.Tosomeextent,perhapsMulanisincarnationofidealbeautyinhisdeepsoul.NowonderthatLinsaid:“ifIwereawoman,IwouldliketobeMulan.ThemanifestationofYaoMulan’sCharacters1.1CompatibilityofConfucianismandTaoism1.1.1TheConfucianisminYaoMulanOne’scharacterhasacloselinkwiththeexternalgrowingenvironment,especiallytheinfluenceofpeople.ThereisnoexceptionofMulan.BorninawealthyfamilyinthelateQingDynasty,shewasgiventhetraditionaltrainingthatalldaughtersofChinashouldhaveforhermotherwasatypicaloldstylewoman.Shehasthemainstayqualityofwomanhood:thrift,industrious,sobriety,goodmanner,ayieldingtemper,obedience,knowledgeofhouseholdmanagement,andthedomesticartsofnursing,cooking,andsewing.WhenshegotlostfromherfamiliesinthedodgefromtheBoxerrebellionatchildhood,Mr.Tsengrescuedherfromthekidnapper-gangs.Afterthat,shecalledMr.TsengandMrs.Tseng“father”and“mother”,theTsengboys“Elderbrothers”.Thisshowsshewascourteousandthankful;HerneedleworkwassoskillfulthatevenmadeManniaashamedofherclumsiness.ThepeanutsoupshemadetoshowthefilialpietyalsogainedhighpraisefromtheGrandmotherofTsengfamily.AlthoughshehadaffectionfortheLifu,shedidnotsomuchasconfesseventoherselftheguiltyfeelingoflove,andsheneverdoubtedshewouldlikeSunya.HerloveforLifuremainedaninnermostsecretofherheart.MulanpeacefullyacceptedthearrangedmarriagetoSunya.SuchexamplesperfectlyembodiedthereflectionofConfucianismonhercharacter.AftershemarriedtotheTsengfamily,whichtooktheConfucianismtraditionastheirlifedoctrine,Mulanhadtoconformtothetraditionsevenstrictlythaninherownfamily.Shewastotallyinharmonywiththewholefamily,andshowedagreatcapabilityofrunningofabighousehold.1.1.2TheTaoisminYaoMulanTobeginthispart,wemustfirsthaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofYaoSze-an(Muluan’sfather)whoisoneofmaincharactersinthebook.HislifestyleandcomprehensionconstitutethewholecentralthemeofMomentinPeking.Thatistheartoflifewithperfectround,compliancewithfate,andconformitytonature,amiableattitude.HestudiedtheTaoismbookswithgreatconcentration,collectedthecurio,andcultivatedhismindandcharactersothathecouldacceptthenewbornobjectsandthoughtsdelightedlyasacarefreeandcontentsagetocontaintimeanduniverseinhisheart.Mulan’viewoflifewasbenefitedfromherfather’sthoughtsandteaching.YaoSze-anopposedtofootbindingandsenthisdaughterstonew-styleschooltolearnmodernknowledge;asaresultMulanandhersisterformedmodernthoughtstoexpresstheirownopinions.AlltheseshowedthespiritofTaoistcompliancewithobjectivelaw,pursuingliberationandfollowingtruth,whichareTaoistspiritembodiedinYaoSze-an.Mulan,asthechildhelovedmost,sinceherchildhoodbegantolearnsingingoperaticairsfromherfather,strollingtemplefairs,lookingforcurios.Andundertheimpactofherfather,shestartedbelievingthefate,andlearninghowtolivecalmlyinfastchangingandconfusingworld.ThebeginningofthebookistheYaofamilydodgedchaosfromBoxerRebellionin1901.Atfirst,Mulanwasworriedhercollectedjewelrywouldbelost.Thenherfathertoldher“Luck,orfochi,wasnotsomethingthathappenedtomanfromtheoutside,butwaswithinhim.Toenjoyanyformofluckorearthlyhappiness,amanhastohavethecharactertoenjoyandkeepit.Foronequalifiedforluck,jarsofwaterwillturnintosilver;andforonewhoisnotqualified,jarsofsilverwillturnintowater.”(LinYutang2021)Thosewordsarephilosophytolivecalmlyinamomentworld.Mulanspentherwholelifelearningit.ButMulanwasalsooutofordinaryperfection.Shehadplentifulemotionswithbothwisdomandkindheartedness.Shewasprovidednotonlywithsedatebeauty,thevirtuouscharacterandmagnanimousattitudeoftraditionalwoman,butalsowithsplendidliterature,thegenerousoptimism,ferventromanticandoutstandingcapacityforsocialcontactofnewstylefemale.Hername,Mulan,wastakenfromthenameofaChineseJoanofArc,celebratedinwell-knownpoem,whotookherfather’splaceasageneralinanarmycampaignfortwelveyears.YaoMulaninthebookalsocontainedstaunchnessinhergentleness.Herhandwritingwaspowerfulasaman’s.ShehadtoldManniainherchildhood“Iwanttobeaboy”.Stillsheisanaffectionategirl.Sheoncehadlovedsproutedinherpuberty.Though,sheatlastbetrothedtheboywhoaccompaniedhergrowing.Shefeltsatisfactoryandhappybecauseshenaturallytreatedthefirstloveasfantasyinadolescencewhileshewasconsciousoffindingmoreadvantagesfromherhusband,Sunya,whichisthereasontheyhadmutualaffinityfrombeginningtotheend.ThatalsoembodiedtheTaoistspiritofcompliancewithnature.Thankstoit,Mulanownedahappymarriage.WithLifu,thefortuitousmeetingintemple,thechanceencounteronhalfwayupmountainandthedateinruinsaffectedMulan.Sheconsideredthemasamarvelousarrangementbytime.Ithoveredinherlifeasaneternaloratorioperpetually.Moreover,Mulanoftencomparedhercollectedno-lifeno-consciousnessambersandjadeswiththosepreciousmomentsinherlife.Theformeroneswereplacedherbeliefandyearningeternallywhilethelatteronesexistedinatwinkle.ThetalkinfrontofEmperorQin’sblankgravestonewithLifu,permeatingthemeaningoflifewaslikethecommunicationwithremoteantiquity.Theeternitythusindicatedontheblankgravestone,toweringinfrontofthem.EventhesunriseandsunsetontopofTaiMountain,awispofhairwhiskedbytriflingcoolbreezethoughtheholeofcypress,becauseoftheirmoments,wouldexistforthousandsyearsasthoseambersandjades.Theauthordescribedmarvelousnaturalscenesofourcountrybythewakeoflengthsinbook.Inthewakeofthestory,thecharacterstraveledthelandscapefromthesouthtothenorthandfromthenorthtothesouth,whichservesasfailfortheirthoughts.WhenMulanwasyoung,shehadonceclaimedbyPerfumeMountainwithherfather,hersisterandLifu.Facingthesplendidandmagnificentofthemountain,Mulanwastear-stainedwithsomekindofspecialtenderinhersensitiveheart.Often,inherlife,sherecalleditandwasaffectedlotsofthoughtsandfeeling.Duringtheirlandscape,theyagainandagaindiscussedandcomprehendedfromancienttomodern,fromChinatoforeigncountries.Theyabsorbedthemagnificentofnaturetoholdtheworldwiththeirbroadmind.Onlythoseoneswhohadexperiencedrealsuperiorthings,whoacceptedtheplentyandmagnificentthingsoftheworldwiththeirbroadmind,whoknewhowtoloveandcomprehendthegreatnessofnature,canbecalmandextensiveatalltimes.Withelapseoftimeinthatspecialhistoricalbackground,Mulan’slifefacedaseriesofchanges.YaoSze-anoncetoldMulanthathehadseenwithhisowneyeshowsomepoorfamiliesriseupandsomerichfamiliesgodown,ifitwerenotso,therichwouldalwaysberichandthepooralwayspoor.Themostimportantthingisnottodependuponmoney;oneshouldenjoyone’swealthandyetbepreparedanytimetogowithoutit.(LinYutang2021)Gettingtheunderstandingoftheessenceofthewholetalk,Mulanwaswellpreparedforanychangingfromtheoutside.Mulan’lifewastheprocessfromaunittomergence,frominsubstantialitytosubstantiality,fromnarrowtovastness,whichwereTaoismexactly.Itstoodforapoweroftransition,apowerofdevelopment,amacroscopictrendofeverything.Forinstance,inbookIIITheSongofAutumn,itisthemoveincycles,“butthecorruptibleinitsturnbecomesmysteriouslife,andthismysteriouslifeoncemorebecomecorruptible.”From“theNorthernTravelofknowledge”byChuangtse.(LinYutang2021)Itistheprocessfromthemostprosaictothegorgeous,oncemorefromthemostgorgeoustotheprosaic.So,thesongofautumnistherecessionofleavesbetokensthebeginningofspring.TheSongofAutumndescribesAnti-JapanWar,portraysthegerminationofChina;meanwhiletheoldonewasdecaying.Thereisonesentenceinit“Inthesoundoffallenleavesinthelateautumn,wedistinguishthetuneofthenextspringandtheintenserhythmoftheforthcomingsummer”(LinYutang2021)whichisactuallythecombinationofancientTaoismandtherealisticsociety.“AndasthescenechangedforMulan,somethinginsideheralsochanged.Shelostallsenseofspaceanddirection,losteventhesenseofherpersonalidentity,andleftthatshehadbecomeoneofthegreatcommonpeople.Shehadsooftenwishedtobelongtothecommonpeople;nowshewasindeedoneofthem.Theconquestoftheegothatherfatherhadachievedbysheercontemplation,shenowachievedthroughhumancontactwiththisgreatcompanyofmen,women,andchildren.”“ThengraduallytheybecameindistinguishablefromtheothersandwerelostinthatdustycolumnofhumanitymovingtowardtheSacredMountainandthegreatinteriorcontinentbeyond.”(Lin1.2TheMixtureofChineseandWesternFeaturesBesidesthecompatibilityofConfucianismandTaoism,MulanalsohastheWesternfeaturesinhercharacter.Shethoughtthatwomenshouldnotstayathomeallthetime,sheurgedManniatojointhemandgoouting,suchastheplacesofpublicgardenandmoving-picturetheater.Atthattime,thesewerethemostimproperplacesforawidowgoing.Inthissense,Mulanmightbecalleda“frivolous”womananda“bad”daughter-in-law.Butasthetimechanginganditwasamusttrendtoliberatethewomen.Mulanwasthepioneeroftheyouthtoabandontheoldtraditionsandshowgreatbraveness.Heracceptanceofnewstylegarment,newbornthingsandnewthoughts,canbeallcluesofherbearingofsomekindofwesternfeature.Inthereality,MulanmadehereffortstorunthemarriagewithSunya,butherlovetoLifunevergaveupsincehewenttoherheartinhergirlhood.Whenhewasarrestedforhislibelingtheauthorityanddefiantessays,Mulanwasoutofcontrol.AttheverythoughtthatLifumightbekilledundertheDog-MeatGeneral’sauthority,shebecamenervousandevenwenttotheprisonaloneindarknightdespiteofrelationshipbetweenthem.Attheunexpectedmeeting,Mulanhadalottosay,butshesuppressed,herexpressioncanbethebestinterpreter.Aftershelefttheprisongate,herlegswerelimpandherheartwaspounding.Shecouldhardlysupportherselfandsuddenlycameuptheideasofgoingtovisitcommanderforthepardon.Shethoughtalltheconsequencesthatmaydoharmtoher,butshewassureofonething,thatLifumustbereleasedatonce,beforeitwastoolate.Sheposedasastrange,unknownwomanandaskedtoseethecommander,andwasshownin.Thedoorwaslockedandthecommanderwasgrinningbehindhisbeard.MulanwasterrifiedbutsheusedherintelligencetodealwithallthesituationsandgotridofhisdirtythoughtsandconvincedhimLifuwasinnocentstepbystep.ItsoundedlikeapieceoutofStrategiesofWarringKingdoms.Infrontoflove,Mulanwaswillingtosacrificeherselftosavethepersonsheloved.SoalthoughwecanseetheshadowofConfucianisminher,shehassomethingdifferentfromthetraditionalwomen.Thisincidenthadaseverebowonhermarriage,SunyadiscoveredherloveforLifu,whichlaidaforeshadowforhisloveaffairwithLihua,amoderngirl.Shewasbraveenoughtoprotecthermarriageandhandleditproperlyanddecently.Sunyasaid:“IknowIamimperfect,myselfandyoushouldknowyourself,too.”

(LinYutang2021)Mulaninstantlyunderstoodthemeaning.Shelookedupat

himquickly,andthensteadily,andsheknew

whathemeant,butkeptsilent.

Shewasafraidtoprovokehimfurther,forshehadasecretinherheart,sacredandwhollyherown,asecretthatnoonemusttouch,noonemustspeakof,noonemusthear.Eveninsuchsituation,shestillguardedherinnerlovethatwasonlysharedbyherself.2.TheCausesofYaoMulan’sCharacter2.1TheFamilyInfluenceIfweregardBaochaiinADreamofRedMansionasanidealConfucianwomanofChinesefeudalsociety,maybeMulanistheembodimentofperfectwomanwiththecompatibilityofConfucianismandTaoism.SheistheimagecreatedbyLinYutangbasedonthefoundationofADreamofRedMansion,whocombinestheConfucian’searthlylivingwisdomwithTaoist’speripateticfreethoughts.Duetothetraditionaleducationreceivedfromhergraceful,kindandalsocapablemother,Mulanisthrift,industry,elegant,andmodest.Goodatrunningthehouseholdandwithbrilliantbrain-head,sheisstillstrictlyabidebythetraditionandbehaveherself,althoughhertalentinliteraryandwisdomismuchexceedherelderlybrotherandhusband.Instead,shestoodatthepositionofwomentoinfluencethemusinghermagnificentbrilliance;secondly,shecanquicklyadjusttothenewfamilyandchangingsocialenvironment,whichshowsshehasearthlylivingwisdom.Perhaps,someonemightsaythatMochowismoreaccomplishedinthisaspect,butIwillstronglyemphasizethefreedomandfantasy,cheerfulnessandpassionofMulan,whichMochowislackof.Fromthechildhood,YaoSze-an,adedicatedTaoistsaint,taughtMulantheTaoistthoughtsandexemptedherfromfoodboundingandotherbondagesofthecourtesy.ThusMulancouldliveandgrowinahealthyandfreeenvironment.Mulancanwhistleandsingoperaticairs,hasakeeneyeonthecurioscollection,whichareunintelligibleatthattimeofawomanshouldhave.Atherteenage,herparentssenthertothemodernschoolwheresheacceptednewconceptsandthoughts.Shedoesnotbelievetheoldconceptthatgirlsshouldbehave,whileboyscanbe“bad”.Theremustbeequalitybetweenmenandwomenastheoldsystemwascollapsing.Whenthewarbegan,Mulanisquietcalmatthepanictime,whichembodiedtheTaoistspiritof“suitablemind,suitableplace”.Inasum,Mulangrewinwisdomandknowledge,hermothergivingherthewisdomandherfathergivinghertheknowledge.Inspiteofallthis,Mulanhaveseveralunwomanlyaccomplishments.2.2TheFactorofTimesMulanwasbornatthelastphaseofQingDynasty,whilefeudalsocietywascollapsingandmanyoldrulesandsystemsbecameout-dated.Manyyoungpeopleadoptedthewesternthoughtsandcalledforareform.Mulan’sfathermadeaveryimportantdecisionandmadehistwodaughterstostudywesternknowledge.Sotheyhadtheirownopiniontowardsthepoliticsandwesternculture.WhenthegovernmentmassacredMulan’sdaughter,shewasshockedandbecamesilent.Sheseemedtohaveanewsenseofvalue.Attheturmoilofthattime,shefelttiredandwantedtogotoapeacefulplaceandtobeacommonpeople,althoughshehadawealthyfamilybackground.FinallyMulancametoHangchowtorealizethedreamofasimplerurallife.Itmightinabroadsenseberegardedasanescape.ButwhentheSino-JapaneseWarbrokeout,whenshesawsomanypeople,includingwomen,childrenandoldpeoplesufferedgreatfromthetorturingofJapanesesoldier,shesentheronlysontothewarfield.Atthismoment,shewasnotaunit,butamergence.Sheevenlostthesenseofherpersonalidentityandfeltthatshehasbecomeoneofthegreatcommonpeople.Theconquestoftheegothatherfatherhadachievedbysheercontemplation,shenowachievedthroughhumancontactwiththisgreatcompanyofmen,womenandchildren.2.3TheAuthor’sInfluenceupontheCreationofYaoMulanNowadays,weregardEnglishas“globallanguage”,butintheearlyof20thcentury,Englishlearningwasnotsopopular.OnlyagroupChinesehadremarkablecommandofEnglish,expoundingChineseculturetothewholeworldandexpressingtheirabsolutesinceritytoourhomeland.LinYutangisoneofthesedistinguishedwriters.Asanoutstandingscholar,philosopher,novelist,linguist,andculturemessenger,hededicatedhiswholelifetointroducingtheChineseculturetoWesterncountries.Linwasalwaysaccreditedbyhimselfwith“Onemindseeksthelearningofancientsandmoderns;twolegsstraddletheculturesofEastandWest.”TheimageofprotagonistMulanhecreatedisverysuccessful,thusthewholestoryhasbeenputintothescreenseveraltimes.ThencomeourimaginationthatYaoMulanisjustanimageLinYutangcreatedbyhisfanciness.Surelynot,theappearanceofthecharacterisboundtohaveatightcontactwiththeauthor’sownspecialty.Tobackwardtherelation,firstweshouldmentionisLinYutang’slifephilosophy.BeingawriterwhostraddlestheculturesofEastandWest,heindeedmixedthethoughtsofConfucianandTaoistanddrewthewesternculture,andmadeuseofthemfreely.HereIwillexplaintheattributionstohisspecialcharacteristicofthoughts.2.3.1TheInfluenceofHisFamilyandtheEducationLinwasbornin1895,thefifthofsixsonsofLinZhicheng.ThePresbyterianpastor,aself-taughtman,communicatedtohischildrenapassionatezestforallthatwasnewandmodernfromtheWest,anddecidedthathissonsmustlearnEnglishandreceiveWesterneducation.LinattendedSt.John’sUniversityinShanghai.ThemainemphasiswasonEnglish,andhealsostudiedtheology,becausehewantedtobeapastorlikehisfather.Butafterextensivereadinginscience,hebegantohavedoubtsaboutChristiandogma,andchangedhismajortophilosophy.Whenhegraduatedin1916,LinacceptedateachingpostatQinghuaCollegeinBeijing.Here,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyChinesehistory,andherealizedhowsmalltheconfinesofhisChristianeducationhadbeen.HeknewthatJoshua’strumpetblewdownthewallsofJericho,butdidnotknowthefolktaleofMengJiangnu,whosetearsforherlosthusbandattheGreatWallcausedasectionofthewalltocollapseandexposehisdeadbody.Determinedtomakeupforhisinadequacy,hereadtheChinesebooks2.3.2HisOverseaslifeExperienceInthebeginningof20thcentury,theinclemencyofsocietyandbloodinessofpoliticsmadeLinYutang’sideaaboutthepoliticsandculturalinnovationsoonspoiled.Especiallytheeventof“4.12”in1927happened;hegotsheerboredoftherevolution.Atthesametime,hefoundthatphilosophyofTaoistwhichsuggeststoreturningtonature，simplicitygreatlycomfortedhissoul,hedesperatelysoughtitasalifesavingstraw.PlustheinfluenceofZhouZuoren,QianXuantong,WuYu’stheoryofreturningtoancient,hefinallychosetheTaoism.LinYutanghadbeenstudiedinAmericaandaccommodatedhisfamilyinEuropeforyears.Duringhisstay,helearnedtheadvancedthoughtsoftheWestern,forinstance,womenliberation,seekingforthefreedom.2.3.3HisFemaleWorshipInhiswholelife,thereweremanyfemalesexertedagradualimpactonhim:hismother,atraditionalChinesewoman,broughthimupwithhermaternityeffulgence;Lin’ssecondoldestsister,Mei-Kung.Shewasbright,butwasdeniedtogotocollegebythefamilybecausecollegeeducationforagirlwasaluxurybeyondtheiraffording.WhenLinleftforcollegeshegavehimfortycentsandsaid,“…youaregoingtocollege.Don’twasteyouropportunity.Beagoodman,ausefulman,andafamousman…Thatisyoursister’swishforyou.’’Justayearlater,the7-monthspregnantMei-Kungdiedoftheplague,andahauntedLinstrovetobecomenotonly“usefulandfamous”butalsotofightinjustice,especiallyagainstwomen;hisbelovedChenJianduaninhisstudydays,anbeautifulartiest,wholeftalotofsweetmemoriestohim;thelast,butthemostimportanthiswifeandtwodaughters.WomenaroundhimuseddifferentwaystoinjecttheirgoodqualitiesandfinecultivationtoLin’ssoulsilently.Hence,LinYutanghadaspecialfeelingoffemale,andwroteMomentinPekingandcreatedtheperfectimageofMulan.3.ConclusionMomentinPekingisabrilliantstory.IfADreamofRedMansionisanencyclopediaforChinesefeudalsociety,whileMomentinPekingisanencyclopediafortransitionalChinesesocietyfromfeudalsystemtorepublicsystem.TheaimistoshowtherealChineseculturetothoseforeignerswhodespisedChinaatthathardtime.So,everywordinthisbookshowstheauthor’sadmirationforChineseartoflifeandthedeeploveforChinesecultureandhomeland.AccordingtoYaoMulan’slife,whatmostmakespeopleadmireisherattitudetoloveandherchoiceofmarriage.Whenloveiscoming,sheshowsherbraveness,clevernessandpassion;butwhenmarriageconflictswithlove,sheisabletoacceptherownmarriagepeacefullyandcalmlyandgraspherownhappiness.TherewasoneparagraphdescribingthecharacteristicofMulanandMochow.“Mulanisvivaciouslikeabrook,Mochowisquietlikeapond.Mulanislikeliquor,Mochow,likewine.Mulanstirsandstimulateslikeadayinautumnwoods,Mochowsoothesandstrengthenslikethesummermorn.Mulan’sspiritconstantlysoarstoheaven,whileMochow’sspiritiscalmandstronglikethespringearth.”(LinYutang2021)AlthoughonMulantherearemanyshadesoftradition,shehasthebravenessfreefromthemundaneeyes.Althoughsheisawoman,shedoesnotlackoftheboldnessandstraightforwardnessthatmenusuallybear,andfurthersheiskindandgenerous,beautifulandclever.Nowondersomanyreadersaretouchedbyherandloveherunconsciously.Wecanexploremoregoodcharactersworthyforourfurtherstudyanddigest.Suchabeautifulrarewoman,withsomanyuncommonexperiences,butherlifestillglittersfairnessandbrilliance.Facingthewartowardstheinvader,shechosethelifeasacommonpeople,whichshedesiredforalongtime.ShemeltedherselftoseaofbraveChinesefightingagainstJapanese,becameadropofwaterdurable,adamant,proudcommonChinesepeople.Afterreadingthenovel,youwilllearntheartoflife,thepeaceandthetranquilityandthepositivismandenthusiasmoflife.JustliketheChinesenovels,thecharmingliesonitscontinuousaftertaste.

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中国企业物流运作现状及发展战略探讨摘要：自从2001年中国加入WTO之后，市场竞争就更加激烈。每个企业为了提高自身的竞争力，努力提高物流水平，降低物流成本。本文将中国物流现状与发达的国家和地区的企业物流运作模式进行对比，提出了中国的企业物流发展战略关键词：企业物流现状；运行模式；发展战略一、中国企业物流的运作现状