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IntestinalCommunicableDiseasesMaincontentsIntestinalInfections:TyphoidFever;BacillarydysenterySystemicFungalInfectionsParasitosis:Amoebiasis;SchistosomiasisBasicpropertiesofcommunicablediseasesInflammation
consistentwiththebasiclawsofinflammation:alteration,exudation,proliferationEpidemiologyofcommunicablediseasesinChinaExtinct:Smallpox、Leprosy、PoliomyelitisControllablewithincreasingincidence:Tuberculosis;Syphilis
New—bornecommunicablediseases:
SARS;H7N9……TyphoidFeverAcutecommunicablediseasecausedbybacillustyphiAcuteproliferativeinflammatoryreactioncharacterizedbyincreaseinmacrophagesinMononuclearPhagocyteSystemandbylesionsoflymphoidtissuesatterminalileum.
Clinicalmanifestations:Persistentfever,bradycardia,hepatosplenomegaly,skinrash(rosespots),andleukopenia.Bacillustyphi(G-)endotoxinFlagella“H”antigenThallus“O”antigenWidalreactionInfectionsources:
patientsandbacteria-carrierRoutesoftransmission:
fecal—oralroutePopulation
Allaresusceptible
andimmunizedfromdiseaseTyphoidfeverPathogensisAdsorptiontointestinalmucosaafterbeingswallowed,drainedbythoraciclymphducttobloodstreamafterinvadingintolymphatictissueofbowel.(bacteremia)multiplyinmacrophagesindifferentorgans.(incubativestage)secondbacteremia(septicemia),generalizedlesions
(medullary
swellingstage)necrosiscausedbybacteriagettingintointestineagainfromcholecyst
bowelulcercellularimmunityupgradedandhealedgraduallyPathologicalfeaturesAcuteproliferativeinflammationcharacterizedbymacrophagesproliferations
TyphoidcellTyphoidgranuloma
orTyphoidNoduleTyphoidgranulomaPathologicalfeaturesinintestine
MostnotableinlowerpartofileumThecourseofuntreatedtyphoidfeverincludes4stages,eachlastingapproximatelyoneweek:
1)medullary
swellingstage
2)necrosisstage
3)ulcerstage
4)healingstageMedullary
swellingstageMedullary
swellingstageNecrosisstageUlcerstagelesionsintheintestineUlcersofIntestinaltuberculosisHowtodetectpathogensindifferentstages?OtherlesionsinMononuclearPhagocyteSystem
Enlargementoflymphnodes,liver,spleenandbonemarrowOtherlesionsinotherorgansheart—toxicmyocarditisskin—rosespotcholecyst—tocarrybacteriaforalongterm,importantsourceofinfectionkidney—immunecomplexingnephritismuscle—coagulativenecrosis(cerosis)TyphoidrosespotOutcomeandcomplicationsMostcanhealwithstrongimmunity
Complications
Entero-hemorrhageEntericperforationLobularpneumoniaBacillaryDysentery
Acommonentericcommunicablediseasecausedbybacillusdysenteriae
PathologicalchangesaremostlylimitedtodistalcolonCharacterizedbypseudo-membranousinflammationcausedbyfibrousexudations.Clinicalmanifestations:fever,abdominalpain,diarrhea,Stoolwithbloodstainedmucusandpus,andtenesmusInfectionsources:patientsandbacteriacarrierRouteoftransmission:fecal—oral,outbreakepidemicSusceptiblepopulation:children>youth>elderpeople,short-timeandunstableimmunity,relapsePathogenesisBacillusdysenteriaeInvadedirectlyintointestinalmucosainvasivenesskeypointMultiplyinlaminapropriaofmucosaEndo-toxinExo-toxin(Shigella)DestroycellsAbsorptedintobloodtoxinemiaWaterydiarrheaUlcerinmucosaDigestivetractPathologicalchangesMostlyinterminalcolon,severelyinsigmoidandrectum.Clinically,itcanbecategorizedwithacute,chronicandintoxicative
acutecase:pseudo-membranousinflammation,map-likeulcer
chroniccase:>2months,coexistenceofnewandoldlesions
intoxicative:children,withseveretoxaemiapseudo-membranousinflammationpseudo-membranousinflammation
,map-likeulcerFibrousinflammationManifestationsandoutcomesClinicalmanifestations
intestinalsymptom?Outcomes
AcutecasesmostlyrecoverChroniccasesareaffectedrepeatedlyDeathwouldoccurintoxicativecasesMycosisWeakpathogenicityPredisposingfactors:lowimmunity;opportunisticinfectionChronicwastingdiseaseandimmunodeficientdiseaseLong-termuseofbroadspectrumadrenalcortexhormoneHigh-doseX-rayirradiation、anti-neoplasticdrugandimmunosuppressantsLong-termuseofvenouscatheters,visceralductsandmajoroperationEndocrinedysfunctionsMainlesionsMildnon-specificinflammation-cryptococcusneoformansinbrainSuppurativeinflammation-candidiasis、aspergillosisandmucormycosis…Necrotizinginflammation-aspergillosisandmucormycososGranulomatousinflammation
DiagnosesofmycosisNon-specificityinlesionsDiagnoses:tofindpathogenicfungiinlesions(specialstain)ThrushCandidiasisAspergillosismucormycosiscryptococcusneoformansParasitosisCharacteristicsofparasitosisChronicinflammationCharacteristicsofcommunicablediseasesandepidemicsNeedtodetectparasitesandtheireggsindiagnosis.Eosinophilicabcessandgranulomaaresignificant.Amoebiasis
pathogen:pathogenicentamoebahistolyticaLocations:systemicdiseases
mainlyintestine、liver、lungandbrainlesions:liquefactivenecrosis→ulcerorabscesscystSmalltrophozoitLargetrophozoitIntestinalamoebiasisLocation:cecumand
ascendingcolon,thensigmoidandrectumBasiclesions:degeneratedinflammationmainlywith
tissueliquefactivenecrosisacutestage:flask-shapedulcers
chronicstage:Coexistenceofnewandoldlesions—necrosis,ulcer,scarformationandhyperplasiaofgranulationtissuesflask-shapedulcersAmoebiasisDysenteryPathogensEntamoebahistolyticaShigella
dysenteriaeLocationsCecumandascendingcolonSigmoidcolonandrectumPathologicnatureFocalnecroticinflammationsDisseminatedpseudomembranousinflammationsDepthofulcersDeep,flask-shapedShallow,irregularBorderofulcersUnderminingNon-underminingMucosabetweenulcersNormalInflammatorypseudomembranesGeneralizedmanifestationsMild,feverisinfrequentSevere,feverisfrequentIntestinalconditionsTendernessinrightlowerquadrant,diarrhea.Notenesmus.Tendernessinleftlowerquadrant,diarrhea,andtenesmus.StoolexaminationsFoul-odor;bloody;erythrocytesandtrophizoitsarepresentundermicroscopeStoolwithmucusandpus;bloody;puscellsarepresentundermicroscopeExtra-intestinalamoebiasisAmebicliverabscessAmebiclungabscessAmebicbrainabscessSchistosomiasisPathogen:schistosoma(japonicum)Irntemediatehost:oncomelaniaPathogenesis:mechanicalinjury,allergyEspeciallylesionsinducedbyeggsCharacteristicpathologicalchanges:
necrosis(acuteeggnoduleformation)proliferation(chronicegggranulomaformation)LifecycleAcuteeggnoduleMatureeggRadianteosinophilicmaterialsNecroticmaterialsandmanyeosinophilis(eosinophilicabscess)Chronicegggranuloma
Myracidiumintheeggisdead,lowantigenicityFormationofgranulomaliketuberclesFabriceggtubercleMainaffectiveorgancolonliverspleenlungbrainIntestinalschistosomiasisInvolveinthewholecolon,sigmoidcolon
andrectumarethemostnotableEarlystage:acuteeggnodule,superficialulcersAdvancedstage:Coexistanceofnewandoldlesions;fibrosisofintestinalwallandeggnodules,whichcancausestenosisofintestinallumenandbowelobstructionCaninduceconcurrentcancersHepaticschistosomiasisEarlystage:eggsdepositesatportalareaAdvancedstage:chroniceggnodulesandfibrosis
schistosomalhepaticcirrhosis-therearenopseudolobules-portalhypertensionappearsearlyandsevereBilharzialhepaticcirrhosisPipestemhepaticcirrhosisPortalcirrhosisPseudolobuleandPortalHypertensionPleasesummarizeintestinalcommunicablediseasesregardinglocations,typicallesions,symptoms,complicationsandsoon.FilariasisPathogen:WuchereriaBancrofti(transmittedbyCulex)
BrugiaMalayi
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