William-Wordsworth完整版可编辑

WilliamWordsworth

华兹华斯

(1770—1850)IntroductionWilliamWordsworth

(1770–1850)

Englishpoet,OneofthegreatEnglishpoets,hewasaleaderoftheromanticmovementinEngland.Wordsworth’sLife

alawyer’sfamily

deathofparentsgrammarschoollakedistrictCambridge,vocation1790,summertourtoFranceAftergettinghisdegreeinCambridge1791,backtoFrancefinancialdifficulties1797,ColeridgeweakenedrevolutionaryspiritseclusioninLakeDistrict1843,PoetLaureatediedin1850,attheageof80

MajorLiteraryWorksDescriptiveSketches,anEveningWalk(1793):hisfirstvolumewritteninthe18thcenturyfeelingfornaturaldescriptionLyricalBallads(1798):themanifestoofEnglishRomanticismThePrelude(1805):posthumouslyin1850;hisgreatestworkPoemsinTwoVolumes(1807):contains“Ode:IntimationsofImmortality”,theautobiographicalnarrative“ResolutionandIndependence”TheExcursion(1814)theorphanwasbroughtupbyrelatives,whosethimtoschoolatHwaksheadinthebeautifullakedistrictinnorthwesternEngland.In1795,Wordsworthsettleddownwithhissister,DorothyintheLakeDistrict,livedafrugallife.HestudiedatCambridgefrom1787to1791.LyricalBallads

《抒情歌谣集》1798ajointworkWordsworth&Coleridge

beginningoftheRomanticRevival

manysubjects:romantic,

charmofnovelty(新颖)tothingsofeverydaymajorityofpoemsdeeplovefornaturesympathyforthepoorManifestooftheMovement“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner”(“古舟子咏”;“老水手之行”)

LakePoetsWordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge柯尔律治Southey骚塞beginningasradicalsandclosingasconservativesContentsLifestoryLakepoetsWordsworthPrinciplesofpoetryWordsworthshortpoemsAssessmentStudyandappreciationofhispoetryWordsworthPrinciplesofpoetryIntheprefaceof"LyricalBallads",hesetforthhisprinciplesofpeotry.1."Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings"appealeddirectlytoindividualsensationsasthefoundationinthecreationandappreciationofpoetry.2.Thetruefunctionofpoetryliesinitspowertogiveanunexpectedsplendortofamiliarandcommonplacethings.(humble,rusticlifeassubject-matter)3.Astolanguage,heendeavoredtobringhislanguagenearto

thereallanguageofman.deliberatesimplicity,refusaltodecorate,thetruthofexpression,producedakindofpureandprofoundpoetrywithnootherthenpoethaseverequalled.4.Themostimportantcontributionhehasmadeisthathehasnotonlystartedthemodernpoetry,thepoetryofthegrowinginnerself,butalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordianryspeechofthelanguageandbyadvocatingareturntonature.ThePrelude《序曲》1)Wordsworth’sThePrelude《序曲》orGrowthofaPoet’sMind,anautobiographicalpoem

consideredhismasterpiece,isthespiritualrecordofhismind,showinghisdevelopmentofhisownthoughtandsentiment.2)

Ithas14books,analyzingthegrowthofhispoeticgeniusduringhischildhoodandyouth,andrecallsthelessonsheowestonature.3)

Thedescriptionofthebookhasbeencalledalongjourneyhome.Wordsworthshortpoems1.PoemsaboutnatureAgreatpoetofnature."aworshipperofnature'.hewasathisbestndescribingofmountains,rivers,flowers,birds,childrenandpeasants,reminiscencesofhisownchildhoodandyouth.Forhim,naturebecomesaninspiringforceofrapture,apowerthatrevealstheworkingsofsoul.Itactsasasubstituteforimaginationandintellectualengagementwiththedevelopmentofembodiedhumanbeingintheirdiversecircumstances.It'snaturethatgiveshimstrengthandknowledgefullofpeace.Descriptionsofmountains…andpeasants,andreminiscences(回忆)ofhisownchildhood…LinesWritteninEarlySpring“早春诗行”TotheCuckoo“致布谷鸟”TheDaffodils“水仙花”IWanderedLonelyasaCloud“我独自漫游像一朵浮云”MyHeartLeapsUp“我的心激烈地跳动”IntimationsofImmortality“不朽颂”LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey

“丁登寺杂咏”2.PoemsabouthumanlifeHethinksthatacommonlifeistheonlysubjectofliteraryinterest.heisamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofcommonpeople.Thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes.Hissympathyalwaysgoestothesufferingpoor.CommentsonWordsworth

pathetic(忧郁、感情上的)picturesoftheworkingpeoplenaivety天真ofsimplepeasantchildrensympathytothesufferingsofthepoor,humblepeasants“TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”“WeAreSeven”“我们是七个”“TheRuinedCottage”“SimonLee”“TheOldCumberlandBeggar”Assessment1.Wordsworth’sgoodpoetrywerewrittenduringthefirstdecadebetween1798and1801.

Whenhelivedinseclusion,hispoemsbecamedeclinedandmoreandmoreconservativeinthought.2.Wordsworth'spersonalityandpoetryweredeeplyinfluencedbyhisloveofnature,especiallybythesightsandscenesoftheLakeCountry,inwhichhespentmostofhismaturelife.Aprofoundlyearnestandsincerethinker,hedisplayedahighseriousnesscomparable,attimes,toMilton'sbuttemperedwithtendernessandaloveofsimplicity.3.Wordsworth'searlierworkshowsthepoeticbeautyofcommonplacethingsandpeople.Hisuseofthelanguageofordinaryspeechwasheavilycriticized,butithelpedtoridEnglishpoetryofthemoreartificialconventionsof18th-centurydiction.4.AlthoughWordsworthwasveneratedinthe19thcent.Bytheearly20thcent,hisreputationhaddeclined.Hewascriticizedfortheunevennessofhispoetry,forhisrathermarkedcapacityforbathos,andforhistransformationfromanopen-mindedliberaltoacrampedconservative.Inrecentyears,however,WordsworthhasagainbeenrecognizedasagreatEnglishpoet:aprofound,originalthinkerwhocreatedanewpoetictradition.Studyandappreciation1.SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays2.ITravelledamongUnknownMan3.IWanderedLonelyasacloud4.Sonnet:ComposeduponWestminsterBridge5.Thesolitaryreaper她住在人迹罕至的小路间她住在人迹罕至的小路间在鸽子谷的清泉旁一个无人赞扬也很少人爱的姑娘。青苔边的一朵紫罗兰一半令人看不见美得像颗星星，孤孤单单在天上闪现。她默默无闻，很少有人晓得露西死于何时但她已在墓中，啊！我怅然若失！Itisathree-stanzapoem,isthebestknownofWordsworth'sseriesoffiveworkswhichcomprisehis"Lucy"series,andwasafavouriteamongstearlyreaders.Itwascomposedbothasameditationonhisownfeelingsoflonelinessandloss,andasanodetothebeautyanddignityofanidealisedwomanwholivedunnoticedbyallothersexceptbythepoethimself.ThetitlelineimpliesLucylivedunknownandremote,bothphysicallyandintellectually.Thepoet'ssubject'sisolatedsensitivityexpressesacharacteristicaspectofRomanticexpectationsofthehuman,andespeciallyofthepoet's,condition.Throughoutthepoemsadnessandecstasyareintertwined.WhetherWordsworthhasdeclaredhisloveforherisleftambivalent,andevenwhethershehadbeenawareofthepoet'saffectionisunsaid.Howeverthepoet'sfeelingsremainunrequited,andhisfinalverserevealsthatthesubjectofhisaffectionshasdiedalone.Lucy's"untroddenways"aresymbolictothepoetofbothherphysicalisolationandtheunknowndetailsofhermindandlife.Inthepoem,WordsworthisconcernednotsomuchwithhisobservationofLucy,butwithhisexperiencewhenreflectingonherpassing.ITravelledamongUnknownMan我曾远游海外我曾远游海外，周围都是陌生的眼光;英格兰，不知爱你有多深沉，只因未曾去过异国他乡!

忧郁的梦全都散去，远游的念头旱已消亡，只因爱你越发深沉，我不愿再次背起行囊。你的崇山中有我的欢乐，你的峻岭下有我的期望;傍着英格兰炉火摇着纺车，还有我那心爱的姑娘。

你的展曦照着她在林阴流连，你的夜幕伴着她在茅舍徜徉;还有你那碧绿的田野。引来露西最后深情的眺望。IWanderedLonelyasacloudIWanderedLonelyasacloud

我如行云独自游我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看到一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放。它们开在湖畔，开在树下它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；一眼看去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴，又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃进；我久久凝视----却未领悟这景象所给予我的精神至宝。后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞；我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐.CommentonthepoemThisissimplyasuperbpoem

depictingpoet'slovefornature.Itisalyricpoemfocusingonthepoet'sresponsetothebeautyofnature.

Thepoetisneveralonewhenheiswithnature.Poetneverfelthimselfisolatedinthecompanyofnature.

HeistruelyaPantheist,wholovesnatureasamother.Wordsworth'sobservationsareverydeepandmaybecrowdofDaffodilsseemstohimasheadsofangels.

Personificationisalsousedbythepoetandhisintellectisreflectedinthispoem.

Allimagesarefulloflifeandmoodofpoemisjoyous.Thepoemtellsusthattheblisswecanenjoyintherealsenseofthetermifwecanmergeinthenature.Actualcontactwiththedaffodilsisnotthepoint.Onlywhenhereconstructsthemomentwithhis'inwardeye'doesheactuallyfeelpleasurefromtheexperience.Thepoetistrapped.Hecannotfeeltheworlduntilpullsitthroughmemory(time+imagination).Hedoesn't'dancewiththedaffodils'untilheisaloneandcanreflectonthem,andatthismoment,isolatedfromtheactualdaffodils,hereallyonlyreflectsonhimself.Wordsworthsimplytellsusofanexperiencehehadandwhatitmeanttohim,andhealsopointsoutthatitisthistypeofexperiencethatyoudon'tknowhowvaluableitwillbetoyouwhenithappens;itislater,afteryouhaveusedthememoryofittocheeryouupmanytimesinyourlifethatyourealizehowmuchitaffectedyou.

TomethispoemindicatesthepathtospiritualEnlightenment.这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。诗人带着对自由的向往去了法国，参加一些革命活动。但法国革命没有带来预期的结果，随之而来的是混乱。诗人的失望和受的打击是可想而知的，后来在他的朋友和妹妹的帮助下，情绪才得以艰难地恢复。这首诗就写于诗人的心情平静之后不久。在诗的开头，诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云，孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。孤傲的诗人发现一大片金色的水仙，它们欢快地遍地开放。在诗人的心中，水仙已经不是一种植物了，而是一种象征，代表了一种灵魂，代表了一种精神。水仙很多，如天上的星星，都在闪烁。水仙似乎是动的，沿着弯屈的海岸线向前方伸展。诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。在诗人的心中，水仙代表了自然的精华，是自然心灵的美妙表现。但是，欢快的水仙并不能时时伴在诗人的身边，诗人离开了水仙，心中不时冒出忧郁孤寂的情绪。这时诗人写出了一种对社会、世界的感受：那高傲、纯洁的灵魂在现实的世界只能郁郁寡欢。当然，诗人的脑海深处会不时浮现水仙那美妙的景象，这时的诗人双情绪振奋，欢欣鼓舞。诗歌的基调是浪漫的，同时带着浓烈的象征主义色彩。可以说，诗人的一生只在自然中找到了寄托。而那平静、欢欣的水仙就是诗人自己的象征，在诗中，诗人的心灵和水仙的景象融合了。这首诗虽然是在咏水仙，但同时也是诗人自己心灵的抒发和感情的外化。诗人有强烈的表达自我的意识，那在山谷上的高傲形象，那水仙的欢欣，那郁郁的独眠或是诗人自己的描述，或是诗人内心的向往。诗人的心灵又是外向的，在自然中找到了自己意识的象征。那自然就进入了诗人的心灵，在诗人的心中化为了象征的意象。ThepoemisasonnetdescribingLondon,viewedfromoneofthebridgesovertheThames,intheearlymorning.Itwasfirstpublishedin1807.

ComposedUponWestminsterBridge

威斯敏斯特桥上大地再没有比这儿更美的风貌：

若有谁，对如此壮丽动人的景物

竟无动于衷，那才是灵魂麻木；

瞧这座城市，像披上一领新袍，

披上了明艳的晨光；环顾周遭：

船舶，尖塔，剧院，教堂，华屋，

都寂然、坦然，向郊野、向天穹赤露，

在烟尘未染的大气里粲然闪耀。

旭日金挥洒布于峡谷山陵，

也不比这片晨光更为奇丽；

我何尝见过、感受过这深沉的宁静！

河上徐流，由着自己的心意；

上帝呵！千门万户都沉睡未醒，

这整个宏大的心脏仍然在歇息！ThispoemiswritteninPetrarchansonnetform.Thisschemedividesthepoemintotwo:thefirsteightlines(octave)andthenextsix(sestet).Betweenthesetwoisabreakcalledavolta(回,次)whichemphasisesthetraditionalchangeinmoodorsubjectbetweentheoctaveandsestet.Inthefirsteight,hedescribesearlymorningLondonindetail,andthengoesoninthefinalsixtocomparethecityinthatmomenttonaturalwonders.TherhymeschemeisABBAABBACDCDCD,asisfairlycommonforaPetrarchansonnet.StructureSummaryInthebeginningofthepoem,thepoetisdescribingthebeautyofthemorningsceneatWestminsterBridge.Hesaysthereisnothingmorebeautifulonearth,ascenewhichis"touchinginitsmajesty".Wordsworthputsthebeautyofsuchascenedowntothe"smokelessair",anunusualthingforLondoninthe1800s,andpartofthebeautythatonlytheearliestmorningcanbring.

Heevengoessofarastosuggestthatno"valley,rock,orhill"hasbeensobeautifullylitbytheearlymorning,which,consideringWordsworth'spreferenceforrusticfiguresandnature,wouldseemsurprisinguntilthepenultimate倒数第二的lineofthesonnethalf-answersourquestions.Thebeautyofthecityisthatitissleeping.Therearenopeoplebustlingabout,thereisnosmoke...thesun(whichnote,isNature)mayonlyhavesuchadeepeffectonthecityatthistime,beforethecitybecomesacity-whilstitisstilljustbuildings.ThemesInthepoemthethemeisthatofNature.ThepoemdescribesthebeautyofLondonintheearlymorningjustwhenthesunrises.Londonisnotintroducedinitsnegativeaspect,butitisinsertedinnaturalscenery.Theauthordescribesthebeautyofthecityasthetowers,thecathedrals,thetheatresandthetemples.Wordsworthpersonifiesthecityalongwiththeearthandthesun.Thisreiterateshisconvictionthatthecity,atthisparticularpointofday,doesnotclashwithnaturebutbecomesapartofit.Weperceivethebeautyofthecitynotsomuchthroughthedescriptionofwhatcanbeseenasthroughasenseoftheadmirationofthespeaker.Itisasifheislookingatawonder,atsomethingthatcannotbebutisstillthere.Thissenseofadmirationiscommunicatedthroughthedevelopmentofastrangeparadox,whichstatestheimpossibleunityoftwocontradictorythings:theindustrialcityandtheorganicbeautyofnature.Thisparadoxisintroducedthroughtheimageofdress,whichtherhymesoftheoctavehighlight:thecityisfair(beautiful)becauseitwears‘likeagarment’thenaturalbeautyofthemorning;butwearingthebeautyofthemorninginfactmeansthatthecityisbare(naked):whatitwearsisjust‘thesmokelessair’.Theparadoxiscarriedoveranddevelopedfurtherinthesestet.Theconnectionwiththedressmetaphorisestablishedthroughtheimageofthecitybeingsteepedinthelightofthesunandthentheparadoxisextendedtothestrangeunionofbeingdead(orasleep)andbeingalive.Thecityisnowmorebeautifulandmorealivethannatureitself,butthisisonlysobecauseitissteepedinthelightofthesunandisthusdeepasleep.

Therhymingwordssteep–deep–asleephighlighttheseconnections.Asopposedtothecity,whichis‘lyingstill’,thenaturalpartsofthelandscape,thesunlight,the‘valley,rock,orhill’aswellastheriverarenowactive,theydominateoverthesleepingcity,asisemphasizedbytherhymingwordshill–attheirwill–lyingstill.Thecity,representedinthelastlinebythemetaphoroftheheart,isthusalivebecauseitisdead,becauseitisinactiveandisdominatedbyitsnaturalenvironment.ImageryInWordsworth'sview,theairiscleanandonlythelightofthesunilluminatesthecity.Thepoettransmitstothereadersthecalmandthetranquillitydescribedinhispoem.Thereareneithersoundsornoises,thereisonlysilence.InBlake'spoem,hearingistheprevailingsense.InWordsworth'sone,itisthesightthatemerges,whilethehearingisabsent.OntheonehandinBlake'scompositionthetownispresentedthroughthesmokethatpervadesthewallsoftheChurches.Ontheotherhand,inWordsworth'spoem,Londonshowscleanairandthesunilluminatesthewholecity.ThepoemdepictsavividscenethatisyetanotherfondmemorysharedbetweenWordsworthandhissister.Heusesbeautifullanguageandcleverliterarydevices,especiallyimagery,tomakethecitycomealivebeforethereader'seyes.Thepassionatepicturethatthepoempaintsisamemorythatcalmsandplacates

安抚,平息(怒气).1.Inthispoem,Wordsworthbringsthesceneryaroundhimtolife(anexampleofthePatheticfallacy).WordsworthpersonifiestheEarthbygivingitacapitalletter,anddescribingitashavingtheabilityto"show".

2.Healsopersonifiesthecity,bydescribingitaswearingthemorningbeauty"likeagarment".3.Theimageofthesunispowerful,asitisreferredtoas“he”,withactionsdescribedbydictionsuchas“steep”.Thisdictioncreatestheimageofsunlightslowlysubmergingintotheearth'ssplits.4.Theriverispersonifiedwhenitisdescribedashavingits"ownsweetwill",andthehousesarepersonifiedbytheirdescriptionofbeingasleep.

5.Lastly,thecityitselfispersonifiedwiththeline"andallthatmightyheartislyingstill".6.ThesepersonificationsagainhelpustodrawtheconclusionthatWordsworthisconsideringasleepingcityaspartofnature.ThecompactdescriptionofLondoninlinessixandsevenemphasizethecompactnessofthecity,andlongvowelsoundssuchas"glideth"and"silent"emphasizethecalmfeelingoftheoccasion.7.Thedescription“brightandglitteringinthesmokelessair”createsadistinctimageoftheclarityofthemorning.Theseimagescombinetocreateabreathtakingimageofthemorning.Despitethisexcitementcreatedbythevividdescriptions,prevalentinthispoemisasenseofcalamity.Thepoemdescribes“acalmsodeep”that“eventhehousesseemasleep”.Thesolitaryreaper孤独的割麦女看，一个孤独的高原姑娘

在远远的田野间收割，

一边割一边独自歌唱，——

请你站住．或者俏悄走过！

她独自把麦子割了又捆，

唱出无限悲凉的歌声，

屏息听吧！深广的谷地

已被歌声涨满而漫溢！

还从未有过夜莺百啭，

唱出过如此迷人的歌，

在沙漠中的绿荫间

抚慰过疲惫的旅客；

还从未有过杜鹃迎春，

声声啼得如此震动灵魂，

在遥远的赫布利底群岛

打破过大海的寂寥。

她唱什么，谁能告诉我？

忧伤的音符不断流涌，

是把遥远的不聿诉说？

是把古代的战争吟咏？

也许她的歌比较卑谦，

只是唱今日平凡的悲欢，

只是唱自然的哀伤苦痛——

昨天经受过，明天又将重逢？

姑娘唱什么，我猜不着，

她的歌如流水永无尽头；

只见她一面唱一面干活，

弯腰挥镰，操劳不休……

我凝神不动，听她歌唱，

然后，当我登上了山岗，

尽管歌声早已不能听到，

它却仍在我心头缭绕。Analysis"TheSolitaryReaper"isaballadbyWordsworth,andoneofhisbest-knownworksinEnglishliterature.Init,Wordsworthdescribesinthefirstperson,presenttense,howheisamazedandmovedbyaScottishHighlandsgirlwhosingsasshereapsgraininasolitaryfield.Composedin1805,thepoemwasfirstpublishedinPoems,inTwoVolumes(1807).Eachofitsfourstanzasiseightlineslongandwritteniniambicte