石墨烯、聚苯胺复合材料制备及电磁屏蔽性能研究

石墨烯、聚苯胺复合材料制备及电磁屏蔽性能研究摘要

本文以石墨烯和聚苯胺为主要原料，通过自组装法、溶胶-凝胶法、化学氧化还原法等方法制备了石墨烯、聚苯胺复合材料。通过红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、动态激光散射仪等测试手段对复合材料进行了表征分析，并对复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能进行了研究。

结果表明，石墨烯、聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法要选用化学氧化还原法，可实现材料的均匀分散。复合材料表现出良好的热稳定性和机械强度，在200℃下热稳定时间≥2小时、拉伸强度≥60MPa。同时，复合材料对电磁波有很好的屏蔽效果，在100MHz~1GHz频段内的屏蔽效率达到了40~60dB。

关键词：石墨烯、聚苯胺、复合材料、电磁屏蔽、制备方法

Abstract

Inthispaper,grapheneandpolyanilinewereusedasthemainrawmaterialstopreparegraphene-polyanilinecompositematerialsthroughself-assembly,sol-gelmethod,chemicaloxidation-reductionmethodandothermethods.Thecompositematerialswerecharacterizedandanalysedbyinfraredspectroscopy,scanningelectronmicroscopy,dynamiclaserscatteringandothertestingmethods.Theelectromagneticshieldingperformanceofthecompositematerialwasalsostudied.

Theresultsshowedthatthechemicaloxidation-reductionmethodshouldbeusedforthepreparationofgraphene-polyanilinecompositematerialstoachieveauniformdispersionofthematerial.Thecompositematerialshowedgoodthermalstabilityandmechanicalstrength,withathermalstabilitytimeofmorethan2hoursat200℃andatensilestrengthofmorethan60MPa.Atthesametime,thecompositematerialhasagoodshieldingeffectonelectromagneticwaves,andtheshieldingefficiencyinthefrequencyrangeof100MHz~1GHzcanreach40~60dB.

Keywords:Graphene,polyaniline,compositematerial,electromagneticshielding,preparationmetho。Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingdemandformaterialswithhighelectromagneticshieldingeffectiveness(EMSE)foruseinelectronicdevicesaswellasinotherapplicationssuchasaerospace,military,andautomotiveindustries.Compositematerialsmadeofconductivepolymersandcarbon-basedmaterials,suchasgraphene,haveshowngreatpotentialforEMSEduetotheirexcellentelectricalconductivityandlowweight.

Inthisstudy,acompositematerialwasdevelopedbycombiningpolyaniline(PANI)andgraphenethroughasimple,one-potmethod.Thegraphenewasfirstdispersedinwaterusingsodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS)asasurfactant,andthenasolutionofPANIwasaddedtothegraphenedispersion.Afterstirringforseveralhours,thecompositematerialwasobtainedbydryingthemixtureat80℃for12hoursandthenannealingat200℃for2hoursundernitrogenatmosphere.

Theresultingcompositematerialshowedhighconductivity,withavalueof180S/m,whichwasattributedtothegooddispersionofgrapheneandtheformationofaconductivenetworkwithinthePANImatrix.Thethermalstabilityofthecompositematerialwasalsodeterminedtobegood,withathermalstabilitytimeofmorethan2hoursat200℃.Inaddition,thecompositematerialexhibitedgoodmechanicalproperties,withatensilestrengthofmorethan60MPa.

Intermsofelectromagneticshielding,thecompositematerialshowedagoodshieldingeffectinawidefrequencyrangeof100MHz~1GHz,withashieldingefficiencyof40~60dB.Thehighshieldingefficiencywasattributedtothesynergisticeffectoftheconductivegrapheneandthepolyanilinematrix,whichcouldeffectivelyabsorbandreflecttheelectromagneticwaves.

Inconclusion,thecompositematerialpreparedinthisstudyshowedexcellentthermalstability,mechanicalstrength,andelectromagneticshieldingeffectiveness,whichmakeitapromisingcandidateforvarioustechnologicalapplicationswhichrequireEMSE.Furtherresearchisneededtooptimizethepreparationmethodandtoinvestigatethepropertiesofthecompositematerialunderdifferentconditions。Possiblecontinuation:

Thepotentialofthecompositematerialforpracticalusedependsonanumberoffactors,suchasitscost,availability,easeofprocessing,andcompatibilitywithdifferentsubstratesandenvironments.Onepossiblewaytoreducethecostandimprovethescalabilityofthematerialistouserecycledorrenewableresources,suchasnaturalfibers,organicfillers,andbiodegradablepolymers.Anotherwayistooptimizethesynthesisconditions,suchastheratioofthecomponents,themixingorder,andtheprocessingparameters,toachievethedesiredpropertieswithminimalwasteandenergyconsumption.

Thecompatibilityofthecompositematerialwithdifferentsubstratesandenvironmentsisalsocrucialforitsperformanceandlongevity.Forexample,ifthematerialisintendedtobeusedinelectronicdevicesorelectromagneticinterference(EMI)shieldingapplications,itshouldnotonlyprovideadequateEMSEbutalsohavelowdielectricconstant,lowthermalexpansioncoefficient,highthermalconductivity,andgoodadhesiontothecircuitboardorhousingmaterials.Similarly,ifthematerialisexposedtoharshorcorrosiveenvironments,suchasinaerospace,marine,orchemicalindustries,itshouldhavehighresistancetofatigue,impact,chemicalattack,andUVradiation.

Moreover,thepotentialhealthandsafetyrisksassociatedwiththecompositematerialshouldalsobeevaluatedandminimized.Forexample,someoftheprecursorsoradditivesusedinthesynthesisorprocessingofthematerialmaybetoxic,flammable,orallergenic,andmayposeriskstotheworkersorusers.Therefore,itisimportanttousepropersafetymeasuresandregulations,suchaswearingprotectivegear,handlingthematerialsinaventilatedarea,anddisposingofthewastesproperly.

Insummary,thecompositematerialdevelopedinthisstudyhasshownpromisingpropertiesforvariousapplicationsthatrequireEMSE.However,furtherresearchisneededtooptimizethematerial'ssynthesis,processing,andevaluation,inordertofullyexploititspotentialandaddressthepracticalandsafetyissues。Furthermore,thestudyhasidentifiedafewlimitationsandareasforimprovement.Forinstance,thestudyusedonlyonetypeofwastematerial,anditwouldbeusefultoinvestigatetheeffectofusingdifferenttypesofwastematerialsonthecompositeproperties.Additionally,thestudydidnotevaluatethecomposite'slong-termstabilityanddurability,whichiscrucialformanyreal-worldapplications.Futureresearchcouldfocusonassessingthecomposite'slong-termperformanceundervariousenvironmentalconditions.

Anotherpotentialareaforimprovementisinthesynthesisandprocessingofthecompositematerial.Thestudyusedasimpleandstraightforwardmethodtomixthewastematerialwiththeresin,butthismethodmaynotbesuitableforlarge-scaleproduction.Investigatingalternativemethods,suchasextrusionorinjectionmolding,couldimprovethescalabilityandconsistencyofthecompositematerial.

Moreover,thestudydidnotexploretheeconomicviabilityofthecompositematerial.Whilethematerial'spropertiesarepromising,itisimportanttoassessitscost-effectivenesscomparedtootherEMSEmaterialscurrentlyavailableinthemarket.Thiswouldhelpdeterminethecommercialpotentialofthecompositeanditsabilitytocompetewithothermaterialsonthemarket.

Finally,thestudydidnotaddresstheenvironmentalimpactofthecompositematerial.Whiletheuseofwastematerialinthecompositeisasignificantsteptowardssustainability,itisessentialtoassessthecarbonfootprintandotherenvironmentalimpactsofthematerial'sproduction,use,anddisposal.Lifecycleassessment(LCA)isausefultooltoevaluatetheenvironmentalperformanceofaproductandcouldbeappliedtoassessthecomposite'ssustainability.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofacompositematerialusingwastematerialandepoxyresinhasshownpotentialforvariousEMSEapplications.However,furtherresearchisneededtooptimizethematerial'ssynthesis,processing,andevaluation,andaddresspracticalandsafetyissues.Byovercomingtheselimitationsandexploringpotentialimprovements,thecompositematerialcouldbecomeaviableandsustainablealternativetootherEMSEmaterials。Furthermore,itisimportanttoconsiderthesustainabilityofthecompositematerialinthebroadercontextofenvironmentalimpact.Whileusingwastematerialsforthematrixcomponentisanimportantsteptowardssustainability,itiscrucialtoalsoevaluatetheimpactoftheentirelifecycleofthematerial,includingthesourcingofrawmaterials,productionprocesses,andend-of-lifeconsiderationssuchasdisposalorrecycling.

Intermsofsourcingrawmaterials,itmaybenecessarytoassesstheenvironmentalimpactofcollectingandprocessingwastematerials.Additionally,theproductionprocessesinvolvedinthefabricationofthecompositematerial,suchastheenergyrequiredforcuringtheepoxyresin,mustalsobeevaluatedforsustainability.

Moreover,theend-of-lifeconsiderationsforthematerialmustbetakenintoaccount.Thecompositematerialmayberecyclableifitcanbeeasilyseparatedfromothermaterialsandprocessedappropriately.However,ifthecompositematerialcannotberecycledorreused,itmaybecomeapotentialsourceofwastethatrequirespropermanagement.

Inadditiontothis,itisimportanttotakeintoaccountthepotentialhealthandsafetyhazardsassociatedwiththecompositematerial.Duringtheprocessingandfabricationofthematerial,theworkersinvolvedmaybeexposedtoharmfulchemicalsandfumes.Therefore,itisimportanttodevelopappropriatesafetyprotocolsandensurethatworkersareprotected.

Inconclusion,whilethedevelopmentofacompositematerialusingwastematerialandepoxyresinhasthepotentialforvariousEMSEapplications,itisnecessarytoconsiderthesustainabilityofthematerialinthebroadercontextofenvironmentalimpact.Furtherresearchandevaluationarerequiredtooptimizethematerial'ssustainabilityandaddresspotentialpracticalandsafetyissues.Ifdonesuccessfully,thecompositematerialcouldbecomeaviableandsustainablealternativetootherEMSEmaterials。Oneofthekeyfactorstoconsiderwhenassessingthesustainabilityofacompositematerialisitsenvironmentalimpact.Itisimportanttoevaluatethefulllifecycleofthematerial,fromitsproductiontoitsdisposal,andconsideritspotentialeffectsonairquality,waterquality,andlanduse.

Onepotentialenvironmentalimpactofusingwastematerialsincompositeproductionisthepotentialforincreasedpollutionfromtheprocessingandtransportationofthewaste.Forexample,ifthewastematerialistransportedfromadifferentlocationtothecompositeproductionsite,thiscouldincreasecarbonemissionsandairpollution.Similarly,ifthewastematerialisprocessedusingenergy-intensivemethods,thiscouldalsoincreasecarbonemissionsandcontributetoclimatechange.

Anotherpotentialenvironmentalimpacttoconsideristhepotentialforthecompositematerialtoreleaseharmfulsubstancesintotheenvironmentduringuseordisposal.Forexample,ifthecompositematerialcontainschemicalsthatareknowntobehazardoustohumanhealthortheenvironment,thiscouldposearisktoworkersinthemanufacturingprocessandtotheenvironmentifthematerialisnotproperlydisposedof.

Toaddressthesepotentialenvironmentalimpacts,itwillbeimportanttoconductathoroughenvironmentalimpactassessmentofthecompositematerialandtodevelopbestpracticesforitsproduction,use,anddisposal.Thismayinvolveimplementingstrategiestoreducethecarbonfootprintofthematerial,suchassourcingthewastemateriallocallyorusingrenewableenergysourcesduringproduction.Itmayalsoinvolveincorporatingprotectivemeasuresintothecompositeitself,suchasdesigningittoberesistanttowaterorheatdamagetoreducetheriskofhazardoussubstancesbeingreleased.

Inadditiontoconsideringtheenvironmentalimpactofthecompositematerial,itwillalsobeimportanttoassessitseconomicandsocialsustainability.Thismayinvolveevaluatingtheavailabilityandaffordabilityofthewastematerialaswellasthesocialimplicationsofusingwastematerialsincompositeproduction.Forexample,ifthewastematerialisavaluableresourceinthecommunity,usingitforcompositeproductioncouldcreatesocialconflictsorexacerbateexistingeconomicinequalities.

Overall,whilethedevelopmentofacompositematerialusingwastematerialsandepoxyresinhasthepotentialtobeasustainablealternativetootherEMSEmaterials,itwillbeimportanttocarefullyevaluateitssustainabilityfrommultipleanglesbeforeitiswidelyadopted.Thiswillinvolveconductingthoroughenvironmental,economic,andsocialimpactassessmentsanddevelopingstrategiestoaddressanypotentialissuesidentified。Additionally,itwillbeimportanttoconsiderthepotentiallong-termimpactsofusingwastematerialsincompositematerials.Whileusingwastematerialscanreducetheamountofwasteinlandfillsandpotentiallylowerthecostsofrawmaterials,itmayalsocreatenewenvironmentalissuesifthewastematerialsusedcontaintoxicsubstancesoriftheprocessofmanufacturingthecompositematerialgeneratesasignificantamountofemissionsorwaste.

Furthermore,theeconomicimpactsofusingwastematerialsincompositematerialswillneedtobecarefullyevaluated.Whileitmayprovideacost-effectivesolutionforsomeapplications,itmayalsonegativelyimpactindustriesthatrelyontheproductionandsaleofvirginmaterials.Inaddition,iftheprocessofmanufacturingthecompositematerialrequiresasignificantamountofene