中考时态之现在进行时态

中考时态之现在进行时态

讲解一、现在进行时的基本用法1、表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。常见的提示词有now,look以及listen等。如：I,mbabysittingmyyoungerbrothernow.我在照看我弟弟。Look!It,srainingoutside.瞧，外面在下雨。2、表示现阶段一直在进行或不断重复的动作，但说话时该动作并不一定在进行。此时句中出现的时间状语可能是thesedays,thisweek,thismonth等。如：He,swatchinganinterestingTVplaythesedays.近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。AreyouteachingEnglishinaschool?你在学校教英语吗？二、现在进行时的特殊用法1、表示最近的确定安排，即根据计划或安排在近期内将要发生的动作。这是表示眼前打算最普通的说法，但一般要与表示将来的时间连用，以避免现在进行时和一般将来时的含义上的混淆。例如：I,mmeetingyouattheairportthisevening.今晚，我会到机场接你。Whatareyouhavingfordinner?晚饭吃什么？注意：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图；而一般现在时表示将来，则其客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况。如：I,mnotgoingoutthisevening,今晚我不准备出去。Whattimedoesthetrainleave?火车什么时候开？2、表示从一个地方到另一个地方位置移动的动词(如go,come,drive,fly,travel,arrive,leave,start,visit，run，return等)，以及动词do等的现在进行时形式，可以用来表示没有确定安排的决定或计划。比如：He7sleavingforBeijingtomorrow.他明天动身去北京。WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?下星期天你要干什么？3、有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。但是用现在进行时更侧重于表示说话者的关切心情。例如：Howareyoufeelingtoday?(二Howdoyoufeeltoday?)你今天感觉如何？Iamlookingforwardtoyournextvisit.(=Ilookforwardtoyournextvisit.)我盼望你下次再来。4、现在进行时和always,usually,often,forever,allthetime等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。例如：She,salwayshelpingothers,她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏）Youarealwaystalkinginclass.你上课老是说话。（表示批评）5、有些动词可以用于现在进行时表示表示行动或状态的变化过程，说明人或事物的变化已经开始，但变化还在进行过程中，并未最后完成。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。适合于此种用法的动词有:get/grow/become/turn/run/go（变成），begin（开始）,forget（忘记），remember（记得）,die（死），finish（完成）,find（发现），rise（增强）等。It,sgettingdarkeranddarker.天色越来越晚了。Thelittledogisdying.这条小狗快要死了。6、be动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。此时，其后常接foolish（愚蠢的），nice（好的），kind（好心的），careful（细心的），patient（耐心的），lazy（懒惰的），silly（傻的），rude（粗鲁的），polite（礼貌的），impolite（无礼的）等表示人的特性或性格的形容词。例如：Heisfoolish.他很傻。（生性如此）Heisbeingfoolish.他在装傻。（暂时的表现，并非总是如此）Heishonest。他很老实。（一贯如此）Heisbeinghonest.他表现得特别老实。（暂时的表像，并非总是如此）7、出于礼貌、客套等的需要，hope，wonder，want等少数几个人动词，可以用现在进行时的形式来表示一种委婉的请求语气。例如：I,mhopingyouwillgivemesomeadvice我希望你能给我提些建议。I,mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.我想知道我是否能和你谈谈。三、现在进行时的谓语部分构成1、肯定式：be（am,is,are）+Ving（现在分词）如：TheyarehavinganEnglishclass,他们在上英语课。2、否定式：be（am,is,are）+not+Ving（现在分词）如：Theyaren,thavinganEnglishclass.他们不在上英语课。3、疑问式：将be的具体形式（即am,is或are）提前到句首。如:AretheyhavinganEnglishclass？他们在上英语课吗？四、现在分词的变化规则1、一般在词尾加-ing（一般-ing）。例如：going，playing，knowing2、以不发音的字母e结尾，先去e再加-ing（去哑e）。例如：making，arriving，coming3、以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing（重闭单辅先双写）。例如：running，stopping，preferring4、以-ie结尾，先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。例如：tying,dying,lying五、运用现在进行时常见的几个错误1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错。例：(1)误：Theyareswiming(swim).正：Theyareswimming(swim).(2)误：Jennyisplaiing(play)football.正：Jennyisplaying(play)football.解析：A、动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:一般-ing；哑e先去e；重闭单辅先双写；-ie结尾y来替。B、动词现在分词的变化规则要与名词变复数、动词变现单三等规则区分开来。2、谓语部分的构成不完整：丢掉be动词，或忘记把动词变成现在分词。例：(1)误:Look！Twochildrenflying(fly)akiteinthepark.正：Look！Twochildrenareflying(fly)akiteinthepark.(2)误：LiMingisn,tread(notread)abookinbednow.正：LiMingisn,treading(notread)abookinbednow.解析：现在进行时的谓语部分的构成是“be+现在分词”，二者缺一不可，这一点必须要牢记。3、对动词或动词词组提问时，丢掉代动词doing。例：Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.(对划线部分提问)一误：Whatarethestudentsintheroom?一正：Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom?解析：现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式'What+be+主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“Whatdoing?”句式。4、现在进行时态的谓语部分是并列结构时，容易忽视第二个以及第二个以后的动词用现在分词形式。例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？误：Arethechildrenrunningorjump?正：Arethechildrenrunningorjumping?解析:or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷.阅读理解“Pleasetakemypenny,”saidMaggietooldDan,thefisherman,whosatonabenchrepairinghisnets.HerbrotherAndrewdrewherback,whispering,“Maggie,heisnotabeggar乞丐)!”ButMaggiepaidnoattention.“Pleasetakeit,”shesaidagain.OldDansmiled,andtookit.“Thankyou,littlemiss,”hesaid,“Itiskindlymeant.”Afterthat,Maggiewenttothebeachtogathershells.Sheneverthoughthowfastthehourswerepassinguntilbeingtired.Shesatdownonarock.Soonshewasscaredbecausetheseawaterwasgoingup.Shewantedtogohome,butshefoundtheplacesshehadgonedowneasilyverydifficulttoclimbup.Thestoneswerewetandsmooth.WhatcouldpoorMaggiedo?Shefeltsadandcried.Luckily,Dan'slargedogRoverjumpeddownfromarock!Roverraisedhisloudbark.Thefishermanhadtakenhisnetstothetopofthecliffs(悬崖)，andwaslayingthemoutinthesunwhenheheardtheloudbarkingofadog.HefeltsurethatitwasRover,andRoverwasintrouble,sohelookedover.Therehesawitall.“Blessher!Itisthelittleonethatwassokind-spokentomethismorning!”hecried,andhehurriedtohissons'rooms.“Quick,boys,quick!”hesaid.“Gettotheboat,androwfasttothesea.Thereisapoorchildtherejustwaitingtobehelped.”Thefishermenlostnotime,andsoonlittleMaggieandRoverwererowedsafelytoland!OldDanwaswaitingtheretoliftherouttogiveherintohermother'sarms.“Itwasthepennythatdidit,madam,”hesaidtoMrs.Westonlater.“IsawRoverlookingatherwhensheputthepenny.AndIamthinkinghehadbeenlookingafterheralltheday.”Someyearslater,RovercametoMaggie'shomewithalittlenote,inwhichwaswritten—“WillMaggiehelpRover?—hismasterisdead.”WhorowedMaggietolandsafely?A.Rover. B.OldDan. C.OldDan'ssons. D.Andrew.Whatwecanguessfromtheendofthestory?MaggierefusedtobeRover'snewmaster.RoverfeltsadaboutMrs.Western'sdeath.C.RoverlivedwithOldDanuntilhismasterdied.D.MaggiebecameRover'smasteratonceaftershewassaved.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Onekindactbringsanother.Youshouldactandspeakthesamekindly.Oneperson'spleasuremaybeanother'spain.Peopleoftenforgetwhatisreallyimportantinourlives.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Roverandhismaster B.Rover'snewfriendC.Whatthebravedogdid D.WhatMaggie'spennydid【答案】(1)C(2)C(3)A(4)D【解析【分析】这是一篇以麦姬的硬币引发的感人故事。最初善良的麦姬以为老渔夫是乞丐送给了他一便士硬币，当麦姬在海滩上遇到危险时，渔夫的狗罗孚及时呼救〃，在老渔夫儿子的帮助下才脱离了险境。最后，老渔夫临去世前又把狗托付给麦姬收养，诠释了当施恩于别人的时候，也会得到别人的恩赐与帮助的道理。(1)C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的句子"Quick,boys,quick!”hesaid.“Gettotheboat,androwfasttothesea.OldDanwaswaitingtheretoliftherouttogiveherintohermother'sarms.可知，是丹的儿子把麦姬成功解救出来！答案为C。(2)C细节推理题。根据短文最后一句"WillMaggiehelpRover?—hismasterisdead.〃老渔夫丹一直与他的狗罗孚生活在一起，直到他临去世前把狗托付给麦姬，麦姬的硬币感动了渔夫，渔夫的狗罗孚也在麦姬遇到危险时帮助了她，麦姬不接纳罗孚显然不合理，A答案不正确，故正确答案C。(3)A主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，最初善良的麦姬以为老渔夫是乞丐送给了他一便士硬币，当麦姬在海滩上遇到危险时，渔夫的狗罗孚及时呼救〃，在老渔夫儿子的帮助下才脱离了险境。诠释了当施恩于别人的时候，也会得到别人的恩赐与帮助的道理。故答案A最符合题意。(4)D标题归纳题。纵观全文可以发现，是麦姬给老渔夫丹的一便士硬币引出了这个感人的故事。故D答案最合理。【点评】第3小题是考查作者的写作意图，适合用捕捉主旨大意来解题。所谓主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主题思想，中心观点，它常常针对文章的主题，作者的写作意图，文章段落的中心思想进行提问，这类题也叫归纳概括题。做这道题时，必须在通读全文的基础上，准确把握短文的主旨大意，作者传递着一种‘善有善报〃的思想，诠释了当施恩于别人的时候，也会得到别人的恩赐与帮助的道理。故A答案最符合题意。2.阅读下列材料，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项。DOneyear,acollegeintheUnitedStatesannouncedthatitwouldofferalotofmoneyforthepurewhitemarigold（金盏花）.Thehighrewardattractedsomanypeople,butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone.Soaftertheywereexcitedforatime,manypeoplehadforgottentheannouncement.Onenormaldayafter20years,thecollegereceivedaletterand100seedsofpurewhitemarigold.Itwasanoldwomanofover70yearsold.Someexpertsinthecollegedoubtedit,butinordernottoletherdown,thoseseedsfinallytookroot根艮）intheearth.Themiracleappearedafteroneyear;thefieldwascoveredbypurewhitemarigold.Therefore,theoldwomanwhowasalwaysunknowntothepublicbecameanewfocus.Theoldwomanwasaflower-lover.Whenshereadtheannouncement20yearsago,shegotveryexcitedlikeothers.Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision.Afterall,awomanwhoneverknewtheseedgenetics（遗传学）couldn'tcompletewhattheexpertscouldneverdo,soherthoughtwasonlyadaydream.Still,theoldwomandidn'tchangehermindandwentonworking.Sheplantedsomeofthemostcommonseedsandtookgoodcareofthem.Ayearlater,whenthemarigoldcameout,shechoseonefaintest（最暗淡的）fromthosegoldenandbrownflowersandgotthebestseed.Thenextyear,sheagaingrewthemandchose...Dayafterday,yearafteryear,throughmanyseasons,theoldwoman'shusbanddied,herchildrenflewfar,alotofthingshappenedinherlife,butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart.Finally,after20yearsonthedayweallknow,inthegardenshesawamarigold,whichwasnearlywhite,butaswhiteassilverorsnow.Aproblemevenexpertscouldn'tdealwithwassolvedbyanoldwomanwhodidn'tunderstandgenetics.Wasitamiracle奇迹）?Totakerootintheheart,eventhemostcommonseed,cangrowintoamiracle!Accordingtothepassage,marigoldisunusual.A.white B.purple C.brown D.goldenItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.thechildrendidn'tagreeontheirmother'sdecisionthewomanneededthegreatrewardforherbigfamilytheexpertsalsosucceededingrowingthewhitemarigoldthewomantookgoodcareoftheflowersinsteadofherfamilyThewomansuccessfullygrewthewhitemarigoldatlastbecauseshe.A.wasluckierthanexperts B.putherheartintoflowersC.gotsupportfromherfamily D.studiedtheseedgeneticswellThepassagemainlytalksabout.A.thedifficultiesofgettingthewhitemarigoldB.thepossibilityofgoingbeyondexpertsC.theunforgettabledevelopmentofmarigoldD.theimportanceofholdingontodreams【答案】(1)A(2)A(3)B(4)D【解析【分析】本文通过一个70多岁的老妇人历时20年终于培育出纯白色金盏花的故事告诉我们，只要坚守希望和梦想，奇迹就会发生。⑴推理判断。white白色；purple紫色；brown棕色；golden金色。根据第一段butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone可知自然界中除了金色的金盏花之外只有棕色的，找到白色的很难。故选A。⑵细节理解。根据第四段Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision可知她的八个孩子完全反对她的决定。故选A。⑶推理判断。根据第五段butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart可知只有种出纯白色金盏花的希望在她心里扎下根。故选B。⑷主旨大意。本文通过一个20年的努力终于种出了白色金盏花的事说明只要坚守希望和梦想，奇迹就会发生。故选D。【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章

中寻找答案。3.阅读理解IntheWarringStatesPeriod,theStateofQinhadafightwiththeStateofZhao,ZhaoneededsometalentedpeopletoaskforhelpfromChu.ThenMaoSui—themanwhobelievedhewastherightpersonforthistaskcameandrecommended（推荐）中寻找答案。3.阅读理解Oneday,ShangYangputathinwoodensticknearthesouthgateofthecapitalofQin.Hepromisedtopay10golcpiecestoanyonewhocouldmoveittothenorthgate.ItwassuchasimplejobthatallthepeoplethoughtShangwasjoking.Thenheadded40moregoldpieces.Amanmoveditandhereallygot50goldpieces.Afterthat,thepeopleofQinbelievedShangwasamanofhisword.SotheyallfollowedShang'snewlawslater.WangXizhiwasoneofthemostfamouscalligraphers（书法家）duringtheEasternJinDynastyofChina.Whenhewasveryyoung,hepracticedhisarteverydayandneverstopped.Oneday,WangXizhiwroteinwoodforanengraver（雕亥U师） tocut.Thentheengraverfoundtheinkhadpenetrated（渗透）onecentimeterintothewood.Now"RuMlSanFen"isoftenusedtodescribesharpideasorusefulviews.WheredidMaoSuicomefromaccordingtothispassage?A.TheStateofQin. B.TheStateofZhao. C.TheStateofChu.WhydidthepeopleofQinfollowShangYangsnewlaws?TheybelievedinShangYang.TheywereafraidofShangYang.ShangYanggavethemgoldpieces.Whatis"RuMuSanFen"oftenusedtodescribenow?Amanofhisword.Sharpideasorusefulviews.Awell—knownheroofthestate.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B【解析【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍三则成语故事。（1）细节理解题。由表格一IntheWarringStatesPeriod,theStateofQinhadafightwiththeStateofZhao,ZhaoneededsometalentedpeopletoaskforhelpfromChu.ThenMaoSui—themanwhobelievedhewastherightpersonforthistaskcameandrecommended（推荐）himself.可知毛遂是战国时代赵国人，故选B。（2）细节理解题。由表格二Afterthat,thepeopleofQinbelievedShangwasamanofhisword.SotheyallfollowedShang'snewlawslater.可知秦国人相信商鞅，才会服从商的新法。故选A。（3）细节理解题。由Now"RuMuSanFen"isoftenusedtodescribesharpideasorusefulviews.可知现在入木三分被用于说明尖锐的想法或有用的观点。故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。4.阅读理解Whatdoyouseewhenyoulookatabstract（抽象的）art?Canyouunderstandit?Doesitlooklikeanything?Abstractartbecamepopularintheearly20thcentury.Artistsdidnotwanttopaint,draw,orsculptthingsexactlyliketheylooked.Theydidn'twanttheirarttoberealistic（现实的）.Theyweremoreinterestedinbasicshapesandcolours.Picassoisprobablythemostfamousoftheseartists.Hepaintedanddrewinmany,manystyles.Sometimesheusedalotofbluecolours（his"blueperiod"）.Later,heusedmoreredandpinkcolours（his"roseperiod"）.Manyofhisotherpaintingsarecalled"cubist（立体派的）"becausetheyaremadeofpaintedsquares.Afteralongtime,Picasso'spaintingsbecamemoreandmoreabstract.Hepaintedpeopleandthingsusingstrangeshapes.Hisworkwassostrangethatmanyofhisworkmatesdidn'tunderstandit.Kandinsky,anotherfamousartist,usedlines,shapes,andpatternstopainthissubjects.Hispaintingsalsousedstrongcolourstoexpressfeelings.Otherartistslikethesurrealists(超现实主义画家)，wereinterestedinsubconsciousness(潜意识).PainterslikeBretonandMagritteusedmanysymbolsintheirwork.Themeaningorsubjectoftheirworkwasn'talwaysclear.Dali,anothersurrealistartist,paintedpicturesthatlookedlikedreams.Therearestillmanyabstractartistsaroundtheworld.That'sthewaymanyartistsprefer.Theywanteachpersontolookatartandfindtheirownmeaninginit.Whichwouldbemostlikeabstractart?Apaintingofahouse.Asculptureofacar.Adrawingoftwopeopleinacoffeehouse.Aredandbluepainting,withnoclearsubject.WhathappenedtoPicasso'sworkafteralongtime?Itbecamemoreabstract.Itbecamelessstrange.Hewentfromusingredcolourstousingbluecolours.Heonlypaintedwithcolouredsquares.HowdidKandinskyexpressfeelings?A.Byusingstrongcolours. B.Bypaintingrealisticpeople.C.Bypaintingwithalotofsymbols. D.Bypaintinginredandpinkcolours.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Picassopaintedinmanydifferentstyles.Daliwasinterestedindreams.Abstractartistsfeeleachworkofartonlyhasonemeaning.Magritte'sartwasfullofsymbols.【答案】(1)D(2)A(3)A(4)C【解析【分析】本文介绍了抽象派艺术及其代表人物毕加索。(1)推理题。根据毕加索是抽象艺术的代表人物Sometimesheusedalotofbluecolours(his"blueperiod").Later,heusedmoreredandpinkcolours有时他使用很多蓝色，后来，他使用了更多的红色和粉色，可知一幅红色和蓝色的画，没有清晰的主题最像抽象艺术故选D。(2)细节题。根据Afteralongtime,Picasso'spaintingsbecamemoreandmoreabstract

可知很久以后毕加索的作品变得更加抽象可知很久以后毕加索的作品变得更加抽象故选A。（3）细节题。根据Hispaintingsalsousedstrongcolourstoexpressfeelings可知康定斯通过使用强烈的颜色基表达感情的，故选A。（4）细节题。根据Themeaningorsubjectoftheirworkwasn'talwaysclear.Dali,anothersurrealistartist,paintedpicturesthatlookedlikedreams.他们工作的意义或主题并不总是清楚的。另一位超现实主义艺术家达利画的画看起来像梦可知抽象艺术家觉得每件艺术品只有一种意义是错误的，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。5.阅读理解Itisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyouwakeup,youfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold!Waitamoment.Coulditjustbeacommoncoldortheflu（流感）that'sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandcough.Butit'susuallyeasytodealwith.Somepeopletakemedicinewhileothersdrinkherbalteaorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.Ontheotherhand,theflucanbemuchmoredangerous.Itusuallygivesyoufever.Sometimesitcancausedeath.AccordingtoanAmericanmagazine,theworstflukilledabout50millionpeoplefrom1918to1919.Don'tworry.Ifyougetafluvaccine（疫苗）,itcanstopyoufromgettingthevirus（病毒）.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyas