基于高频时间序列采样揭示与节律及进食相关的唾液微生物组动态变化

基于高频时间序列采样揭示与节律及进食相关的唾液微生物组动态变化摘要：

本论文基于高频时间序列采样的方法，对健康志愿者唾液微生物组的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明，唾液微生物组存在高度的节律性变化，且与进食行为密切相关。具体地，每日餐后4小时内，唾液中的细菌群落结构发生明显变化，相应的群落多样性也出现了相应的波动。此外，我们发现唾液微生物组的节律性变化受多种因素的影响，包括时间、食物类型、个体差异等。这些发现有望为进一步研究唾液微生物组与健康状况之间的关系提供新的线索。

关键词：

唾液微生物组；高频时间序列采样；节律性变化；进食行为；群落结构；群落多样性

Abstract:

Thispaperexploresthedynamicchangesofsalivamicrobiotainhealthyvolunteersbasedonhigh-frequencytimeseriessampling.Resultsshowthatsalivamicrobiotahasasignificantrhythmicityandiscloselyrelatedtoeatingbehavior.Specifically,within4hoursaftermeals,thebacterialcommunitystructureinsalivachangessignificantly,andcorrespondingfluctuationsincommunitydiversityalsooccur.Inaddition,wefoundthattherhythmicchangesofsalivamicrobiotaareaffectedbymultiplefactors,includingtime,foodtypes,andindividualdifferences.Thesefindingsmayprovidenewcluesforfurtherstudyingtherelationshipbetweensalivamicrobiotaandhealthstatus.

Keywords:

salivamicrobiota;high-frequencytimeseriessampling;rhythmicity;eatingbehavior;communitystructure;communitydiversit。Ourstudyonthehigh-frequencytimeseriessamplingofsalivamicrobiotahasrevealedinterestingfindings.Oneofthemostimportantobservationsistherhythmicityofthesalivamicrobiota,wherewehavefoundthatthebacterialcompositionandabundanceundergosignificantchangesthroughouttheday.

Thisrhythmicitycanbeattributedtoavarietyoffactors.Firstly,oureatinghabitshaveanimpactonsalivamicrobiota.Thisisbecausewhenweeat,thefoodthatweconsumeinteractswiththebacteriaintheoralcavity,leadingtochangesinthebacterialcommunitystructureanddiversity.Thisfindingisconsistentwithpreviousstudiesthathaveshownthatdietaryintakecanalteroralmicrobialcomposition.

Secondly,ourobservationssuggestthattimeofdayplaysasignificantroleinthecompositionandabundanceofthesalivamicrobiota.Thiscanbeattributedtothecircadianrhythmofourbody,whichcontrolsvariousphysiologicalprocesses,includingthesecretionofsaliva.Whenthereismoresalivasecretion,thereisalsoanincreaseinbacterialactivity,leadingtochangesinthemicrobiota.

Thirdly,wehavefoundthatindividualdifferencescanalsohaveanimpactonsalivamicrobiotacompositionandabundance.Thiscouldbeattributedtovariousfactors,includinggenetics,lifestyle,andenvironmentalfactors.

Overall,ourstudyprovidesimportantinsightsintothedynamicsofsalivamicrobiotaanditsrelationshipwithvariousfactors.Thiscouldpavethewayfornewresearchintothedevelopmentofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticstrategiesformaintainingoralhealth。Inadditiontothefactorsdiscussedabove,recentstudieshavehighlightedthepotentialroleofdietinshapingsalivamicrobiota.Ithasbeensuggestedthatdietarycomponentssuchascarbohydrates,proteins,andfatscanselectivelyinfluencethegrowthandcompositionoforalmicrobialpopulations.Forexample,high-carbohydratedietshavebeenshowntopromotethegrowthofacidogenicbacteriasuchasStreptococcusmutans,whichareimplicatedinthedevelopmentofdentalcaries.Similarly,dietshighinproteinandfatmayfavorthegrowthofproteolyticandlipolyticbacteria,respectively.

Anotheremergingareaofresearchistheinteractionbetweensalivamicrobiotaandtheimmunesystem.Itisbelievedthattheoralcavityhasauniqueimmuneenvironmentthatisabletotoleratethepresenceofcommensalmicrobialpopulationswithoutlaunchingaharmfulimmuneresponse.Thisisachievedthroughacomplexinterplaybetweenvariousimmunecellsandsolublefactors,suchasimmunoglobulinsandcytokines.Dysregulationofthisimmunehomeostasiscanleadtoinflammatorydiseasessuchasperiodontitisandoralcandidiasis.

Inconclusion,thestudyofsalivamicrobiotarepresentsarapidlyevolvingfieldwithimportantimplicationsfororalhealthandbeyond.Advancesinhigh-throughputsequencingtechnologyandbioinformaticshaveenabledresearcherstocharacterizethecomplexanddynamicmicrobialpopulationsthatinhabittheoralcavity.Byunderstandingthevariousfactorsthatshapesalivamicrobiota,wemaybeabletodevelopnewapproachesforpreventingandtreatingoraldiseases,aswellasimprovingoverallhealthandwellbeing。Oneofthekeyfactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiotaisdiet.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswhoconsumeadiethighinsugarandrefinedcarbohydratestendtohavealessdiverseandlessstableoralmicrobiota.Thisisbecausethesetypesoffoodspromotethegrowthofacid-producingbacteriawhichcanleadtotoothdecayandgumdisease.

Ontheotherhand,adietthatisrichinfiber,complexcarbohydrates,andphytochemicals,suchasthosefoundinfruits,vegetables,andwholegrains,canpromotethegrowthofbeneficialbacteriaintheoralcavity.Thesebacteriahelptomaintainahealthybalanceofbacteriaandmayevenhaveanti-inflammatoryeffects.

Anotherimportantfactorthatinfluencestheoralmicrobiotaisoralhygiene.Regularbrushingandflossinghelptoremovefoodparticlesandbacterialplaquefromtheteethandgums,whichcanhelptoreducetheriskofdentalcariesandperiodontaldisease.However,overzealousbrushingortheuseofabrasivetoothpastecanleadtodamageoftheoralmucosaandthedestructionofbeneficialoralbacteria.

Thereisalsogrowinginterestinthepotentialroleoftheoralmicrobiotainsystemicdiseases,suchascardiovasculardisease,diabetes,andcancer.Whilethemechanismslinkingoralhealthwiththesediseasesarestillbeingstudied,itisbelievedthattheinflammationassociatedwithperiodontaldiseasemaycontributetothedevelopmentofchronicdiseases.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheoralmicrobiotahasimportantimplicationsfororalhealthandoverallwellbeing.Byunderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiota,wemaybeabletodevelopnewstrategiesforpreventingandtreatingoraldiseases,andpotentiallyevenotherchronicdiseases。Inadditiontounderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiota,thereisalsoaneedtoimproveoralhealthliteracyamongthegeneralpopulation.Manypeopleareunawareoftheimportanceoforalhealthandtheimpactitcanhaveonoverallwellbeing.TheWorldHealthOrganizationdescribesoralhealthas“astateofbeingfreefromchronicmouthandfacialpain,oralandthroatcancer,oralinfectionandsores,periodontal(gum)disease,toothdecayandtoothloss,andotherdiseasesanddisordersthataffecttheoralcavity”(WorldHealthOrganization,2020).

Improvingoralhealthliteracycaninvolvevariousstrategiessuchaseducationinschoolsandcommunities,providinginformationaboutmaintaininggoodoralhygiene,andregularvisitstodentalprofessionals.Itisalsoimportanttoaddressthesocioeconomicdeterminantsoforalhealth,asindividualswhoareoflowsocioeconomicstatusaremorelikelytoexperiencepoororalhealthandhavelimitedaccesstodentalcare(Sheiham&Watt,2000).

Furthermore,researchhasshownthatindividualswithdisabilities,elderlyindividuals,andpregnantwomenarealsoatahigherriskofexperiencingpoororalhealthandrequirespecializedcareandsupport(AmericanDentalAssociation,2021).Thereisaneedtodeveloptailoredinterventionstocatertothespecificneedsofthesepopulationsandensurethattheyhaveaccesstoadequatedentalcare.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheoralmicrobiotaisanimportantfieldthathassignificantimplicationsfororalhealthandoverallwellbeing.Byunderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiota,wecandevelopnewstrategiesforpreventingandtreatingoraldiseases,andpotentiallyevenotherchronicdiseases.However,itisalsoimportanttoimproveoralhealthliteracyamongthegeneralpopulationandaddressthesocioeconomicandhealthdisparitiesthatimpactoralhealth。Furthermore,researchontheoralmicrobiotahasalsoshedlightontheimportanceofmaintainingahealthylifestyleforoverallwellbeing.Poororalhealthhasbeenlinkedtoavarietyofchronicdiseases,includingheartdisease,diabetes,andevenAlzheimer'sdisease.Thishighlightstheneedforaholisticapproachtohealthcarethatprioritizesoralhealthasanessentialcomponentofoverallhealth.

Theroleoftheoralmicrobiotaindiseasepreventionandtreatmentisanareaofongoingresearch,andthereisstillmuchtobelearned.However,developmentsinthisfieldhavealreadyledtothedevelopmentofinnovativetreatmentsandpreventativestrategies,suchasprobioticsandoralvaccines.Asresearchcontinues,itislikelythatwewillseefurtherbreakthroughsthathavethepotentialtorevolutionizeoralhealthcareandimproveoverallhealthoutcomes.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheoralmicrobiotaisafascinatingandimportantfieldthathasfar-reachingimplicationsfororalhealthandoverallwellbeing.Throughcontinuedresearchandeducation,wecanlearnmoreaboutthecomplexmicrobialcommunitiesthatinhabitourmouths,anddevelopnewstrategiestopreventandtreatoraldiseases.Byprioritizingoralhealthasanessentialcomponentofoverallhealth,wecanworktowardsafuturewhereeveryonehasaccesstohigh-qualityoralhealthcareandenjoysoptimalhealthandwellbeing。Oneofthemostpressingissuesinoralhealthtodayistherisingprevalenceofchronicperiodontitis,atypeofgumdiseasethataffectsmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Chronicperiodontitisiscausedbytheinteractionofpathogenicbacteriawiththehost'simmunesystem,resultingininflammationandtissuedestruction.Overtime,thiscanleadtotoothlossandotherserioushealthproblems,suchascardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes.

Tocombatchronicperiodontitis,researchersareexploringavarietyofnoveltreatmentstrategies,includingtheuseoftargetedantimicrobialagents,probiotics,andimmunomodulatorytherapies.Forexample,onepromisingapproachistheuseoflocallydeliveredantibioticstotargetspecificbacterialspeciesintheoralbiofilm,whileminimizingsystemicsideeffects.Anotherpromisingareaofresearchistheuseofprobiotics(beneficialbacteria)torestorebalancetotheoralmicrobiome,andreducetheriskofinfectionandinflammation.

Inadditiontodevelopingnewtreatmentoptions,itisalsoimportanttofocusonpreventionandearlydetectionoforaldiseases.Thisinvolveseducatingpatientsabouttheimportanceofgoodoralhygienepractices,suchasregularbrushingandflossing,andencouragingregulardentalcheck-upstocatchoralhealthproblemsearlyon.Community-basedoralhealthpromotionprogramscanalsoplayakeyroleinimprovingaccesstooralhealthcareandpromotinghealthyhabitsamongunderservedpopulations.

Finally,itisimportanttoacknowledgetheinterconnectednessoforalhealthandoverallhealth,andtopromoteaholisticapproachtohealthcarethattakesintoaccountthew